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...publisher= komunitetibektashi.org | url=http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1 ...arsi]]s)<ref name="www.iranicaonline.org">{{cite web|title=Nowruz observed in Indian subcontinent|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nowruz-ii/|pu

...than [[Western Europe]]). It is bordered by [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The country als ...khstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population dens

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

{{about||the city in Iran|Shal|the village in Iran|Chal, Zanjan}} | country = [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Kazakhstan]]

...caviar comes from the critically endangered [[beluga sturgeon]] that swims in the Caspian Sea]] ...od or have the consistency of fresh caviar, and caviar lovers avoid it." ( in Judith C. Sutton, ''Champagne & Caviar & Other Delicacies'', New York, Blac

...transl|ru|''Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza''}}), abbreviated in English as '''CPSU''',{{efn|Sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist P ...rty]]), a revolutionary group led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which seized power in the aftermath of the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. The party was dissolve

...e convention (number C138 of ILO) replaces several similar ILO conventions in specific fields of labour. ...only possible after [[tripartite consultation]]s (if such a system exists in the ratifying country).

|prev= [[Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery (Agriculture) Convention, 1951]] |next= [[Holidays with Pay (Agriculture) Convention, 1952]]

|prev= [[Safety and Health in Agriculture Convention, 2001]] It was established in 1958, with the preamble stating:

...4. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous [[Human impact on th ...l., "International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments."] Chapter 13 in: ''Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Worki

...Europe and Central Asia. The EU has begun applying Aarhus-type principles in its legislation, notably the [[Water Framework Directive]] (Directive 2000/ ...garding access to information, public participation and access to justice, in governmental decision-making processes on matters concerning the local, nat

...ence of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity in October in [[Nagoya]], Japan, the Nagoya Protocol was adopted.<ref name=autogenerated1 ...Programme]] (UNEP) Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Biological Diversity in November 1988. The subsequent year, the Ad Hoc Working Group of Technical a

* {{flag|Turkmenistan}} ...he MoU covers five range States (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), all of which have signed. A number of cooperating organiza

#REDIRECT [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Food and Agriculture Organization Constitution}}

...o choose from these classes as appropriate. Since the system is recognized in numerous countries, this makes applying for trademarks internationally a mo This treaty, consummated on 15 June 1957 in Nice, France, is called the "Nice Agreement Concerning the International Cl

...cal trouble shooting, negotiating and generic problem solving capability)] in Gesellschaftliche Komplexität und kollektive Handlungsfähigkeit (Societys ...ist of treaties by number of parties|first universally ratified treaties]] in United Nations history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/Documents.Mu

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

...through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s. [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|right|250px|thumb|Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922 with the Turkestan ASSR and the Kyrgyz ASSR]]

...est of the Islamic states. The Mongol expansion would ultimately culminate in the conquest of virtually all of [[Asia]] (as well as [[Mongol invasion of ...ess than a year later, when a Mongol caravan and its envoys were massacred in the Khwarezmian city of [[Otrar]].

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...(plant)|Iris]]'', in the subgenus ''[[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]'' and in the ''[[Iris series Tenuifoliae|Tenuifoliae series]]'' of the species. It i ...[[Uzbekistan]]. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2-3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

...mental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several [[subspecies]]; ''[[Iris spuria subsp. carthalin ...er= botany.cz |accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref> that is about 2&nbsp;cm in diameter,<ref name=isles>A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin and D. M. Moore {{Googl

...ning, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. It has greyish-green, (falcate) curved leaves, that are covered in very small hairs.<ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=british/><ref name=americ

...l plant|perennial]], from the deserts of [[Kazakhstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. They have grass-like leaves, lilac-violet or blue-pur It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions

..., chocolate brown or dark purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. <!-- 40-60cm mentioned in <ref name=European/><ref name=bricknell/><ref name=flowerlib/><ref name=alp

...dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. There are two subspecies, [[Iris acuti ...ireAustin/>{{rp|191}} The leaves begin to grow in the late autumn and stop in the summer.<ref name=calc/>

...n, P. P. (1988). Disiccation of the Aral Sea: A Water Management Disaster in the Soviet Union. Science. 241(4870), 1172 & 1175.</ref> There is no doubt that the shrinking of the Aral Sea has resulted in health problems for the local community. However, there is debate as to wh

== Main waste management sectors in [[Kazakhstan]] == Almost one third of industrial waste in the country is accumulated in [[Karaganda Region|Karaganda region]] - more than 8.5 billion tons by the e

...|20|cm|0|abbr=on}}. Their [[skull]]s are distinctive by having two grooves in each [[incisor]]. They have large front claws used for burrowing.<ref name= ...cognized as a species separate from the [[Mongolian gerbil|common gerbil]] in the 1960s, after the work of the American zoologist Sarah Cheeseman, primar

The '''great jerboa''' (''Allactaga major'') is a species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Dipodidae]]. ...ussia]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. It mainly lives in deserts.

...itation no more than 400&nbsp;mm (in the western section) and 200&nbsp;mm (in the eastern section).<ref name=krymov>Ivan Krymov, [http://www.morvesti.ru/ ...olga-Chogray Canal across Kalmykia. Construction of this canal was started in the late Soviet era, but later abandoned. This time, it is proposed to redu

'''Port of Baku''' is a [[sea port]] located in the [[Bay of Baku]], on the coast of city of [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]. The ...o Azerbaijan. The port operates non-stop and is an important transit point in Europe-Asia trade promoted within [[TRACECA]] - RESTORATION OF THE HISTORIC

...lack Sea|Black]] and [[Caspian Sea]]s to improve the transport performance in the Caspian region, including southern Russia. ...nd Caspian Seas was approved in May 1932, and construction began that year in the West Manych River valley. The shipping route was divided into three se

|basin_countries = [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], [[Turkmenistan]] ..., [[Makhachkala]] (Russia), [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Türkmenbaşy]] (Turkmenistan) (''see [[#Cities near the Caspian Sea|article]]'')

|caption=The Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right) |basin_countries = [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]]<ref name=aral.unece.org/>

...Asian states, or about twice the size of [[Alaska]]. The country borders [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], and [[Kyrgyzstan]] to the south; [[Russia]] to the north [[Image:Astana-steppe-7748.jpg|thumb|left|In the [[steppe]]s of Central Asia ([[Aqmola Province]])]]

...istan}} |{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}} |{{flagcountry|Turkey}}| {{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}} |{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}} | |{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Turkmenistan manat|Manat]]&nbsp;{{nowrap|([[ISO 4217|TMT]])}}

...n/|accessdate=5 August 2015|publisher=Russia Today}}</ref> It participated in the EAEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding state.<ref name=F ...Minister Vladimir Putin "A new integration project for Eurasia: The future in the making"|url=http://www.russianmission.eu/en/news/article-prime-minister

{{For|transport in the Soviet Union|Transport in the Soviet Union}} ...emote from world markets. Therefore, the need for efficient transportation in Kazakhstan is great.

|region7={{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}} ...ine]]. These communities can be traced back to the Koreans who were living in the [[Russian Far East]] during the late 19th century.

...s''': [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Turkmenistan]], were mainly settled there during the Soviet era for various reasons. ...trading privileges.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zenian|first=David|title=Armenians in Central Asia|url=http://www.agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=52|acces

...s a related ethnic group also called ''Gagavuz'' (or ''[[Gajal]]'') living in the European part of northwestern [[Turkey]]. ...ic group)|Macedonians]], [[Serbs]] and other Balkan populations, resulting in a high genetic distance from the [[Turkish people]] and other [[Turkic peop

...ics/conflict/baylis_strategy3e/01student/cases/chechnya.pdf |title=The War in Chechnya |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-02-04}}</ref> to 2 million<ref ...sg.harvard.edu/publication/12785/chechens_in_the_middle_east.html Chechens in the Middle East: Between Original and Host Cultures], Event Report, Caspian

...OC/news/ntc63970.htm | title=Kazakhstan becoming pillar of energy security in Asia and Europe | publisher=Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections | date=13 Sep ...ions trading|emissions system]] to cap emissions from its biggest emitters in the energy, coal, oil and gas extraction sectors.<ref name=EBRD>{{cite web|

...en to southeastern [[Russia]] by migrating [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyk tribes]] in the early 17th century. ...pastures.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ah759e/AH759E08.htm Food and Agriculture Organisation genetic resources study]</ref>

...cularly in combination with [[hammer and sickle]]. It has been widely used in [[flag]]s, [[Nation state|state]] [[emblem]]s, [[monument]]s, [[Ornament (a ...ommunism: the [[youth]], the military, the [[industrial labour]]ers, the [[agriculture|agricultural]] workers or [[peasant]]ry and the [[intelligentsia]].

...s based on the coat of arms of the [[Soviet Union]]. It shows symbols of [[agriculture]] ([[cotton]], [[wheat]] and [[grape]]s) and [[heavy industry]] ([[oil derr