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...s]]. Archaeological research has provided information about the appearance of the town and confirmed the date, but also points to earlier origins. ...Modin, I.N. (2012). "Early medieval urbanization and state formation east of the Aral Sea: Fieldwork and international workshop 2011 in Kazakhstan". ''T

|order = Prime Minister of ...{cite web|publisher=The School of Russian and Asian Studies|title=The rise of Alash Orda and Kazakh nationalism|author=David Galick|url=http://www.sras.o

...munitetibektashi.org">{{cite web | author= | title= The World Headquarters of the Bektashi Order&nbsp;– Tirana, Albania | publisher= komunitetibektashi ...sion.gov.iq/usan/en/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=6168|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)]]|access-date=18 April 2012}}</ref><br>

part of the set of 700+ outlines listed at a special type of list article.

{{For|the Kazakh television station of the same name|Kazakhstan (channel)}} |conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Republic of Kazakhstan}}

| parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|192]]<ref>http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/st | depositor =[[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]

[[File:Renat map.jpg|thumb|A map of the [[Zunghar Khanate]] by a [[Johan Gustaf Renat|Swedish officer]] in capt ...ame of a part of [[Central Asia]], corresponding to the South-Eastern part of modern [[Kazakhstan]]. It owes its name, meaning "seven rivers" (literally

...''Wusun''' ({{zh|c=烏孫|p=Wūsūn|w=Wū-sūn|l=grandchildren/descendents of the [[Corvus (genus)|crow/raven]]}}) were an [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-Eu ...the Ili Valley and settled the area. They subsequently became close allies of the [[Han dynasty]] and a powerful force in the region for several centurie

|event_start = [[Battle of Hormozdgān]] ...t1 = [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628|Climactic Roman–Persian War of 602-628]]

|conflict = Russian conquest of Central Asia |place = [[Central Asia]]

*Kingdom of Khazaria |continent = Asia

|office = [[Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] ...fairs of the Russian Federation|Russian Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]

| image = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg ...equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?

[[Image:AltynEmeil.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The steppes of Eastern Kazakhstan in Altyn Emeil National Park]] ...]] and to the west of the [[Emin Valley steppe]], with which it forms part of the [[Eurasian steppe]]. Before the mid-nineteenth century it was called th

...|Palearctic]] temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands [[ecoregion]] of the [[temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]] [[biome]]. ...uer lands in the settled regions of [[Europe]] and in western and southern Asia.

| image = The book of antelopes (1894) Saiga tatarica.png | range_map_caption = Reconstructed range (white) and current distribution of the two subspecies ''Saiga tatarica tatarica'' (green) and ''S. t. mongolic

...]. As of November 2007, about 1% of the $600 billion in goods shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delivered by inland transport routes.<ref>Berk.</r ...e former [[Soviet Union]] use a wider [[rail gauge]] than most of the rest of Europe as well as China. Recently, however, the Trans-Siberian has regained

...way]] at [[Alataw Pass]], where the Chinese rail system connects with that of [[Kazakhstan]] at [[Dostyk]]. From Kazakhstan, rail links extend into Russ ...f China]]. The Eurasian Land Bridge is the overland rail link between East Asia and Europe.

...ksu, and the mountain chain Zhabagly which is located in the northern part of the area. == Geography ==

{{About|the series of trade routes|other uses|Silk Road (disambiguation)}} | map_alt = Map of Eurasia with drawn lines for overland and maritime routes

...nundated.<ref>The dynamics of landscape components and inner marine basins of Northern Eurasia over the past 130,000 years. Edited by A.A. Svitoch. GEOS. =={{anchor|History of investigation}}Research history==

| map_caption = Location of Mozdok–Makhachkala–Kazi Magomed pipeline ...[[Baku]] with the ''Novo Filya'' gas metering utility on the Russian side of the Azerbaijan-[[Russia]] border.<ref name="Vesti Kavkaza">

|islands = [[:Category:Islands of the Caspian Sea|26+]] |islands_category = Islands of the Caspian Sea

:''"Chui River" and "Chuy River" redirect here. For the river of Anhui see [[Chu River (Anhui)]]. For the South American Chuí or Chuy River <!-- *** Geography *** -->

...]] in [[Russia]], [[China]], and [[Kazakhstan]]. It is the chief tributary of the [[Ob River]]. ...he [[Altai Mountains|Mongolian Altai]] in [[Dzungaria]] (the northern part of [[Xinjiang]], China) close to the border with [[Mongolia]].

[[File:Lakebalkhashbasinmap.png|thumb|Map of the [[Lake Balkhash]] [[drainage basin]] (Ayaugz is spelled Ayakoz with two ...iver''', also spelled '''Ayoguz''', is a river in [[Kazakhstan]]. The city of [[Ayagoz]] in Eastern Kazakhstan is located on its bank. There no longer mu

{{Other uses of}} |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Derbent (Dagestan) (2014).jpg

|nickname = [[City of Winds]] rect 0 0 1200 441 [[Ismailiyya building|Details of the façade of Dede Qorqut on the Ismailiyya building]]

...a record of geodynamic processes during one of the most important episodes of [[continent]]al growth in [[Phanerozoic]] time. ...uratia]] in southern Siberia south of [[Lake Baikal]], and in the Far East of China and Russia.

|caption_bathymetry = Map of the Lake Balkhash drainage basin ...(meteorology)|precipitation]], largely vernal snowmelt, from the mountains of China's [[Xinjiang]] region.

|location = [[Kazakhstan]] - [[Uzbekistan]],<br>[[Central Asia]] ....jpg|thumb|right|The map of 'Aral' Sea of 1853 published for the ''Journal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]'' in London]]

| photo_caption = Satellite photograph of the Dzungarian Gate, the pale, [[fault-line]]d valley running between [[Lak | map_caption = The Dzungarian Gate in Kazakhstan on the border of China.

...proximately from north to south through [[western Russia]], from the coast of the [[Arctic Ocean]] to the [[Ural River]] and northwestern [[Kazakhstan]]. ...Island]] and the islands of [[Novaya Zemlya]] form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean.

[[File:UralMountains1.png|thumb|upright|Map of the Ural mountains.]] ...zi German leadership made many references to them as a strategic objective of the Third Reich to follow a decisive victory on the [[Eastern Front (World

...volcanics as well as the sediments of the western continental margin zones of the Siberian craton ([[Angara Plate]]) on the north and the [[Kazakhstania| ...London, Memoirs'', 32, 83–95.</ref><ref>Victor N. Puchkov. The evolution of the Uralian orogen. ''Geological Society, London, Special Publications'', 2

| image1 = Map of Russia - Urals Federal District.svg ...rmer is a political product; the District omits Western Urals and includes Western Siberia instead.

{{About|the mountain|district of Ürümqi|Tianshan District}} | designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2013 (37th session)|2013]] <small>(37th [[World Heritage Commit

|piccap=Map of the Altai mountain range ...99° E, where it gradually becomes lower and merges into the high plateau of the [[Gobi Desert]].

[[File:Tianshan tianchi.jpg|thumb|[[Heaven Lake of Tian Shan]]]] ...th, it covers approximately {{convert|777000|km2|abbr=on}}, extending into western [[Mongolia]] and eastern [[Kazakhstan]]. Formerly the term could cover a w

<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> ...tlement_type =<small>[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-Provincial Autonomous Prefec

| image_shield = Coat of arms of Atyrau.svg | population_footnotes = <ref>Agency of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan: [http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/2012/2013/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D

| image_skyline = Steppe of western Kazakhstan in the early spring.jpg | image_shield = Coat of Arms Batys Oblysy.png

...rian-era]] explorer of [[Inner Asia]], and was the first to catalogue many of the area's native plants. On home soil, Potanin was an author and a politic ...to five years, and during those five years he wrote a book on the history of Siberia.<ref name = "ref1" />

| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]

|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]

|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]

...of the First President; Nur Ghasyr Mosque at night; Fountains in the Park of the First President; St. Nicolas Cathedral. |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]

|image_flag = Flag of the Eurasian Economic Union.svg |image_symbol = Emblem of the Eurasian Economic Union.svg

...mi|abbr=on}}. The population density is low in Kazakhstan, and the centers of industry and agriculture are spread out and remote from world markets. Ther ...o the U.S., Kairat Umarov, Kazakhstan invested $18 billion in construction of airports, highways, and railroads in 2014.<ref name="cftni"/>

...f name="census">[http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=17 Russian Census of 2002] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006000000/http://w ...www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=11317&rog3=KZ |title=Chechen of Kazakhstan Ethnic People Profile |publisher=Joshuaproject.net |date=1991-10