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...e = ru}}</ref> they were renamed to '''Urozhai''' in 1955 and '''Kairat''' in 1956.<ref name="History" /> The club's home ground is the [[Central Stadium ...USSR]]. Kairat is considered to be one of the most popular football clubs in Kazakhstan.

| caption = Sergei Lukyanenko in 2011 ...rn 11 April 1968) is a [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]] author, writing in [[Russian language|Russian]], and is one of the most popular contemporary [

...sia and Belarus, transformed into the [[Eurasian Economic Community]] then in 2015 into the [[Eurasian Economic Union]]. President Nazarbayev has priorit ...n&id=132061</ref> Kazakhstan has called for “intra-regional integration in Central Asia” and international integration of the region.<ref name=TW1>{

...to 71 countries and territories, ranking the [[Kazakhstani passport]] 67th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Namibian and Thai passports) according t ...nesia]] (3 March 1998), [[Albania]] (29 June 1998), [[Samoa]] (15 December 1998), [[Ecuador]], (15 July 1999), [[Cook Islands]] (4 February 2002), [[Antigu

...countries are advised to prevent and punish actions of genocide in war and in peacetime. The number of states that have ratified the convention is curren ...nt to destroy.22|intent to destroy]], [[Genocide#.22In part.22|in whole or in part]], a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

| caption =Participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ...read of [[nuclear weapon]]s and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of [[Nuclear technology|nuclear energy]], and to further

...e convention (number C138 of ILO) replaces several similar ILO conventions in specific fields of labour. ...only possible after [[tripartite consultation]]s (if such a system exists in the ratifying country).

...hat it may be possible to adopt one or several international Conventions." In closing, the preamble states the date of adoption: July 9, 1948. ...pair, nor shall it be so applied as to impair, the guarantees provided for in this Convention." Finally, article 9 states that these provisions are appli

...union members to organise independently, without interference by employers in article 1 to 3. Second, articles 4 to 6 require the positive creation of ri ...own establishment, functioning or administration. Article 2(2) prohibits, in particular, unions being dominated by employers through "financial or other

..., and entered into force in 1984. The Convention was significantly amended in 1995. ...ablished by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. As a result, standards and procedures varied widely, even

...Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe'').<ref>EMEP History and Structure, [http://www.emep.int/index.html ...Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) (1984)

...4. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous [[Human impact on th ...l., "International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments."] Chapter 13 in: ''Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Worki

...Europe and Central Asia. The EU has begun applying Aarhus-type principles in its legislation, notably the [[Water Framework Directive]] (Directive 2000/ ...garding access to information, public participation and access to justice, in governmental decision-making processes on matters concerning the local, nat

...Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade | date_signed = 10 September 1998

...is an international [[environmental law|environmental]] [[treaty]], signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the pr ...to be taken on POPs, which it defined as "chemical substances that persist in the environment, [[Bioaccumulation|bio-accumulate]] through the [[food web]

...] of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ...armaceuticals, and the [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances]], which strengthens provisions

|caption = Participation in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic ...s Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. It came into force on 21 May 1977. The conventio

...76299-2|page= |pages= 607–08|url= |accessdate=}}</ref> Over two sessions in 1968 and 1969, the Vienna Conference completed the Convention, which was ad ...t defines a treaty as "an international agreement concluded between states in written form and governed by international law," as well as affirming that

|name=Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe * {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]]

...nt which establishes a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the [[energy industry]]. The treaty covers all aspects of commercial energy ...arly-10 year long [[Yukos shareholders vs. Russia|Yukos]] case was decided in favor of the claimants on the basis of the Treaty, with a record-breaking $

...t was revised and its mandate extended to cover all physical measurements. In 1960, at the 11th meetings of the CGPM, the system of units it had establis ...CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement]] (CIPM-MRA) program without taking part in the activities of the BIPM.

...ence of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity in October in [[Nagoya]], Japan, the Nagoya Protocol was adopted.<ref name=autogenerated1 ...Programme]] (UNEP) Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Biological Diversity in November 1988. The subsequent year, the Ad Hoc Working Group of Technical a

...C'''), concluded at [[Geneva]] on October 10, 1980, and entered into force in December 1983, seeks to prohibit or restrict the use of certain [[conventio ...ention covers [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragments]] that are undetectable in the human body by [[X-ray]]s, [[landmines]] and [[booby trap]]s, and [[Ince

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...]], it applies to arbitrations which are not considered as domestic awards in the state where recognition and enforcement is sought. Though other interna ...esentative to the United Nations and [[Oscar Schachter]], a leading figure in international law who later taught at [[Columbia Law School]] and the Colum

...ent of the implementation of the Convention and the status of child rights in their country. Their reports and the committee's written views and concerns ...d Conflict|First Optional Protocol]] restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts, and the [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Ri

...dopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] on 16 December 1966, and in force from 3 January 1976.<ref name=refworld/> It commits its parties to wo ...Council]] was given the task of drafting it.<ref name=ohchr-fs2/> Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth genera

| name = United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances ...ate=May 18, 2005 | title=United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988}}</ref>

...ountries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa ...ountries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD)''' is a Convention to combat [[desertification]] and mitigat

| date_signed = 12 January 1998<ref>First signed by [[Belgium]], Canada, France, Russia, [[Sri Lanka]], the ...s terrorist bombings as the unlawful and intentional use of [[explosives]] in public places with intention to kill, to [[injury|injure]], or to cause ext

| date_effective = 21 June 1998 ...n they are produced they are marked with a chemical [[taggant]] (specified in the treaty's Technical Annex) which can facilitate future identification pu

| caption =Participation in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty | date_effective = Not in force

...requires its parties to outlaw [[hate speech]] and criminalize membership in racist organizations.<ref name=Art4>ICERD, Article 4.</ref> ...Lack of time prevented this from being considered by the General Assembly in 1961,<ref>United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1684 (XVI), 18 Decembe

...ng_name =Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celest ...ote to transfer China's seat]] to the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) in 1971.<ref name=unodacn/>

...dopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976. It commits its parties to respect the [[civil and ...ommittee requests (usually every four years). The Committee normally meets in Geneva and normally holds three sessions per year.

The Convention requires states to take effective measures to prevent torture in any [[Territory (geographic region)|territory]] under their [[jurisdiction] ...recognized as the [[International Day in Support of Victims of Torture]], in honor of the Convention. Since the convention's entry into force, the absol

...ducted from their country of [[habitual residence]] or wrongfully retained in a contracting state not their country of habitual residence.<ref>Hague Conv ...tion thereby deterring a [[parent]] from crossing international boundaries in search of a more sympathetic court. The Convention applies only to children

...[[WHO]]}}</ref> It had been signed by 168 countries and is legally binding in 180 [[ratifying]] countries.<ref name="who-fctc-p"/> There are currently 16 ...mum requirements, and signatories are encouraged to be even more stringent in regulating tobacco than the treaty requires them to be.<ref name="Brandt, A

...that WTO members should base their SPS methodologies on. As provided for in Article 3, they are the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), World Organi ...regulations and standards.<ref>Kasturi Das, ‘Coping with SPS Challenges in India: WTO and Beyond’, (2008) 11(4) Journal of International Economic La

...the Uruguay Round of the [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] (GATT) in 1994 and is administered by the WTO. ...ope of TRIPS, stating for example that TRIPS can and should be interpreted in light of the goal "to promote access to medicines for all."

...on 13 October 1995.<ref name=UNTreatyInfo /> It came into force on 30 July 1998.<ref name=UNTreatyInfo>{{cite web|title=2 .a Additional Protocol to the Con ...ross]] (ICRC) held four international meetings of experts on the topic and in 1993 published ''Blinding Weapons''.<ref name=ICRC1995Announcement />

...= Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters ...= Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters

...[[Ramsar, Mazandaran|Ramsar]] in [[Iran]], where the Convention was signed in 1971. ...ommendations) to administer the work of the Convention and improve the way in which the Parties are able to implement its objectives.

...me = Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption ...he Convention (countries in green have signed, but not ratified; countries in purple have ratified but are non-member states of the organization)

...cal trouble shooting, negotiating and generic problem solving capability)] in Gesellschaftliche Komplexität und kollektive Handlungsfähigkeit (Societys ...ist of treaties by number of parties|first universally ratified treaties]] in United Nations history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/Documents.Mu

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

|caption =Participation in the Chemical Weapons Convention ...ization based in [[The Hague]], Netherlands. The treaty entered into force in 1997. The Chemical Weapons Convention comprehensively prohibits the use, de

...mental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several [[subspecies]]; ''[[Iris spuria subsp. carthalin ...er= botany.cz |accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref> that is about 2&nbsp;cm in diameter,<ref name=isles>A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin and D. M. Moore {{Googl

.... It is recognisable by its pronounced knob atop the beak, which is larger in males. ...–49 |isbn=3-490-12518-5}}</ref> Both ''cygnus'' and ''olor'' mean "swan" in [[Latin]]; ''cygnus'' is a variant form of ''cycnus'', a borrowing from [[G

...|abbr=on}} and the [[Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsus]] is {{convert|5.8|to|7.7|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Olsen/> The Caspian gull has a long, slender bill, acce ...ll numbers are now seen regularly in [[Great Britain|Britain]], especially in [[South-east England]], [[East Anglia]] and the [[English Midlands|Midlands