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Turkistan is one of Kazakhstan's historic cities with an [[archaeological record]] dating back to the 4th century.<ref>{{cit ...ng the [[Han dynasty]] it may even have been Beitan, the summer capital of ancient [[Kangju]] ('''康居'''), which is mentioned in the ''[[Hanshu]]''.<ref>Hi

{{Infobox ancient site ...' or '''Sauran''' ({{lang-kk|Сауран}}, {{IPA-kk|sɑwˈrɑn|}}) is an ancient city located {{convert|43|km}} north-west of the city of [[Turkistan]] in [

...f Otrar have been attractive because of rumours about the treasures of the ancient rulers, and about buried piles of gold coins and jewelry. The source of suc ...containing a series of towns and cities. Each hill formed in the place of ancient settlements has, at present its own name: Altyntobe, Dzhalpak-tobe, Kuyuk-M

...hstan.com/turkestan-kazakhstan-city.shtml|accessdate=2009-09-16}}</ref> an ancient centre of [[Camel train|caravan]] trade known earlier as Khazret and later ...mausoleum was begun in 1389.<ref name=whs /> Timur imported builders from cities which he laid waste during his campaigns, including [[mosaic]]-workers from

...resented. Kazakh craftsmen created masterpieces of applied art. This is an ancient art which has been passed from generation to generation. Also there is a co The archeological gallery reflects ancient history of Kazakhstan starting from the Stone Age up to the late Middle Age

...owruz+persian+new+year+origin&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s|quote=Nowruz, an ancient spring festival of Persian origin (and the Zoroastrian New Year's day)...}} ===Ancient roots===

...khstan]] borders the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Aral Sea]], remnants of the ancient [[Paratethys Sea]].</ref> * (1) [[Almaty]] and [[Astana]] cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province.

The name "Kazakh" comes from the [[Old Turkic language|ancient Turkic]] word ''qaz'', "to wander", reflecting the Kazakhs' [[Eurasian noma [[File:Ancient Taraz Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|right|Artistic depiction of medieval [[Taraz]] s

Other accounts{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} from some cities in northern or western China have it that the skin, partially filled with m Archaeological investigations of the [[Botai culture]] of ancient [[Kazakhstan]] have revealed traces of milk in bowls from the site of [[Bot

...adays mantou refers to steamed bun in China, while [[baozi]] resembles the ancient mantou stuffed with meat.<ref name="Millward2013"/><ref name="Coe2009">{{ci ...nd [[Mecca]] although it can be found in Hejazi restaurants in other Saudi cities and towns as well. A later Saudi variation in the form of a casserole also

...1999. It has interesting Regional Museum and lies near the remains of the ancient city of Merv, which in corrupted form gives its name to the modern town. [[ [[Samarkand]] is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between [[Chi

The manuscript of "Tarikh-Safavi", written in ancient Persian by Persian historians, wrote about Kasim Khan, ruler of Dasht-i-Kip ...ain faced with defeat at [[Sayram (city)|Sayram]] and soon lost many major cities to the Zunghars.

...px|right|alt=Five pie charts|Theorized proportion of Mongoloid elements in ancient and contemporary Kazakh populations, based on male [[Craniology|craniologic ...e 17th century, when [[Cossacks]] established forts which later became the cities of Yaitsk (modern [[Oral, Kazakhstan|Oral]]) and Guryev (modern [[Atyrau]])

..., and Polovetses before Tatar invasion'', SPb, 1884. p.55, in L.Gumilev, ''Ancient Türks'', [http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot20.htm Ch.20] (In Russian)</ ...e from the southern [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Syr Darya]] cities. The Syr Darya cities retained their autonomy. The [[Oghuz Turks|Oguzes]] in the southern [[Kazak

{{Infobox ancient site ...ury Saray-Jük became an important trade center and was one of the biggest cities of the [[Golden Horde]] (Golden Palace). The ruins of the suburb Aqtöbe, l

...22, 2014 |title=The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8kmAQAAMAAJ |location= |publ ...eyblank, “Why Tocharians?”, ''Central Asia and non-Chinese peoples of ancient China'', vol. 1. Aldershot, Hampshire; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing,

{{Infobox ancient site ...>4</sup>}}), also known as ''Ordukent'' (modern-day ''Ak-Beshim''), was an ancient [[Silk Road]] city located some 50&nbsp;km east from [[Bishkek]], and 8&nbs

...Fakhr al-Dīn Mubārak Shāh defined China as part of "Turkestan", and the cities of Balāsāghūn and Kashghar were considered part of China.{{sfn|Biran|200 [[Category:Ancient peoples of China]]

...[[Persian culture|Iranian civilization]]. Persia influenced [[Culture of ancient Rome|Roman culture]] considerably during the Sasanian period.<ref name="J. ...m]] and [[Bishapur]], as well as a monumental inscription in Persian and [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] in the vicinity of [[Persepolis]]. He exploited his success b

...er'', the onus of proof is certainly on him. He must show that a number of ancient manuscripts, which appear to contain references to the correspondence, have ...nging Islam to the Turkic nomads than the learned [[ulama|'ulamâ]] of the cities.'</ref> A tradition of the Iranian [[Mountain Jews|Judeo-Tats]] claims that

'''Sighnaq''' was an ancient city in [[Central Asia]] (in modern [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyzylorda Region]]), ...ntion his source. Sherif al-Din speaks of Sabran and Sighnaq as two border cities of [[Turkestan]] and says that Sighnaq was located 40 km from [[Otrar]]; th

...n trading during the road's history included [[Scythia]], [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] and [[Byzantine Greece]], the [[Han dynasty|Han]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang ...nce of {{convert|11870|km|mi|-2}}. The exact route used to connect the two cities, whether through Mongolia or Kazakhstan, however, is unclear.<ref>Xinhua, "

The '''Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites''' are sections of the ancient [[Silk Road]] and historical sites along route that have been designated by ...various empires and kingdoms, trading settlements, Buddhist cave temples, ancient paths, posthouses, mountain passes, beacon towers, sections of the [[Great

...Chinese Academy of Sciences|isbn=9812833560|dead-url=|access-date=|edition=Ancient Glass Research along the Silk Road, World Scientific}}</ref> to the Mediter ...com/2012/12/treasures-of-ancient-altai-nomads-revealed/|title=Treasures of Ancient Altai Nomads Revealed - The Astana Times|date=2012-12-10|newspaper=The Asta

...Part of the ancient [[Silk Road]] ran through this region. The two largest cities in the depression are [[Astrakhan]] in Russia, and [[Atyrau]] in Kazakhstan

<!-- twin cities ---------------> ...Shah Abbas of the 15th-16th century in Garaqurtlu, a village in Khachmaz, ancient settlements and the barrows of the Bronze Age, the famous “Iron gate” o

...a), [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Türkmenbaşy]] (Turkmenistan) (''see [[#Cities near the Caspian Sea|article]]'') ...sion (geology)|depression]] on earth after Lake [[Baikal]] (- 1180 m). The ancient inhabitants of its coast perceived the Caspian Sea as an ocean, probably be

...e [[Persian rugs]]). The Turkman cushions and carpets are famous for their ancient patterns. Felt mat, Jajim (coarse mat), and Palas (coarse woolen clothe), w .... Its composer is unknown, but the song laments the hard life of brides in ancient times among Turkmans, historical events, love of life, and the pain of sepa

Anzali is an old city in ancient Iran, they are related to [[Kadusin]], owing to their pleasant relationship [[Category:Cities in Iran]]

|WHS=Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent ..."DARBAND 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/darband-i-ancient-city|title=DARBAND (1)|accessdate=29 December 2014}}</ref> The modern name

Professor Bahram Farah'vashi who is an Iranian expert in ancient languages says that in the Middle Persian Language; ''Lah'' refers to silk, ...scharge and a high alluvial content. The higher part is made out of coarse ancient alluvial material, whereas in the lower part, north of [[Astaneh-e Ashrafiy

and ''[[Kiasar]]'', ''[[Damghan]]'', and ''[[Semnan (city)|Semnan]]'' are cities located to the south. ...the city of [[Hyrcania|Zadracarta]] (Persian: ''Sadrakarta'') mentioned by Ancient Greek sources as early as the 6th century BCE ([[Achaemenid dynasty]]).<ref

...ndation of the executive power building was being excavated, remains of an ancient [[caravanserai]] along with personal items and kitchenware was found at the ...in 1997 in celebration of the 20th anniversary of [[Twin towns and sister cities|twin-city]] relations between [[Ludwigshafen]] and Sumgayit. In 1999, ''Hey

...parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in past. The ancient Tonekabon came under the realm of the Royan territory, also called Rostamda [[Category:Cities in Mazandaran Province]]

...However, the area had very little population prior to Soviet times and no cities of any relevancy, almost certainly due to the scarcity of fresh water. ==Twin towns and sister cities==

According to valid historical documents, the ancient name of Roodsar was "Koutum", which was a small city in Rankooh. The other [[Category:Cities in Gilan Province]]

...onvert|28|m|ft}} below [[sea level]], which makes it the [[List of capital cities by altitude|lowest lying national capital in the world]] and also the large |title=Travel Picks: Top 10 cities to party the night away

...:Города Казахстана.svg|thumb|800px|left|Provinces and main cities of Kazakhstan]] The following is a list of cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants in [[Kazakhstan]]. The names of many plac

| cities = The lake is mostly famous for the way it was created (as a result of an ancient natural landslide damming a valley), destroyed (another natural landslide d

|cities = ...es = 140–141|isbn = 0-19-823384-1}}</ref> These lakes are remnants of an ancient sea which once covered the entire Balkhash-Alakol depression, but was not c

Hitler also expressed his belief that in [[ancient times]] the concept of "Europe" was limited to the southern tip of the [[Gr ...oundary at the [[A-A line]] (a limit along the [[Volga river]] between the cities of [[Archangelsk]] and [[Astrakhan]]), which was the military objective of

[[File:Ural Character.jpg|thumb|An ancient carving of an elk.]] ...he South of Russia. The end of 19th century saw a rapid growth of the Ural cities and of the anti-capitalist movements. The long-term exploitation of the fac

...continues to attract intraprovincial and interprovincial migration to its cities. In comparison to southern Xinjiang (''Nanjiang'', or the Tarim Basin), Dzu ...e]] and semi-desert basin surrounded by high mountains: the [[Tian Shan]] (ancient [[Mount Imeon]]) in the south and the [[Altai Mountains|Altai]] in the nort

...ty]] with a "Beta -" classification according to [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|GaWC]].<ref>[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html]< ...times can be found in the numerous burial mounds ([[Tumulus|tumuli]]) and ancient settlements, especially the giant burial mounds of the Saka [[tsar]]s. The

...ed by BRILL, 1992. ISBN 90-04-09367-2</ref> and similarly among the oldest cities in [[Transoxania]].<ref name="autogenerated2004">Kazakhstan: Coming of Age. ...early [[plumbing]] system like the kinds found in [[Samarqand]] and other cities of the early [[Persian Empire|Persian]] empires.<ref name="autogenerated200

...s part of the government’s campaign to apply [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] names to cities. The formal spelling of Шымкент (Shymkent) as codified in Kazakhstan ...015 Shymkent officials sent a request to [[UNESCO]] to be recognized as an ancient city.<ref name=Shymkent>{{cite web|title=Shymkent Seeks UNESCO Recognition

===Ancient Times=== ...s an inland sea. The water retreated 1.2 to 2 million years ago, when the ancient Paleozoic shield was cracked by granite. The area lifted and created the K

...0,100 (1999 Census), up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after [[Astana]] and [[Turkistan (city)|Turkistan]]. ...st cities in Kazakhstan and in [[Transoxania]], build and populated by the ancient [[Sogdians]], Taraz celebrated its official 2000th anniversary (recognized

...t obvious is that '''Talgar''' originates from a later modified name of an ancient settlement of '''Talkhiz''', situated in the Talgar suburbs. ...ak of [[Zailiisky Alatau]] also bear this name. It became obvious that the ancient settlement had been situated somewhere close by. Thus, archeological excava

...tern Xinjiang). He talks about "the Tungani who had erected in the various cities of [[Hami City|Hami]]l, [[Barkol County|Barkul]], [[Qitai County|Guchen]], ...s the traditionally Dungan villages, many Dungan people live in the nearby cities, such as [[Bishkek]], [[Tokmok]], [[Karakol]].