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From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

  • ...These number about 25 thousand volumes in the Kazak, Russian, Oriental and Western European languages from the eleventh to the eighteenth and the first half o ...ain, Egypt, France, Great Britain, Norway, Austria, Germany, Iran, Turkey, China, Korea are our permanent partners. The NLRK is a member of the IFLA – Int
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  • ...tern Europe]]an art (16th–20th centuries), and art from [[East Asia]] ([[China]], [[India]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]]).<ref name="codart" />
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  • ...route of likely transmission of wheat and other goods from Western Asia to China.{{sfn|Frachetti|2010}}
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  • | name = Central Asia–China gas pipeline | country = [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[China]]
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  • | name = Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline | map_caption = GIS Route of Kazakhstan - China Oil Pipeline
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  • ...ocated on the border between [[Pakistan]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. K2 is referred to as the "Savage Mountain" — notable for its steep pyr ...[[cornice (climbing)|cornice]] broke loose from the heights of Annapurna's Western Wall and rumbled down the {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} long couloir. The [[
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  • ...km (the longest continuous overland border in the world), in the East with China - 1 783 km, in the South with Kyrgyzstan - 1 242 km, with Uzbekistan - 2 35 ...so has considerable reserves of oil and gas, which are concentrated in its western areas. Nowadays the country belongs to the group of the world’s leading o
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  • ...name="xinhuanet.com">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/21/c_13790562.htm|title=Xinjiang Uygurs celebrate Nowruz festival t It has been celebrated for over 3,000 years in [[Western Asia]], [[Central Asia]], the [[Caucasus]], the [[Black Sea Basin]] and the
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  • ...music and the most complicated works of violin literature. One of the few western musicians to use the kobyz is [[Trefor Goronwy]]. ...the Middle East, where they developed into instruments such as the erhu in China, the rebab in the Middle East, the lyra in the Byzantine Empire and the esr
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  • ...he strings are usually plucked by the [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]] of Western China and strummed and plucked by the [[Tājik people|Tajiks]], [[Turkmen people| ...d]], catgut gave way to strings made from twisted [[silk]] imported from [[China]]. To this day some instruments still feature silk strings, although [[nylo
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  • ...ady visited with tours in Germany, England, Scotland, Poland, USA, Turkey, China, Japan and, of course, Russia.'')</ref> The band was awarded the "Golden Di
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  • ...nd classical traditions became connected with [[ethnic Russian music]] and Western European music. Prior to the 20th century, Kazakh folk music was collected ...s") could be seen as a member of the cither family, finding equivalents in China, with the strings being divided each in two parts of different lengths, the
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  • ...zstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The country also borders on a significant part of the [[Caspian Sea]]. ...l opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years, and Western observers generally do not consider [[Elections in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan's
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  • ...date=27 December 2016}}</ref> Kazakhstan shares borders with [[Russia]], [[China]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], and [[Turkmenistan]], and also adjoins a ...ly referring only to [[Kazakhs|ethnic Kazakhs]], including those living in China, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan and other neighbouring countries, the term "Kaz
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  • ...se actor [[Tadanobu Asano]], while most of the supporting cast hailed from China and Mongolia. ...mad'', ''Mongol'' and ''Tulpan'' were released theatrically in a number of Western countries, including the United States in 2007, 2008 and 2009 respectively,
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  • ...ally in [[Inner Mongolia]] (the [[Mongols|Mongol]] [[Autonomous regions of China|autonomous region]]), and in [[Kazakhstan]]. Shooting began in September 20 ...the Black Rat") with Temüjin ([[Tadanobu Asano]]) as a prisoner in the [[Western Xia|Tangut kingdom]]. He conveys his memories about his earlier life throug
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  • ...nnis, Palomar College: "In the Indian subcontinent and much of Central and Western Asia, dairy products are consumed frequently, but usually only after bacter ...tation needed|date=November 2014}} from some cities in northern or western China have it that the skin, partially filled with mares' milk, is hung at the do
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  • ...ally, mantou was meat filled, but nowadays mantou refers to steamed bun in China, while [[baozi]] resembles the ancient mantou stuffed with meat.<ref name=" ...manti may have originated in the [[Middle East]] and spread eastward to [[China]] and [[Korea]] through the [[Silk Road]].<ref>{{ko icon}} [http://economy.
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  • | country = [[China]] ...=seventisabban337/> This unique method of making [[noodle]]s originated in China.<ref name=seventisabban337/> The ''Songshi Yangsheng Bu'' ({{zh|t=宋氏養
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  • | states=[[Kazakhstan]], [[China]], [[Mongolia]], [[Russia]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] {{Flag|China}}
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  • ...ef> George A. King says Fraser's translation was into the language of the "Western Kirghiz or Kirghiz-Kazak, though they disown the name Kirghiz".<ref>George [[George W. Hunter (missionary)|George W. Hunter]] of the China Inland Mission was aware of the Kazan 1901 translation, and after much pray
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  • ...%20arabic%20script%20shares%20the%20major&f=false|title=Multilingualism in China: the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949-2002|author=M ...ogate Latin alphabet in [[Germany]], the [[United States|US]] and in other Western countries. As with other Central Asian [[Turkic languages]], a [[latinisati
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  • ...-2, 6-4. Seeded 10th for qualifying at the [[2013 China Open (tennis)|2013 China Open]], Shvedova beat [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]] in the 1st round of quali ...ier [[Laura Siegemund]] 7-5, 6-3. Seeded 10th for qualifying at the [[2014 Western & Southern Open]], Shvedova lost in the 1st round of qualifying to American
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  • ...ongol peoples who came from farther north and east spreading westward from China and Mongolia between the 10th and 15th centuries in a centuries-long series ...rict of [[Turkey]] from the [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] region. In [[western China]], there is not only [[horse]]-back buzkashi, but also [[yak]] buzkashi amo
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  • ...[Flag of the People's Republic of China|flag]] of the People's Republic of China has five yellow stars on a red field. The [[Flag of Vietnam|flag]] of [[Vie File:HC Kunlun Red Star logo.png|[[HC Kunlun Red Star]], [[China]]
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  • ...Kennedy and Sons, 1956) p. 37</ref> Meanwhile, the Naimans who settled in Western Khanates of Mongol "Empire" all eventually converted to Islam.
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  • ...[[Bayan-Ölgii Province|Bayan-Ölgii]], [[Mongolia]], and [[Xinjiang]], [[China]]. Though these [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] people are most famous for huntin ...ready assimilated much of Chinese culture. Throughout its 300-year rule of China, the [[Song]] had to pay tribute to the Khitan to keep them from conquering
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  • ...part of the trade routes of the [[Silk Road]], which reached from China to western Asia and Europe. At that time, Almaty became one of the trade, craft and ag There are plans to construct a Western Europe-Western China highway, passing through Almaty. A new airport in Almaty expects to handle
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  • ===Activity in China=== ...mqi, provides a strong competitive edge for Air Astana. The Western hub of China is served both from Almaty and Astana with 11 services per week, offering c
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  • ...areas on the right bank of the [[Volga]], in the northern [[Caucasus]], in Western [[Siberia]], and in Northern [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Taubma * [[Great Leap Forward]], contemporary program in the [[People's Republic of China]]
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  • ...lbbl|m3}} of [[oil]] per day. In 2005, PetroKazakhstan was acquired by [[China National Petroleum Corporation]] and then in 2006 transferred to [[PetroChi ...ocarbons Ltd.''' the company was founded in 1981 and initially operated in Western Canada. It changed to a more international focus and grew after making seve
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  • ...cal location to control oil and gas flows from [[Central Asia]] to East ([[China]]) and West ([[Russia]], global market). ...au-Samara oil pipeline to Russia, and [[Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline]] to China. Kazakhstan is also a transit country for the [[Omsk]] (Russia) -[[Pavlodar
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  • ...Karachaganak, Aktobe, Mangistau, and Uzen, all of which are located in the western part of the country. These hold half of current proven reserves. The offsho ...s exports from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that are destined to Russia and China. In 2012, the amount of gas transited through Kazakhstan was 96.5 billion c
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  • ...l]] (16.81%)<br/>[[Total S.A.]] (16.81%)<br/>[[ExxonMobil]] (16.81%)<br/>[[China National Petroleum Corporation]] (8.4%)<br/>[[Inpex]] (7.56%) ...It has been designated as the main source of supply for the [[Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline]].<ref name=asiatimes>
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  • ...127''' is a Class A north-south reference [[European route]] that connects Western [[Siberia]] with eastern [[Kazakhstan]], spanning {{convert|1330|km|mi}}. ** [[Georgiyevka]] - [[Maykapshagay]] (at the border to [[China]]).
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  • ...sia]] – [[Pavlodar]] – [[Semey]] – [[Maikapschagai]] – Border of [[China]] || 1099 km ...Uzbekistan]] – [[Shymkent]] – [[Taraz]] – [[Almaty]] – Border of [[China]] (after N312) || 1197 km
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  • ...urkestan independence movement|Independence]] of [[East Turkestan]] from [[China]] | status = {{flagicon|China}} Designated as [[terrorism|terrorist]] organisation (15 December 2003)<br>
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  • ...ises/ChinaKazakhstan-Forces-Hold-First-Ever-Joint-Terrorism-Exercises.html China/Kazakhstan: Forces Hold First-Ever Joint Terrorism Exercises] Uyghur Americ Representatives from Australia, Britain, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, and the United
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  • ...S.E. Malov studied languages and customs of [[Turkic peoples]] living in [[China]] ([[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]], [[Salar people|Salars]], [[Sart]]s, and [[Kyr ...history and ethnography of the Turkic peoples of the central and western [[China]], [[Mongolia]], [[Central Asia]] and [[Kazakhstan]], [[Siberia]] and [[Vol
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  • ...nguage|language]] (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of Russia, China and Mongolia) and '''Kazakhstani''' to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens ...ulation density - only about 5.5 persons per km² in an area the size of [[Western Europe]].
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  • ...f><ref>{{harvnb|Parham|2004|p=39}}</ref> The modern wave of migration from China only dates back to the early 1990s.<ref name="Sadovskaya2007a">{{harvnb|Sad ...hal Biran|title=The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B934LaVBaz8C&pg
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  • ...ntry in this period were obliged to move toward Russia, as the border with China was sealed by the [[Qing Dynasty]].<ref name="lee7">{{harvnb|Lee|2000|p=7}} ...ers of [[South Korea]]ns and [[ethnic Koreans in China|ethnic Koreans from China]] have also come to the region to settle, invest, and/or engage in cross-bo
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  • ...out|descendants of Chinese Muslims that left China in the 1800s|Muslims in China that are sometimes still referred to by this name in Central Asian language ...ce in China also refer to members of this ethnic group as Dungans. In both China and the former Soviet republics where they reside, however, members of this
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  • | region2 = {{flag|China}} | ref2 = <ref>Census 2000 counts 1.25 million Kazakhs [http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/EthnicGroups/136924.htm The Kazak Ethnic Group], la
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  • | region13 = {{Flag|China}} ...unted messenger"). From the beginning, the extra ''r'' was present in the Western forms, and according to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] this was most lik
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  • | region14 = {{flag|China}} | ref14 = <ref name="China"/>
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  • ...ic minorities, and to prevent the penetration of Soviet secret agents into China.<ref>{{harvnb|Parham|2004|p=57}}</ref> ...urs in countries like Norway and Canada come from Central Asia rather than China.<ref name="Kamalov164">{{harvnb|Kamalov|2005|p=164}}</ref>
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  • ...an area that is now in [[western China]], and still home to a [[Kazakhs in China|Kazakh minority]]. [[Category:Ethnic groups in China]]
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  • ...vers territories of southern and southeastern [[Kazakhstan]], northwestern China ([[Xinjiang]]) and parts of [[Uzbekistan]]. ...شى ٴجۇز)}}) or '''Kishi zhuz''' consists of three tribes, covering western Kazakhstan.
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  • ...stan. Up to 10 million [[Russian diaspora]] elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe).</ref> |region33 = {{flag|China}}
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  • ...f Nationalities]], [[Beijing]], in 1984 and was assigned to work for the [[China National Standing Committee]]. During this time he reportedly formed a clos ...ing to Japan to study for his PhD, where he “came under the influence of western liberal thinking” and “engaged in Xinjiang minority [[Separatism|splitt
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  • ...[[Ningxia]] [[Hui people|Hui]] Autonomous Region of [[People's Republic of China]].</ref> in September, 1227. Baurchuk's participation in the expedition for ...C. ''Subjects and Masters: Uyghurs in the Mongol Empire'' Bellingham, WA: Western Washington University Center for East Asian Studies, 2007.
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  • ...the Yagma were recorded in [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[China|Chinese]] accounts as a prominent and powerful political entity in the [[Ta ...and the [[Kimaks]], and were a dependent of the [[Western Turkic Kaganate|Western Turkic Kagans]] until their demise.
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  • | Qi = Eastern Wei, Rouran allies; Zhou = Western Wei, Turk allies | Conquers Chen Kingdom, thus reunifying China
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  • ...in around 1499. In the same year he concluded Peace Agreement with [[Ming China]] that gave him opportunity to launch three expeditions against the [[Kalmy ...]] and [[Uqturpan County|Uch Turpan]]) in West [[Kashgaria]]. In 1516 the western and eastern parts of Kashgaria were united in one centralized state: Kashga
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  • | successor=[[Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mahmud Khan]] <small>(Western Moghulistan)</small><br>[[Ahmad Alaq]] <small>(Eastern Moghulistan)</small> ...="Rossabi2014">{{cite book|author=Morris Rossabi|title=From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi|url=https://books.google.com/b
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  • ...er they were sold by Jahangir's Army in Central Asia and sent them back to China.{{sfn|Millward|1998|p=285}} ...red and delivered to [[Beijing]]. There he was exposed to the attention of China's capital's population, being carried for several weeks in a mobile iron ca
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  • ...Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]] ...ng dynasty]] in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the [[People's Republic of China]], having been so since its founding year of 1949.
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  • ...group who today live primarily in the north-western [[People's Republic of China]]. ==[[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] politicians==
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  • |name=Western Yugur |states=[[China]]
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  • ...|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5iiEnVC9Y?url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FK04Ad02.html |date=2009-08-01 }}, ''[[Asia Times]]'', November 4, 2004</re :#The detainee stated that he left China during September 2000 {{Sic}} and traveled to Kabul, Afghanistan, by way of
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  • | birth_place = [[Ghulja]], [[China]] '''Abu Bakker Qassim''' is a [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] from [[China]]'s western frontier, [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] who was held in the [[Unite
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  • ...e Republic of China.svg|20px|Flag of the Republic of China]] [[Republic of China]] *[[Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency in China (1950–1958)]]
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  • ...be mythical, they may have been based on an actual concubine from western China who entered the imperial [[harem]] in 1760 and received the title "Imperial [[Image:Consort Rong.JPG|thumb|The Fragrant Concubine in Western dress]]
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  • ...|}}), was Khan of [[Tashkent]] (1487–1502 or 1503) and of the Moghuls of western [[Moghulistan]] (1487–1508). He was the eldest son of [[Yunus Khan]]. He ...]] had already taken control of eastern Moghulistan (present [[Xinjiang]], China)
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  • |image=File:Family In Lanchow, China 1944 Fr. Mark Tennien Restored.jpg |popplace= [[Sunan Yugur Autonomous County]], [[Gansu]], [[China]]
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  • |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
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  • ...yghur Kingdom]] (Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom) and then became subjects of the [[Western Xia]], and their descendants are the [[Yugur]]. ...erian Turkic]]).{{sfn|Coene|2009|p=75}}<ref>Roos, Martina Erica. 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Yugur) Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Diss. University
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  • |region1={{flagcountry|People's Republic of China}}<br/> <small>([[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]])</small> ...ple's Republic of China]], where they are one of 55 [[Ethnic minorities in China|officially recognized ethnic minorities]].
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  • |title=Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China. Issue 37 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ...d''), with its capital at Yarkand, which embraced all the settled lands of Western [[Kashgaria]], still nomad Moghulistan which embraced the nomad lands north
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  • ...t and medieval periods, ethnical composition and movement of tribes in the Western Turkic [[Kaganate]], pre-[[Mongols|Mongolian]] period (10th–12th centurie * ''Question on mutual relations of Usuns and Kanju with Huns and China in the second half of the 1st century B.C. (Campaign of Hun Shanyu Chzhichz
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  • ...he enterprise. Despite being open to foreign investment and even listed on Western stock exchanges, the ownership structure of some major mineral producing en Kazakhstan exports minerals to Russia, China, USA, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Netherlands
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  • |export-partners = {{flag|China}} 15.1% <br> {{flag|Russia}} 12.3% <br> {{flag|France}} 9.2% <br> {{flag|Ge |import-partners = {{flag|Russia}} 32.9% <br> {{flag|China}} 25.9% <br> {{flag|Germany}} 4.2% (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ci
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  • ...er trade, boost investments in the region, and serve as a counterweight to Western integration unions.<ref name="The Hindu"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Eurasian Ec ...uary 2016|page=6|date=2007|quote="Republic of Armenia is situated in south-western part of Asia. The country occupies the north-eastern part of Armenian plate
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  • ...olygon (SNTP)]] was established on August 21, 1947. Covering three oblasts-Western Kazakhstan, Karaganda and Pavlodar, [[Semipalatinsk Test Site|SNTP]] occupi Three test sites were operating on the borders of Western Kazakhstan and Atyrau oblasts in the Naryn area: Azgir nuclear testing site
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  • * {{flagicon|China}} [[Transport in the People's Republic of China#Rail|China]] - [[break of gauge]] {{Track gauge|1520mm}}/{{Track gauge|sg|lk=on}}; bor ...ndling trans-Eurasian trains, which travel more than 9,000&nbsp;km between China and Europe. The Khorgos Gateway dry port is surrounded by Khorgos Eastern G
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  • | location = [[China–Kazakhstan border]] | map_caption = The Dzungarian Gate in Kazakhstan on the border of China.
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  • ...Emin Valley''' ({{zh|c=额敏谷地|p=Émǐn gǔdì}}) is located on the [[China]]-[[Kazakhstan]] border, in [[Central Asia]]. It has an area of about {{con ...reas of [[Tacheng Prefecture]] in the [[Xinjiang]] Region of north-western China; and in [[East Kazakhstan Province]] of eastern Kazakhstan.
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  • ...a range of mountains located in the north-western parts of [[Xinjiang]], [[China]] and [[East Kazakhstan Province|East Kazakhstan]]. The name of the mountai ...eral counties of [[Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng (Tarbagatay) Prefecture]] in China.
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  • ...It flows through [[Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng (Tarbagatay) Prefecture]] of China's [[Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region]] and the [[East Kazakhstan Province] ...r is estimated at {{convert|250|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|180|km|mi}} is China and {{convert|70|km|mi}} in Kazakhstan.
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  • ...called the proposed highway "the shortest road link between [[Europe]] and China." Iskender Muflikhanov, aide to Prime Minister Minnikhanov, said the Tatar
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  • ...m.cn/english/doc/2004-05/10/content_329330.htm Profile: Akhmad Kadyrov], ''China Daily'', 10 May 2004</ref>
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  • ...]], [[China]]. It is a [[port of entry]] (by highway and railroad) from [[China]]. The rail portion serves as an important link in the [[Eurasian Land Bri ...the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] to connect Kazakhstan with Western China by rail was achieved in 1954. On the Soviet side, the railway reached the
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  • Aktobe Region is located in Western Kazakhstan, and is the second largest region by area in Kazakhstan. The cit ...on boom is connected with the general economic growth in the region and in Western Kazakhstan.
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  • ...y from other parts of Kazakhstan. The city has variety of local hotels and western chains of [[Renaissance Hotels|Renaissance]] and [[Holiday Inn]]. *{{flagicon|PRC}} '''[[Karamay]]''', [[China]]
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  • ...centers of the [[Silk Road]], which connected China and Southeast Asia to western Asia and Europe. The tourist centers organize tourist trips on this route,
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  • ...ve that the settlement had numerous commercial and political contacts with western Siberia, Central Asia, Xinjiang and Iran.[http://www.discovery-kazakhstan.c ...bsp;km southeast of Karkaraly. A battle took place and the rebels fled to China. In autumn of 1921, an agreement with the Chinese authorities allowed the 1
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  • ...the [[Battle of Talas]] (751 CE), which was fought between forces of the [[China|Chinese]] [[Tang Dynasty]] and those of the [[Arab]] [[Abbasid]] [[Caliphat ...Kazakhstan. It played a major role in trade and cultural exchange between China, India, [[Byzantium]], and [[Persia]]. Taraz developed as a fortified trad
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  • Since the opening of the [[Three Gorges Dam#Locks|Three Gorges locks in China]], the upper lock of that five-lock [[Staircase locks|cascade]] is theoreti ...y kilometers as a consequence of which a few drinking water intakes in the Western part of the city are closed or to be closed.
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  • ...to Russia through the region; the [[Irtysh–Karaganda Canal]] crosses the western part of the region, taking some of the river's water to [[Ekibastuz]] and [
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  • ...ame = "JSTOR2">{{cite journal | title = Potanin's Journey in North-Western China and Eastern Tibet | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society ...lov]] in his book on the expedition, ''[[The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia]]'' in 1893.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/201203161
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  • There is another city named Sayram in [[Xinjiang]], China located between [[Kucha]] and [[Aksu, Xinjiang|Aksu]], which, according to In the 7th century, the Western Turkic Confederation consisted of five Tu-lu and five Nu-shih-pi tribes, kn
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  • ...r western Mongolia and [[Kashgar]] to examine the military situation along China's border with Russia. On 2 February 1911 he became Commander of the 8th Inf
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  • ...the [[Tian Shan]] mountain system. It is almost entirely located within in China's [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]], with only a few westernmo ..., it joins the main range of the Tian Shan; at the western end, near the [[China–Kazakhstan border]], it joins the [[Dzungarian Alatau]].
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  • | photo_caption=The Tian Shan range on the border between China and Kyrgyzstan with [[Khan Tengri]] (7,010&nbsp;m) visible at center. | country=China| country1=Kazakhstan| country2=Kyrgyzstan |country3=Uzbekistan
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  • ...range]] in [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[East Asia]], where [[Russia]], [[China]], [[Mongolia]], and [[Kazakhstan]] come together, and are where the rivers ...olyvan Altai'', which stretch northeast from 49° N and 86° E towards the western extremity of the [[Sayan Mountains]] in 51° 60' N and 89° E. Their mean e
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  • ...two peaks, the eastern peak (4,506 m, 14,784&nbsp;ft.) is higher than the western peak (4,440 m, 14,567&nbsp;ft.).
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  • ...thor=David Brophy|title=Uyghur Nation: Reform and Revolution on the Russia-China Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84bPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT319&dq=qil ...th, it covers approximately {{convert|777000|km2|abbr=on}}, extending into western [[Mongolia]] and eastern [[Kazakhstan]]. Formerly the term could cover a w
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  • ...tion_ref = <ref>{{cite peakbagger|pid=10690|title=Tavan Bogd Uul, Mongolia/China}}</ref> ...ef = <ref name="peaklist">[http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/china2.html "China II: Sinkiang - Xinjiang" Ultra-Prominence Page] Listed here as "Nayramadlin
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  • ...ment_type =<small>[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-Provincial Autonomous Prefecture]] |image_map = China Xinjiang Ili.svg
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  • | basin_countries = [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]] ...anguage|Siber:]] Эйәртеш/Eyärtesh) is a [[river]] in [[Russia]], [[China]], and [[Kazakhstan]]. It is the chief tributary of the [[Ob River]].
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  • ...ility of a Chinese fleet sailing from Lake Zaysan down the Irtysh and into Western Siberia. A Russian expedition visited Lake Zaysan in 1764, and concluded th ...guchak]] (1864), leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side.<ref>(See [[:File:China-Russia border - protocol of Chuguchak 1864.jpg|the map]])</ref><ref>[http:/
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  • ...y of [[Novosibirsk]], [[Russia]]; the site is close to the borders with [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Mongolia]].<ref name="nova">{{cite web Numerous comparable burials have been found in neighboring western Mongolia.
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  • ...etal Age, 220-21, figs. 74, 75. As referenced in Steppe Weapons in Ancient China and the Role of Hand-to-hand Combat. Jessica Rawson. School of Archaeology. ...rapid and massive migration westward into northeast Europe, eastward into China and southward into [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]] across a frontier of some 4
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  • ..."five saints"'') is a mountain massif in [[Mongolia]], on the border with China and Russia. Its highest peak, the [[Khüiten Peak]] (formerly also known as ...a; its northern slopes are in Russia's [[Altai Republic]], and western, in China's [[Burqin County]].
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  • | basin_countries = [[Kazakhstan]] and [[China]] ...Lang-mn|Ил}}, ''literally "Bareness"'') is a [[river]] in northwestern [[China]] and southeastern [[Kazakhstan]]. It flows from the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomou
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  • ...lley connects the southern uplands of Kazakhstan with [[arid]] northwest [[China]]. The [[Dzhungarian Gate]] is a fault-bounded valley (see vertical line on ...n eastern end of the [[Kangly|Kangar]] state, shown on Chinese maps of the Western territory.
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  • |basin_countries = [[Kazakhstan]] 85%<br />[[China]] 15% ...teorology)|precipitation]], largely vernal snowmelt, from the mountains of China's [[Xinjiang]] region.
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  • ...disappeared and the southwestern lake had retreated to a thin strip at the western edge of the former southern sea; in subsequent years, occasional water flow ...f [[Khwarezm]]. It used to be the westernmost border of [[Tang dynasty]] [[China]].
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  • ...tia]] in southern Siberia south of [[Lake Baikal]], and in the Far East of China and Russia. ...blocks until the evolution was terminated through collision with the North China and Tarim cratons in the latest Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.<ref>{{Harvnb|W
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  • ...olm, Jerrestad Mudstone), Poland (Brzezinki) and China (Katian of Jiangxi, western Zhejiang and Subei, Gansu). [[Category:Fossils of China]]
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  • * '''''L. asiaticus''''' has been found in the late Upper Cambrian of China (Kuruktagh, Xinjiang) ...'' zone) and Canada (''Phylacterus saylesi'' fauna, Shallow Bay Formation, western Newfoundland)
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  • ...Tasmania), Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories), China (Anhui), Kazakhstan, Russia (Kharaulakh), and the US (Alaska, Alabama, Neva ...rongian; Paibian, Steptoean) agnostoid arthropods from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland|journal= Journal of Paleontology|volume= 86|issue= 2|pages= 20
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  • ...asian Land Bridge]] or Second Eurasian Continental Bridge, running through China and [[Kazakhstan]]. As of November 2007, about 1% of the $600 billion in go ...on]] use a wider [[rail gauge]] than most of the rest of Europe as well as China. Recently, however, the Trans-Siberian has regained ground as a viable land
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  • [[File:Western-most end of Northern Xinjiang Railway.jpg|200 px|thumb|right|Terminus of th ...rasian Land Bridge]] rail links running through the [[People's Republic of China]]. The Eurasian Land Bridge is the overland rail link between East Asia and
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  • ...shan Corridor]] (shared with [[China]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]]) and [[Tian Shan|Western Tien-Shan]] (shared with Kyrgyzstan and [[Uzbekistan]]), were added to the | <span style="display: none;">Kaz</span>''Various, shared with''<br />{{flag|China}}<br />{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br /><small>{{coord|34|18|16|N|108|51|26|E}}</sm
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  • | Location = [[China]]<br>[[Kazakhstan]]<br>[[Tajikistan]] ...the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor''' The corridor spans [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] and includes 33 new sites and several
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  • ...regions of the Asian continent connecting the [[Eastern world|East]] and [[Western culture|West]] and stretching from the Korean peninsula<ref>{{Cite web|url= ...est in the safety of their trade products and extended the [[Great Wall of China]] to ensure the protection of the trade route.<ref>Xinru, Liu, ''The Silk R
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  • ...the helm of the USSR, Brezhnev pushed for détente between the Eastern and Western countries. At the same time he presided over the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of ...(as seen above) much lower than the official figures, and lower than some Western estimates. His estimates was widely publicised by conservative [[think tank
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  • ...archive.html Birds Mongolia.]</ref> and adjacent areas of [[Russia]] and [[China]]. Although sometimes considered a full species ''Pyrrhula cineracea'', mo ...a [[Uba River|Uba]] valley, and the [[Sayan Mountains]] (eastern Altai) of western Mongolia; in the southern Altai it breeds in the upper reaches of the [[Buk
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  • ...od, but they have become less frequent, probably due to contraction of the western Siberian range as the steppes become more agricultural. ...ast=Haw |first=Stephen G. |authorlink=Stephen G. Haw |title=Marco Polo’s China: a Venetian in the realm of Khubilai Khan |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |
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  • ...rst1=D. W. |last2=Perrins |first2=C. M. |date=1998 |title=The Birds of the Western Palearctic |edition=Concise |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Ox ...ook |author=Tso-hsin Cheng |date=1987 |title=A Synopsis of the Avifauna of China |publisher=Science Press |location=Beijing |pages=48–49 |isbn=3-490-12518
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  • ...n}}</ref> This partridge breeds on farmland across most of [[Europe]] into western [[Asia]], and has been introduced widely into [[Canada]], [[United States]] ...from the [[Ural Mountains]] to southwestern [[Siberia]] and northwestern [[China]]
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  • ...in the number of Relict Gull (''Larus relictus'') at Ebinur Lake, Western China"], ''Journal of Arid Land'', 2010, volume 2, number 2, pp 151−155, Retrie .... There is additional evidence that larger numbers may migrate to eastern China as well, but this is not verified.
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  • [[Category:Birds of Western China]] [[Category:Birds of North China]]
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  • ...ge extends from southern [[Iraq]] through [[Iran]] and [[Pakistan]] to the western [[Himalayas]] of [[Kashmir]]. A few birds reach eastern [[Arabia]]. It has * MacKinnon, John & Phillipps, Karen (2000) ''A Field Guide to the Birds of China'', Oxford University Press, Oxford
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  • ...s far as the [[Red Sea]] and [[Persian Gulf]] while others disperse into [[Western Europe]], in countries such as [[Sweden]], Norway and Denmark or the Benelu
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  • * ''turkestanica'', described by Buturlin, is found in the western range of distribution ...amirs]]. In Pakistan it occurs in northern [[Chitral]] particularly in the western part bordering [[Nuristan]] in Afghanistan, further east in valleys of [[Gi
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  • [[Category:Birds of Western China]] [[Category:Birds of North China]]
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  • ...elican]] family. It breeds from southeastern [[Europe]] to [[India]] and [[China]] in swamps and shallow lakes. The nest is a crude heap of vegetation. .../> The pelicans who breed in [[Mongolia]] winter along the east coast of [[China]], including the [[Hong Kong]] area.<ref name=Redlist/>
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  • ...7 Mya, during the [[Burdigalian|Early Miocene]], Channidae had spread into western and central Eurasia, and by 8 Mya, during the late [[Tortonian]], they coul * ''[[Channa asiatica]]'', which is native to southern China, was introduced to [[Taiwan]] and to southern [[Japan]]; the origin of and
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  • ...ed the '''spotted whip snake''', is a [[species]] of [[snake]] found in [[Western Asia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[South-central Asia|South-Central Asia]]. *[[Syria]], [[Israel]], W [[Mongolia]], NW [[China]] ([[Xinjiang]])
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  • ...from [[Russia]], east of the [[Ural Mountains|Urals]], eastwards through [[China]]. Five [[subspecies]] are currently recognized, including the [[Nominotypi ...ntains through [[Siberia]], [[Iran]], [[Mongolia]] to northern and central China, as well as the southern Ryukyu Islands of [[Japan]]. According to Gloyd an
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  • ...istan]], northwestern [[Afghanistan]], southern [[Russia]], northwestern [[China]] and [[Mongolia]]. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given by ...inghan Mountain Range and the Torey Lakes region near the common border of China, Mongolia and [[Russia]].
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  • ...ilson, Don E.|author7=Wozencraft, W. Chris|title=A Guide to the Mammals of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka-9f68nPT4C&pg=PA251 |year=2010 |pub Largely ignored in Western taxonomies of rodents, the great gerbil was recognized as a species separat
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  • ...ts of Russia, western Siberia, northern Afghanistan, Mongolia and northern China.<ref name="AG">[http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Ellobius_talpinus/
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  • ...azakhstan and northern Uzbekistan to eastern Siberia and western Xinjiang, China. Its typical habitat is sparse grassland, sloping areas in ravines, road ve
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  • ...h century. The Mongolian subspecies (''S. t. mongolica'') is found only in western Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saiga/mongolian Saiga (''Saiga tatarica'')| The Mongolian saiga (''S. t. mongolica'') is found in a small area in western Mongolia around the [[Sharga Nature Reserve|Sharga]] and [[Mankhan Nature R
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  • ...hern [[Afghanistan]], the [[Transcaspian Oblast]] and [[West China|western China]] to southern [[Siberia]]. It used to live in [[Saryesik-Atyrau Desert]] of
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  • ...)|Georgia]], Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan ...elle (''Gazella (subgutturosa) yarkandensis'') - northern and northwestern China ([[Xinjiang]], [[Qinghai]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Nei Monggol]]), Mong
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  • ...es are ~42,000 individuals for Mongolia and ~5,000 individuals in Northern China. ...ssed the greater part of Mongolia, areas of Siberia and [[Manchuria]], the western part of [[Inner Mongolia]] and the northern part of [[Xinjiang]]. Its [[Ran
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  • ...ian camels have been the focus of artwork throughout history. For example, western foreigners from the [[Tarim Basin]] and elsewhere were depicted in [[:Image [[Category:Mammals of China]]
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  • ...the Russian Federation and Mongolia, were also represented. Additionally, China and the United States were also present. Finally, a number of organizations ...Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Mongolia. China as well as a number of organizations such as [[IUCN]], [[CITES]] and [[IFAW
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  • ...[[Ciscaucasia]], western [[Siberia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Xinjiang]] China, western [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Poland]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Germany]], [[Bel
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  • ...an]], to [[Central Asia]] ([[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], etc.), and [[China]] ([[Xinjiang]] etc.). [[Category:Flora of Western Asia]]
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  • ...on bladhii'' Retz. |quote=Type-Protologue: Collector: Bladh; Distribution: China |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, ...and [[Australia]]. The [[type (biology)|type specimen]] was collected from China by Finnish botanist [[Peter Johan Bladh]].<ref name=trop2/><ref name=huh>{{
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  • ...ecklist & Addendum). In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Flora of China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.</ref [[Category:Flora of China]]
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  • ...p://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=240001019 Flora of China v 24 p 198. <big>迷人薤</big> mi ren xie ''Allium delicatulum'' ]</ref>
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  • ...]: northern and central [[Asia]] ([[Siberia]], the [[Russian Far East]], [[China]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]]), northern and eastern [[Europe]] ([[Scandinav ...ka]], [[Khabarovsk]], [[Primorye]], [[Sakhalin]]), [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Alaska]], [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (state)|Washi
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  • ...p://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250096314 Flora of China v 19 p 118, 茜砧草 qian zhen cao, ''Galium boreale'' var. ''rubioides'' [[Category:Flora of China]]
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  • ...ral Asia,<ref name="WCSP" /> China <ref name="sevin"/> and the lowlands of western [[Siberia]].<ref name="GRIN" /> ...eh Attar, Farrokh Ghahremanineja: A New Species of Tulipa (Liliaceae) from Western Iran. ''Novon'' 17/4, 2007, 438.</ref>
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  • ...INS | publisher=greentours.co.uk | accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> to [[China]] and [[Korea]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=European/><r ...s tigridia]]'' as being found in the [[Altai-Sayan region]] (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).<ref>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity
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  • ...nkiana'' |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |work=Flora of China |publisher=efloras.org |accessdate=16 March 2013}}</ref> usually in pure fo *''Picea schrenkiana'' subsp. ''tianshanica'' (Rupr.) Bykov. Western Tian Shan, in Kyrgyzstan. Leaves shorter, 1.5–2.5&nbsp;cm long.
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  • ...[[Pakistan]]), [[Kazakhstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Mongolia]], [[Tibet]] and China. It has long thin grey green leaves, long stems and 1 flower in pale violet ...to be a form of ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]''.<ref name=cassidy/> Especially in China.<ref name=efloras/>
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  • ...d June (in Central Asia)<ref name=rangelands/> or August and September (in China)<ref name=efloras/> It is leather-like, veined and has a long beak-like app ...aninii]]'', ''[[Iris loczyi]]'' and ''[[Iris lactea]]'') from [[Qinghai]], China. It showed that all the species were strongly adaptable to drought conditio
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  • ...]] republics of); [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Mongolia]] and in [[China]]. It has long greyish-green leaves, short stem and pale violet, lilac, pal ...y August (in Russia),<ref name=onego/> or between August and September (in China). It produces an ovoid or sub-globose, {{convert|3.2-4.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} lon
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  • Within temperate Asia, it is found in the Western Asia regions of [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=stolley/ It is also found in China, with the provinces of [[Gansu]] and [[Xinjiang]].<ref name=grin/>
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  • ...ngolia '''Ягаан цээнэand''' (Yagaan tseene) "pink peony", and in China '''新疆芍药''' (xin jiang shao yao), "Xinjiang peony". These plants are ...y turn vivid red.<ref name=HP /><ref name=FoC>{{cite web|website= Flora of China|title= Paeonia anomala|url= http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id
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  • ...us passes with his younger children, third wife, and trusted officers to [[China]] in 1920. One of the passes he had to pass through a red blockade by walki ...bi desert. [[Alexander Dutov]] however was assassinated when he escaped to China.
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  • '''Khasas''' were a north western tribe mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. They were probably the modern- ...were mentioned along with Chivukas and [[Himalaya Kingdom|Pulindas]] and [[China of Mahabharata|Chinas]], [[Huna Kingdom|Hunas]], [[Pahlava Kingdom|Pahlavas
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  • ..., and was bounded by the province of [[Semipalatinsk]] on the north, by [[China]] ([[Xinjiang]]) on the east and south, and by the former Russian provinces .... In the north, where the province bordered Semipalatinsk, it included the western parts of the Tarbagatai range, the summits of which (3,000 m or 10,000&nbsp
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  • ...[Russia]] annexed [[Lake Issyk Kul]] in north east [[Kyrgyzstan]] of off [[China]] in the 1860s. ...remendously during [[World War II]], with the relocation of factories from western Russia to preserve the Soviet industrial capacity from the hostile invading
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  • ...e book|author=Anthony Jerome Barbieri-Low|title=Artisans in early imperial China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6M26AAAAIAAJ&q=ZhiZhi+rival#search_an [[File:Western Regions 1st century BC(en).png|thumb|300px|Approximate location of Kangju]]
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  • |place=[[Central Asia]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[China]] ...Michal. |title=The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World |publisher=Cambridge University Press |chapter=Chapt
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  • ...oks.google.com/books?id=Nq18znjAE5YC&pg=PA139]</ref> [[Central Asia]], and Western Siberia ([[Bashkortostan]]) during the Kazakh Khanate.<ref name="google2">[ ...0nomadic%20peoples%20were%20the%20Kazakhs%20and%20the&f=false Middle East, western Asia, and northern Africa. By Ali Aldosari]</ref>
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  • ...[[Siberia]], the [[Ural Mountains|Urals]], [[Central Asia]] and [[western China]] were visiting the fair. .../> In the other two rows were merchants from Kazakhstan, Central Asia and China. They traded silks, oriental sweets, carpets, drinks, bread, [[leather]], g
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  • ...t, and messages from the Shah's ambassador at [[Zhongdu]] ([[Beijing]]) in China described the exaggerated savagery of the Mongols when they assaulted the c ...g he was making steady progress against a faltering Jin empire in northern China at that very moment.<ref name=Hildinger/>
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  • ...ribes and [[Eastern Turkic Khaganate]] (under the Göktürks). In 659, the Western Turkic Khaganate was superseded by the [[Kangar Union]]. Towards the end o ...t at roughly the same time. In turn the [[Cuman people|Cumans]] controlled western Kazakhstan from around the 12th century until the 1220s. The large central
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  • |s1 = Western Turkic Khaganate |s3 = Western Kangar State
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  • ...Eurasian nomads|nomadic]] [[Eurasian Steppe|steppe]] people mentioned in [[China|Chinese]] records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. ...“Why Tocharians?”, ''Central Asia and non-Chinese peoples of ancient China'', vol. 1. Aldershot, Hampshire; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2002,
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  • |conventional_long_name = Onoq ("Ten Arrows")<br> Western Turkic Khaganate |common_name = Western Turkic Khaganate
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  • ...Talas Valley]], the capitals are being noted as the westernmost capital of Western Turkic Khaganate.<ref name=Tong>Xue (1992), p. 284-285</ref> There was a so ...uyab.<ref>Zhongguo fu li hui, Chung-kuo fu li hui. ''China Reconstructs''. China Welfare Institute, 1989. Page 58.</ref> The Chinese traveller [[Du Huan]],
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  • ...he later [[Turkic Khaganate]] and thereafter<ref>Gumilev L.N., ''"Hunnu in China"'', Moscow, 'Science', 1974, Ch. 9, http://gumilevica.kulichki.com/HIC/hic0 ...the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] (907-960), their number in China fell down to between 50-100,000, which ruled a Chinese population of about
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  • ) was the third [[khagan]] of the [[Western Turkic Khaganate]]. He was the grandson of [[Tardu]] (575–603) and was fo Western Turkic Empire in present-day [[Turkestan]] was founded as the result of the
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  • |partof=[[Tang campaign against the Western Turks]] |combatant1=[[Tang Dynasty]]<br>Former vassals of the Western Turks
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  • |conflict=Conquest of the Western Turks |partof=the [[Tang campaigns against the Western Turks]]
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  • ...mperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]], campaigns were dispatched in the Western Regions against [[Karakhoja]] in 640, [[Karasahr]] in 644 and 648, and [[Ku ...e [[Second Turkic Khaganate|Second Turkic Empire]] defeated the fragmented Western Turks in 712, and absorbed the tribes into the new empire.
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  • ...he [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)]] between Russia and [[Qing Dynasty|China]].
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  • ...power meant the disappearance of "the last great Turkish confederation in Western Asia for more than two centuries to come" (Gibb), leaving the path open for * {{cite book | title = Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580–800
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  • ...(Turkic ''Great tribe''), a conjugal tribe of the Kagans from the Kaganate western branch, who belonged to the "celestial-blue" tribe [[Ashina]]. In the Kagan ===Western Turkic Kaganate===
    9 KB (1,385 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • |conventional_long_name = Qara Khitai<br />Western Liao |leader3 = [[Emperor Renzong of Western Liao|Renzong (Yelü Yilie)]]
    19 KB (2,720 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...y|Han]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] dynasties of [[History of China|Imperial China]]. ...e [[Pamir languages]] in [[northern India]] and Khotanese in [[Xinjiang]], China belongs to the [[Scythian languages]].<ref>Kuz'mina, Elena E. (2007). ''The
    49 KB (7,443 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • | Altay, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Mongolia, Northern China | [[Western Turkic Khaganate]]
    2 KB (243 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...s in Africa |publisher=Transoxiana.com.ar |accessdate=2013-12-16}}</ref> [[China]] and [[India]].<ref>Sarfaraz, pp. 329–330</ref> It played a prominent ro ...ollowing the death of the Parthian ruler, Ardashir I went on to invade the western provinces of the now defunct Parthian Empire.<ref>{{harvnb|Farrokh|2007|p=1
    153 KB (23,195 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...crossing the Caspian Sea. In 1873 they conquered Khiva. In 1881 they took western Turkmenistan. In 1884 the Merv oasis and eastern Turkmenistan were taken. I ...er Peter the Great. Some time before 1714<ref>Mark Mancall, ‘Russia and China: Their Diplomatic Relations to 1728”, 1971, is the best source for this a
    50 KB (7,657 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...urg]], [[Russia]], on 12 (24) February 1881. It provided for the return to China of the eastern part of the [[Ili River|Ili]] Basin region, also known as [[ ...d of the Kulja territory and passes over the mountains to the Tarim Basin. China would pay 5 million rubles and various trade concessions were made. In Janu
    15 KB (2,198 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...ink=no|Русский Туркестан}}, ''Russkiy Turkestan'') was the western part of [[Turkestan]] within the [[Russian Empire]] (administered as a [[Kr ...s/item/13325-commemorating-the-1916-massacres-in-kyrgyzstan?-russia-sees-a-western-plot.html |magazine=The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst |location= |publisher
    16 KB (2,098 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...major proportion of [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]], was first proposed to a Western public by [[Ernest Renan]] in 1883.<ref>{{harvnb|Barkun|1997|p=137}}: Ernes [[Léon Poliakov]], while assuming the Jews of Western Europe resulted from a "panmixia" in the first millennium, asserted in 1955
    84 KB (11,940 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...e [[Silk Road]] and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between [[China]], the [[Middle East]] and [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>{{harvnb|Noonan|1999|p=493} ...rly as the 4th century CE and are recorded by [[Priscus]] to reside in the Western Eurasian steppelands as early as 463.<ref>{{harvnb|Golden|2007a|p=14}}</ref
    176 KB (25,696 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • |region1 = {{flagcountry|China}} ...rkic%20naimans&f=false">{{cite book|last1=Frederick W. Mote|title=Imperial China 900-1800|date=2003|page=407}}</ref>
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  • *the [[Western Climate Initiative]] (WCI), which is planned to start in 2012. This is a co .... By 2012, the largest potential for production of CERs are estimated in [[China]] (52% of total CERs) and India (16%). CERs produced in Latin America and t
    151 KB (20,978 words) - 22:36, 27 April 2017
  • ..." foreign policy, i.e. a triangulation between the major powers of Russia, China and the US.<ref>http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/ ...velop economic and politic al cooperation">{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan and China develop economic and politic al cooperation|url=http://www.inform.kz/rus/ar
    65 KB (9,013 words) - 22:37, 27 April 2017
  • ...med by the United States and [[Kuomintang]] China and repatriated in 1946. Western Allies had taken 35,000 Japanese prisoners between December 1941 and 15 Aug | 971 transferred to [[People's Republic of China|PRC]]
    15 KB (2,108 words) - 22:38, 27 April 2017
  • ...actively sought to form "collective security" alliances with Anti-fascist western powers such as France and Britain. Unable to do so, the USSR eventually sig ...ineffective in responding to the growing criticism of the Soviet Union by Western leaders, most prominently by US Presidents [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Ronald Re
    113 KB (16,449 words) - 22:38, 27 April 2017

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