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...history of over dating back to the time of the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian empire]], when it was known as [[Parab]]. The older [[Persian language|Persian]]<r The prosperity of Otrar was interrupted by the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]].

...n 1389 by [[Timur]], who ruled the area as part of the expansive [[Timurid Empire]],<ref name=timurid /> to replace a smaller 12th-century mausoleum of the f ...structure the prototype for this distinctive art, which spread across the empire and beyond.<ref name=whs />

...ing of Kings]] of Iran. The significance of the ceremony in the Achaemenid Empire was such that King [[Cambyses II]]'s appointment as the king of [[Babylon]] ...hough the story takes place with the Jews under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire and the Jews had come under Iranian rule in 539 BC), while Nowruz is though

* [[Mongol Empire]]

...h century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the [[Russian Empire]]. Following the [[1917 Russian Revolution]], and subsequent [[Russian Civi ...nly with the Mongol invasion of the early 13th century. Under the [[Mongol Empire]], the largest in world history, administrative districts were established.

| name = Mongol | image = Mongol poster.jpg

....com, 2006. ISBN 1-4116-9865-7</ref> According to Holly Chase, "Turkic and Mongol horsemen on the move are supposed to have carried frozen or dried manti, wh

...s with [[Russian Turkestan]], the name for the region during the [[Russian Empire]]. Soviet Central Asia went through many territorial divisions before the c ...nd at the [[Battle of Anrakay]] in 1729.In the 19th century, the [[Russian Empire]] began to expand, and spread into Central Asia.

...ngolian) tribes that were the last remnants of the [[Mongol]] horse archer empire. He was instrumental in bringing the [[senior juz]] into a closer relations

|conflict=Mongol invasion of Central Asia |partof=the [[Mongol conquests]]

|empire = ...ly lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding [[Russian Empire]].

|conflict=[[Mongol]] conquest of Khwarezmia |partof=the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]]

...or 300 years. Portions of the country began to be annexed by the [[Russian Empire]] in the 16th century, the remainder gradually absorbed into [[Russian Turk ...u Province|Atyrau region]] (north-west Kazakhstan). The focus of the [[Hun Empire]] gradually moved westward from the steppes into Eastern Europe.

...that Saray-Jük was founded by [[Batu Khan]] who was one of king of Mongol Empire, but archeological excavations have revealed that the city was founded as e

...ccording to [[Zhang Qian]], the Yuezhi were defeated by the rising Xiongnu empire and fled westward, driving away the [[Saka|Sai]] (Scythians) from the [[Ili ...r [[Kujula Kadphises]] and expanded into South Asia, founding the [[Kushan Empire]], which at its peak under [[Kanishka]] stretched from [[Turpan]] in the [[

...8, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|9985-4-4152-9}}</ref> During the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] period the Shato fell under the [[Chagatai Khanate]], and after its demis ...Tian Shan [[Kyrgyz people|Kirgyz]], fell under domination of the [[Mongols|Mongol]] [[Oirats]], later known as [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyks]]. With the expansion

|conflict=Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai |partof=the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]]

...ang, and brought the regions formerly ruled by the Khaganate into the Tang empire. Puppet qaghans, the Turkic title for ruler, and military garrisons were in The empire of the Tang Dynasty (June 18, 618 – June 1, 907), successor of the [[Sui

...the fragmented Western Turks in 712, and absorbed the tribes into the new empire. ...tine Empire]], the Western Turks were mired in wars against the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persians]]. The Western Turks expanded as the khaganate of the Eas

* {{cite book | title = The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia | first = René | last = Grousset * {{cite book | chapter = The Türk Empire | first1 = D. | last1 = Sinor | first2 = S. G. | last2 = Klyashtorny | page

|status = [[Sinicization|Sinicized]] [[Khitan people|Khitan]] empire<br />in [[Central Asia]] |event_post = All former territories fully absorbed into [[Mongol Empire]]

...ral Asia and Mongolia, Vol. 1: Inner Eurasia from prehistory to the Mongol Empire''. Blackwell, 1998. *[[René Grousset|Grousset, René]]. ''The Empire of the Steppes''. [[Rutgers University Press]], 1970. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.

...ern lands of the former [[Chagatai Khanate|Chagatai Ulus]] of the [[Mongol Empire]], in the [[Ili River]] and [[Chu River]] basins, in today's South-Eastern ...y was conquered by the [[Kokand Khanate]] in 1820s, and by the [[Russian Empire]] during the 1850s to 1860s.

...s]] (probably [[Bashkirs]]) served in his army.<ref>Encyclopedia of Mongol Empire, see White Horde</ref>

...incipality of Tmutarakan before falling to the [[Kipchaks]] c. 1100. The [[Mongol]]s seized the area in 1239 and it became a possession of [[Genoa]], along w ...sso-Turkish War (1787–92)]], it passed into the control of the [[Russian Empire]]. Russia ceded it back to the Ottomans in 1792. It finally passed to Russi

...tes from Jewishness,'] in Roland Cvetkovski, Alexis Hofmeister (eds.),''An Empire of Others: Creating Ethnographic Knowledge in Imperial Russia and the USSR, ...ces and assimilations, almost everywhere in the towns throughout the Roman Empire, and far beyond it in the east, Jewish communities traded and flourished, a

...erving as Byzantium's proxy against the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian Persian empire]]. The alliance was dropped around 900. Byzantium began to encourage the [[ ...scriptions|Tes and Terkhin inscriptions]] of the [[Uyghur Khaganate|Uyğur empire (744–840)]] the form 'Qasar' is attested, though uncertainty remains whet

|image = Mongol Empire c.1207.png |caption = Location of the Naiman khanate at the start of the [[Mongol Empire]].

...en Reichs - translated as 'Travel through various provinces of the Russian Empire') in 1776.<ref name=grin/><ref>{{cite web| title=Iridaceae Iris lactea Pall ...jiang]], [[Henan]], [[Hubei]], [[Jiangsu]], [[Jilin]], [[Liaoning]], [[Nei Mongol]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Shandong]], [[Shanxi]], [[Sichu

* [[Mongol]] [[Golden Horde]] 13th–15th centuries * [[Russian Empire]] 18th–20th centuries

...]], [[Sogdiana]], [[Göktürks]], [[Xiongnu]], [[Yuezhi]] and the [[Mongol Empire]].<ref name="Christian">Christian.</ref> While the Trans-Siberian has always been used by the [[Russian Empire|Czarist]], [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and modern Russian government to project

...le|Persians]], [[Somali people|Somalis]], [[Greeks]], [[Syrians]], [[Roman Empire|Romans]], [[Georgian people|Georgians]], [[Armenians]], [[Bactria]]ns, and ...sed.<ref>[[Warwick Ball]] (2016), ''Rome in the East: Transformation of an Empire'', 2nd edition, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-72078-6, p. 15

A number of [[Mongols|Mongol]] and [[Turkic people|Turkic]] peoples occupied the river banks for many ce In the 17th century the [[Dzungar Khanate]], formed by the Mongol [[Oirats|Oirat]] people, became Russia's southern neighbor, and controlled

...page&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] p 728 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 201 ...d]] dynasty of Persia<!-- Do not link to the disambiguation page, "Persian Empire"; link to a specific iteration of this topic -->, but Derbent was probably

...page&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] pp 728-730 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec Once absorbed into the [[Russian empire]], it became a part of the [[Azerbaijan]] Soviet Socialist Republic after t

...su|Wuwei]] and emerged in [[Kashgar]] before linking to ancient [[Parthian Empire|Parthia]].<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18006 ''Silk Ro ...s to the west. Therefore, trade went south and migrations north.<ref>''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia''

...<ref name="hitler3">Hitler, 5–6 January 1942</ref> and with the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]],<ref>Kater, Michael H. (2004) ''Hitler Youth'', [https://books.go ...was then "brought into confusion" by the expanding borders of the [[Roman Empire]]. He stated that if Germany won the war, the boundary of Europe "would ext

...clude earlier states of languages, such as [[Middle Mongol language|Middle Mongol]], [[Old Korean]] or [[Old Japanese]].) ...on Strahlenberg]], a Swedish officer who traveled in the eastern [[Russian Empire]] while a prisoner of war after the [[Great Northern War]]. However, as has

...elated to the Uriyangkhai, which is a distinct neighbouring [[Oirats|Oirat-Mongol]] ethnic group in [[Mongolia]]. ...came into contact with [[Russians]] in the 18th century. In the [[Russian Empire|tsarist period]], the Altay were known as '''oirot''' or '''oyrot''' (this

[[File:Bayanbulak grassland.jpg|thumb|[[Hejing County]], [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture]]]] ...notion that the Western Mongols are on the left hand side when the Mongol Empire began its division into East and West Mongols. After this fragmentation, th

...khanate became the [[Protectorate General to Pacify the West]] of the Tang Empire. ...rea in turn. [[Genghis Khan]] conquered Kulja in the 13th century, and the Mongol Khans resided in the valley of the Ili. It is supposed that the [[Oirats]]

...bitation to a mixing of Persian culture and science with the native Turkic/Mongol tribal clans. South Kazakhstan Region was part of the [[Satrapy|Satrap]] of

...e the kinds found in [[Samarqand]] and other cities of the early [[Persian Empire|Persian]] empires.<ref name="autogenerated2004"/> ...ence is Isfijab (Espijâb, Isfījāb, Asfījāb), which remained until the Mongol conquest. [[Mahmud Kashgari]] mentioned it as the "White City which is call

The state of [[Alania]] was established prior to the [[Mongol]] invasions and had its capital in [[Maghas]], which some authors locate in ...n agreement was reached for the inclusion of the Karachay into the Russian Empire.

...nd farmers.<ref name="Biran2005">{{cite book|author=Michal Biran|title=The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World

...e Innocent IV]] to the [[Khagan]] [[Güyük Khan|Güyük]] of the [[Mongol Empire]].<ref>{{harvnb|Poujol|2007|p=93}}</ref> ...into exile throughout the [[Russian Empire]]. By the time of the [[Russian Empire Census]] of 1897, there were already 11,579 Poles in Central Asia, 90 per c

...the decline of the [[Zaporizhian Sich]] and the establishment of [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russian]] hegemony in Ukraine, Ukrainians became more widely known ...cite book|author=Serhy Yekelchyk|authorlink=Serhy Yekelchyk|title=Stalin's Empire of Memory: Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Soviet Historical Imagination

...rgyz]], [[Karakalpaks]], [[Nogais]], [[Turkic peoples]] and [[Naimans]] of Mongol banner. The Kazakhs are descendants of the Turkic and medieval Mongol tribes&nbsp;– [[Argyns]], [[Dughlats]], [[Naimans]], [[Jalairs]],[[Kerait

...orically, the term "Tatars" [[exonym|was applied to]] a variety of [[Turco-Mongol]] semi-[[nomadic empires]] who controlled the vast region known as [[Tartar .... 1207–1255), the Mongols moved westwards, driving with them many of the Mongol tribes toward the plains of Russia. The "Tatar" clan still exists among the

...[Caucasian War]], which led to the annexation of Chechnya by the [[Russian Empire]] around 1850) and the 1944 [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] deportation in the case ...eudal lines. Chechnya was [[Mongol invasions of Chechnya|devastated by the Mongol invasions]] of the 13th century and those of [[Tamerlane]] in the 14th.<ref