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...Farabi]] was born, and Aristan-Bab, an important representative of Islamic culture and teacher of [[Ahmed Yesevi|Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]], preached here. ...and animals. Otrar is mentioned in numerous sources such as medieval Arab, Persian and Turkic authors. These sources refer to it as one of the [[Zhetysu]] (Se

...rkestan, Kazakhstan.jpg|thumbnail|262px|Backside view of mausoleum where [[Persian miniature painting]] can be best observed.]] Khoja Ahmed Yasawi (Khawaja or Khwaja (Persian: خواجه pronounced khâje) corresponds to "master", whence Arabic: خو

|[[Persian people|Persians]] ...>{{cite web|title=Dagestan marks Nowruz|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/culture/52840.html|accessdate=21 March 2015}}</ref>

...play.asp?eventid=189|accessdate=April 26, 2008|publisher=Festival of World Culture|work=Event Listings|title=Rhythms of Uzbekistan: Featuring Shod & Lyazgi |a Persian script:

...s|Cossack]]" is of the same origin.<ref name=etym/> The [[Persian language|Persian]] suffix ''[[-stan]]'' means "land" or "place of", so ''Kazakhstan'' can be ...ed by the mid-16th century with the appearance of the [[Kazakh language]], culture, and economy.

...ssolved in water is a primary ingredient of ''[[qurutob]],'' a traditional Persian dish in [[Tajik cuisine|Tajik]], [[Afghan cuisine|Afghan]] and [[Iranian cu ...y Persian book of poetry ''[[Shahnameh]]''. ''Khoshk'' ([[Persian language|Persian]] : خشک meaning "dry") which indicates that the kashk or kishk is prepa

...hMI7vG8tNePyQIVhi4PCh2d4w_U#v=onepage&q=Dastarkhan%20turkic&f=false ''Food Culture in Russia and Central Asia''] Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 jan. 2005 ISBN ...hMI7vG8tNePyQIVhi4PCh2d4w_U#v=onepage&q=Dastarkhan%20turkic&f=false ''Food Culture in Russia and Central Asia''] Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 jan. 2005 ISBN

...l speech is pronounced similar to Қ. The letter Һ is used only in Arabic-Persian borrowings and is often pronounced like an unvoiced Х.{{clarify|date=Novem ...m, December 13, 2007]</ref> However, on January 30, 2015, the Minister of Culture and Sports Arystanbek Mukhamediuly announced that a transition plan was und

...therwise give a sense of how the applicant would likely mesh with the DMOZ culture and mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/apply.cgi |titl [[Category:Persian-language websites]]

...ournal|last1=Bokhary|first1=F.|last2=Kelly|first2=Emma|title=Child Rights, Culture and Exploitation: UK Experiences of Child Trafficking|journal=Child Slavery ...nline.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Serv=19&Id=16270|website=Ghanoon Online (in Persian)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213111337/http://www.ghanoonon

British and Persian forces briefly tried to reach [[Baku]] in [[Azerbaijan]] and the Turkmen po ...of life. Industry, and especially mining, developed. Russian and European culture began to influence Kazakh society.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Asia|url=ht

...tted a squad of eight thousand dzhigits and Khorasan was taken.<ref>In the Persian manuscript of the "Tarikh-Safavi" revealed new information about the "king ...on 96 [[Cossack]]s were captured by Kazakhs.<ref>Formation of a Borderland Culture: Myths and Realities of Cossack-Kazakh By Yuriy Anatolyevich Malikov [https

...igin and ever since in common use in Turkish."</ref> a cognate of [[Middle Persian]] ''baγ'' (as used by the rulers of the [[Sassanid Empire]]), as well as [ ...er 5, 2013 |title=The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfyzAAAAQBAJ |location= |publisher=[

whose origin is Iranian (in [[Persian language|Persian]]: ''suy'' means "toward"+ ''ab'' for "water", "rivers").<ref>[http://www.t ...covers some 30 [[hectare]]s. As a testimony to Suyab's diverse and vibrant culture, the site encompasses remains of Chinese fortifications, Christian churches

...ian territory and most significantly a revived Iranian national spirit and culture in an Islamic form.<ref>The Middle East: 2,000 Years of History from the Ri ...[Tahirid dynasty]]''', (Persian: سلسله طاهریان) was an Iranian Persian dynasty that ruled over the northeastern part of [[Greater Iran]], in the r

...an Sea Central Asia.jpg|1]].</ref>}} was the term used in [[Middle Persian|Persian]] and [[Sanskrit]] sources for the [[Scythians]], a large group of [[Easter ...PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire |first= Pierre |last=Briant |page=173 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |date=2

...𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩}} ({{transl|pal|ʾylʾnštry}})<br />[[Modern Persian]]: {{lang|fa|ایرانشهر}}</ref><ref name=wiesehofer /> |event1 = [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628|Climactic Roman–Persian War of 602-628]]

...Wexler]].<ref>Batya Ungar-Sargon [http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/176580/yiddishland 'The Mystery of the Origins of Yiddish Will Never ...tps://books.google.com/books?id=czysAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA213 ''Science in Russian Culture: A History to 1860,]'' Stanford University Press, vol.1 1963 p.213.</ref><r

...after serving as Byzantium's proxy against the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian Persian empire]]. The alliance was dropped around 900. Byzantium began to encourage ...71.</ref> [[András Róna-Tas]] connects it with ''Kesar'', the [[Middle Persian|Pahlavi]] transcription of the [[Caesar (title)|Roman title Caesar]].<ref>{

In 1934 he received his MA in "Culture of [[Islam]]"<ref>''Davar'' daily newspaper - "Confirmation Celebration at ...-112; June–July 1941, pp. 160-180|pages=|via=}}</ref> Up until then, the culture of the Khazars was outside the scope of Polak's research but evidently, thi

In some languages (Russian, Polish, Persian), the word is also used for [[hubcap]] (for a car wheel's hub; see also the [[Category:Ethnic Kyrgyz culture]]

...e link potentially enables rail freight from China to reach ports on the [[Persian Gulf]] and via other train lines, to reach into the [[Caucasus]] and [[Turk ...y; Trans-Asian railway in the north-south corridor; Northern Europe to the Persian Gulf

...ite book| last= Elisseeff|first= Vadime|title= The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce|publisher= UNESCO Publishing / Berghahn Books|year=2001|isbn= ...nese]], [[Arab people|Arabs]], [[Turkish people|Turkmens]], [[India]]ns, [[Persian people|Persians]], [[Somali people|Somalis]], [[Greeks]], [[Syrians]], [[Ro

...otect". In Middle Persian, ''Harā Barazaitī'' became ''Harborz'', Modern Persian ''Alborz'', which is a [[cognate]] with [[Mount Elbrus|Elbrus]], the highes ...ed fox]], [[Persian fallow deer]], [[wild boar]], [[Syrian brown bear]], [[Persian leopard]], [[Indian wolf]], [[buzzard]], [[goose]], [[woodpecker]], [[griff

...to other cities within Iran and also exported throughout the world (See [[Persian rugs]]). The Turkman cushions and carpets are famous for their ancient patt ==Culture==

This word In Pahlavi language means Anzalag and the variant Persian form of it is Anzalazh. Anzali Gulf was a safe harbour for trade ships and ...or the establishment of the short-lived Persian Socialist Republic and the Persian Communist Party. Soviet authorities denied responsibility for the attack, b

...Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& ...[Sassanid]] dynasty of Persia<!-- Do not link to the disambiguation page, "Persian Empire"; link to a specific iteration of this topic -->, but Derbent was pr

...ban structure, lies on the northern slope of the [[Alborz]] mountains. Its culture and climatic favorable condition have made Lahijan a major tourist hub in n ...ashi who is an Iranian expert in ancient languages says that in the Middle Persian Language; ''Lah'' refers to silk, and in Decisive Argument; ''Lah'' means t

The old form of the name was "Langarkanan" that in [[Persian language|Persian]] means "the place of pulling up the anchor(s)" : "Langar" ({{Lang-fa|'''ل ...through the next and final war, the [[Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)|Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828]],<ref name=history /> Qajar Iran was now forced to irrevo

...[Russian Empire|Russians]] due to the [[Russo-Persian War, 1722-1723|Russo-Persian War]]. *1920–1921: The short-lived [[Persian Soviet Socialist Republic]] was established with its capital in Rasht.

...n}}</ref> Sari may be synonymous with the city of [[Hyrcania|Zadracarta]] (Persian: ''Sadrakarta'') mentioned by Ancient Greek sources as early as the 6th cen ==People and culture==

==Culture and Industry== ...was home the [[Shamoushak Noshahr F.C.|Shamoushak]] who competed in the [[Persian Gulf Pro League]] from 2003 to 2006. The team became known for its passiona

..., ''Bakukh'', ''Bakuya'', and ''Bakuye'', all of which seem to come from a Persian name. ...[Nader Shah]]. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, the semi-independent Persian-ruled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-129462/Azerba

...ot in the Urals or Tibet." Ildikó Lehtinen, ''Traces of the Central Asian culture in the North: Finnish-Soviet Joint Scientific Symposium held in Hanasaari, ...ot in the Urals or Tibet." Ildikó Lehtinen, ''Traces of the Central Asian culture in the North: Finnish-Soviet Joint Scientific Symposium held in Hanasaari,

...ماتی}} in [[Ottoman turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] written with the [[Perso-Arabic script]]. During the [[Middle Ages]] (8–10th centuries), a city culture developed in Almaty. There was a transition to a settled way of living, the

...an Empire]]. It owes its long history of habitation to a mixing of Persian culture and science with the native Turkic/Mongol tribal clans. South Kazakhstan Re ...ane]]) to increase his standing among the area. The mausoleum was built by Persian masters, though it was left unfinished with the death of Tamerlane. The ori

...man's stay." {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Remnants of material culture that were found during excavation of Taraz speak about the lifestyle in thi ...the [[Muhan Khan]] arrived in Taraz at the court of Istemi [[Yabgu]]. The Persian ambassador also appeared at the court of the Turkic Kagan at the same time,

...ky. He [[rhetoric]]ally asked, "Why should I reject Russian blood, Russian culture, Russian land, and fall in love with the Jewish people only because of that ...m he supported strongly. The friendship dated from at least the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] in 1991, during which time Zhirinovsky sent several armed volunt

...ongol]] tribes united to establish the [[Kazakh Khanate]]. With a cohesive culture and a national identity, they constituted absolute majority on the land unt |Persian

...enturies. [[Joseph Fletcher (historian)|Joseph Fletcher]] cites Turkic and Persian manuscripts related to the preaching of the 17th century [[Kashgar]]ian [[S ...nicity outside China, yet they have close relations with the Hui people in culture, ethnic characteristics and ethnic identity."

...van association, which runs a Sunday school teaching Armenian language and culture to the community's children.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.publish.diaspora ...0% could speak [[Russian language|Russian]], and 14.8% could speak [[Tajik Persian|Tajik]]. According to interviews with community members, the first Armenian

...uropean languages from [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] (''tātār'', "mounted messenger"). From the beginning, the extra ''r'' The Persian word is first recorded in the 13th century in reference to the hordes of [[

...of Chechnya was dominated by the [[Khazars]] and then the [[Alans]]. Local culture was also subject to [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Kingdom of Georgia ...ories for several years. Notable in Chechen history, this particular Russo-Persian War marked the first military encounter between Imperial Russia and the [[V

...e-shift from [[Middle Iranian languages|Middle Iranian]] to Turkic and New Persian was predominantly the result of an ''elite dominance'' process.<ref>A. H. N ...and phonetical features of the Uzbek language as well as the modern Uzbek culture reflect the more ancient Iranian roots of the Uzbek people.<ref name="Irani

...bn=978-90-04-28529-3|pages=385–}}</ref> Europeans communicated to him in Persian.<ref name="Rossabi2014 3">{{cite book|author=Morris Rossabi|title=From Yuan ...of the Crusading period, through the eyes of an observant outsider from a culture thousands of miles away.

...en to the region by the Qing, since it had distinct geography, history and culture, while at the same time it was created by the Chinese, multicultural, settl ...ast of the Yuezhi, is another example, yet skeletal remains from the Ordos culture found have been predominantly [[Mongoloid]]. By the time the [[Han dynasty]

...speakers]] of the region to create a distinct identity as the language and culture of the Turkic migrants eventually supplanted the original Indo-European inf ...to the original culture of the original Uyghur Karakorum state than is the culture of the modern Uyghur people of Xinjiang.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.

...eak [[Bukhori]], a dialect of [[Tajik Language|Tajik]] ([[Persian language|Persian]]). Their name comes from the former Central Asian [[Emirate of Bukhara]], ...s are reported in the press," contrary to incorrect perceptions in popular culture caused by the country's fictional portrayal in the 2006 film ''[[Borat]]''

...d other [[Central Asia]]n countries. Suzani is from the [[Persian language|Persian]] سوزن ''Suzan'' which means [[Sewing needle|needle]]. The art of makin [[Category:Kazakhstani culture]]

'''Buzkashi''' (literally "goat pulling" in [[Persian language|Persian]]), (similar games are known as '''kokpar''',<ref>[http://www.independent. ==In popular culture==