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From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

  • ...zi Jews]] were living in the Kyrgyz area before the 20th century. During [[World War II]] many Jews fled from the European parts of the Soviet Union to cent === After World War I ===
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  • ...kevich.shtml|title=Wealthy Kazakh businessman looks to make mark on Jewish world|work=www.ncsj.org| publisher=''[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]''|accessdate=2 ...a]], and [[gas]] operations in Kazakhstan (some of the largest ones in the world).<ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2002|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business
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  • ...xander Samsonov]] (1859–1914), a [[Russian military]] commander during [[World War I]]) was against of Mustafa’s [[gold]] and insisted another student s In the midst of heavy the First World War June 25, 1916, Tsar Nicholas II issued a decree "On the requisition of
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  • | associations = [[Lutheran World Federation|LWF]], [[Conference of European Churches|CCE]] ...EN.pdf The Lutheran World Federation – 2013 Membership Figures] Lutheran World</ref> in more than 400 congregations<ref name='ELCA-ELCROS'>{{cite web | ur
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  • ...v/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html Kazakhstan] CIA The World Factbook</ref> [[Methodists]], [[Mennonites]], and [[Mormons]] have also re ...ncyclopedia showing the Naiman people living north of [[Lake Balkhash]] in eastern Kazakhstan]]
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  • ...rld City]] with a "Beta -" classification according to [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|GaWC]].<ref>[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t ...of workers and industries from European areas of the Soviet Union during [[World War II]], the city has a high proportion of ethnic [[Russians]] and [[Ukrai
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  • ...ors in Kazakhstan. Ibragimov has been ranked #382 on [[Forbes]]’ list of world billionaires. ...in Kazakhstan and Africa, having acquired numerous mining operations in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Africa]]. In 2009, ENRC generated a $1,462 million profit o
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  • ...its in Kazakhstan and Africa after acquiring numerous mining operations in Eastern Europe and Africa. In November 2013, in collaboration with the Kazakh gover ===Forbes ranking of the richest people in the world===
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  • ...eb|title=FEZ "Khorgos Eastern Gate" - a perspective distribution center of world level|url=http://www.railways.kz/en/node/9930|publisher=Temir Zholy}}</ref> ===Khorgos-Eastern Gate===
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  • ...after EU lifts safety ban|first= Kurt|last= Hofmann|work= [[Air Transport World]]|date= 11 April 2014|url= http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/air-astana- ...isted in the top 20 most profitable airlines in terms of net margin in the world for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, according to Airline Business and Air F
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  • ...[Merrill Lynch]] and [[Credit Suisse]], working with companies in the CIS, Eastern Europe, Turkey and North Africa. He started his career as a CPA, and has a * December 2008 - Eurasian Bank and [[Visa International|Visa]] presented world's first exclusive card with diamond and gold ornaments - VISA Infinite Eura
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  • ...ov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html Kazakhstan]. ''CIA World Factbook''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kz |title=Agency of St ...khovich|first=Yuri|date=27 September 2006|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1539999,00.html|title=Kazakhstan Comes on Strong|work=Time|a
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  • ...y then ENRC was "the world's sixth largest iron ore exporter by volume and world's fifth largest supplier of traded alumina by volume. CAMEC's [[Mukondo Mine]] may be the richest cobalt reserve in the world. Copper from Mukondo is refined at the [[Luita]] plant, with planned capaci
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  • '''Vostochny (from Russian language: "Eastern") Coal Mine''' is a [[coal mining]] company located in [[Ekibastuz]], [[Kaz The Vostochny Mine is a unique coal mine. For the first time in world practice streaming technology of coal with conveyor transportation to the s
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  • ...nd [[Korolevskoye Field|Korolevskoye]] [[oil field]]s located in the north-eastern reaches of the [[Caspian Sea]] in [[Kazakhstan]]. ...n’ - Interview by Alexander Cornelius, CEO of TengizChevroil], by United World. 27 April 2006
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  • ...nd therefore the '''energy policy of Kazakhstan''' has influence over the world's overall energy supply. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an ...hstan oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves are among the ten biggest in the world.
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  • ...Siberia and cheap Siberian grain from Russia to the [[Fergana Valley]]. An eastern branch would enhance Russia's military and economic presence on the [[China ...e built by a French-financed Russian-managed private railway consortium. [[World War I]] put an end of this project.
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  • ...chmann, U et al (2012) Eurasian Cities: New Realities along the Silk Road, World Bank Publications, P26</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Desert & Steppe Conquests ...and the [[Turkestan-Siberia Railway]] was already planned when the [[First World War]] broke out.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Central Asia|url=http://cs
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  • ...12/16/content_290658.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/etlo.htm East Turkistan Liberation Organization (ETLO)] Globalsecurity ...sive "counter-terror" policies.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/etlo.htm</ref>
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  • ...ope/RadioLiberty</ref><ref name=ORDWAY>[http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20061221-9999-1n21kazak.html U.S. envoy touts Kazakhstan's post-Soviet adva ...ir al-Islami]], [[Jamaat of Central Asian Mujahedins]], [[Islamic Party of Eastern Turkestan]], [[Kurdistan Workers Party]], [[Boz Kurt]], [[Lashkar-e-Toiba]]
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  • ...sia's prison population exploded, with overcrowding among the worst in the world. Some estimates suggest that in the last generation over thirty million of ...ts tattooed on shoulders represent the rank of the individual in the crime world and so on and so forth.
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  • ....<ref name="Schwirtz">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/29/world/europe/29iht-moscow.4.14865004.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | title=Vory v Zako ...ovskoy Mir'' ({{lang-ru|воровской мир}}) or "Criminal/ Thieves World".
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  • ...cial banks and been a director of Soros Foundation programs in Central and Eastern Europe. ...Republic of Kazakhstan in the United States. Between 2002 and 2007, he was World Bank project coordinator for Central Asia in the sphere of infrastructure,
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  • ...member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in language and literature. During World War II, Malov worked in [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]] as a Professor in the [[Al-Fara ...w scientists who attracted the [[Székelys|Szekler]] alphabet, among other Eastern Europe runiform alphabets, in his comparative studies. Another of his achie
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  • ...<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/A-Br/Belarusan|work=World Culture Encyclopedia|title=Belarusan americans|first=Vituat|last=Kipel|acce ...''[[Litvins]]/[[Lithuanians]]'' and ''[[Ruthenians]]'' which refers to the Eastern part of state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (''Litva'', ''Vialikaja Litva
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  • ...[http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/structure/ukr_gromady/Kazakhstan.html Ukrainian World Coordinating Council Website]</ref> ...d their sentences.<ref name = "Coordinating"/> The descendents of the post-World War II Ukrainian immigrants tend to dominate the staffing of Kazakhstan's n
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  • ...s and [[Zhetysu]] (Semirechye) region) and that of the [[Steppe]] ( modern eastern and northern Kazakhstan including the lands of the [[Siberian]] and [[Semir ...-Cossack Russian settlers migrated into the fertile lands of northern and eastern Kazakhstan. In 1906 the [[Trans-Aral Railway]] between [[Orenburg]] and [[T
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  • |rels=[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] along with [[Buddhism]], [[Protesta ...as [[Karafuto Prefecture]]) in order to fill labour shortages caused by [[World War II]].<ref name=Byong>{{cite news|last=Ban|first=Byung-yool|title=Korean
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  • ...up="nb" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html|title=Moldova}}</ref> ...|date= |accessdate=2012-11-02}}</ref> and did not take hold in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] and [[Bukovyna]] until the latter part of the 19th centur
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  • ...({{lang-ru|Ирдык}} or Ырдык) some 15&nbsp;km from [[Karakol]] in Eastern Kyrgyzstan. They numbered 1130 on arrival. ...in a number of locations between the Chinese border and Sokuluk, in south-eastern [[Kazakhstan]] and in northern [[Kyrgyzstan]].
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  • ...agauz as "Turkish speaking Bulgars".<ref name="ReferenceA">Encyclopedia of World Cultures | 1996 | Gouboglu, Mikhail; Friedrich, Paul</ref> Astrid Menz writ The vast majority of Gagauz are [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yahadi
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  • ...ajority of Karakalpakstan is occupied by desert - the [[Kyzyl Kum]] on the eastern side, the barren Ustyurt plateau to the west, and now the growing Aral Kum *David J. Phillips: ''Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World''. William Carey Library 2001, ISBN 0-87808-352-9, p.&nbsp;304 ({{Google bo
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  • ...tant at 4.1% in 1959–1989, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html#People CIA estimates] this share declined to 3% in 19 ...ssdate=5 February 2012}}</ref><ref>"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public L
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  • [[File:Map-Kypchak Language World.png|thumb|Contemporary distribution of [[Kipchak languages]]: <span style=" ...likely originated amongst the nomadic [[Tatar confederation]] in the north-eastern [[Gobi]] desert in the 5th century.<ref name="BritannicaTatar">'''Tatar'''.
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  • ...e= |accessdate=2014-02-04}}</ref> to 2 million<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27599836</ref> ...of the [[Nakh peoples]] originating in the [[North Caucasus]] region of [[Eastern Europe]]. They refer to themselves as '''Vainakhs''' (which means "'''our p
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  • ...tle=Population: 28,661,637 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 80%]|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013}} ...Afghan Population: 31,108,077 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 9%]|publisher=The World Factbook|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013}}</
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  • ...www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=Cia.gov|date= |accessdate=22 July 2012}}</ref> |rels= Predominantly [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]] <br>{{small|([[Russian Orthodox Church]])}}
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  • ...last=Sichor|first=Yitzhak|title=Fact and Fiction: A Chinese Documentary on Eastern Turkestan Terrorism|volume=4|issue=2|year=2006|pages=89–108|journal=China ...to the "Kafirlar" (كافرلار) (infidels) when the destruction of the World Trade Center towers was shown on the video.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jiha
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  • ...r+the+autonomy+of+Sinkiang.|year=1994|publisher=Motamar al-Alam al-Islami; World Muslim Congress|page=99}}</ref> ...ces in 17-20th Centuries|title=Uyghur Memoir literature in Central Asia on Eastern Turkistan Republic (1944-49)|url=http://www.academia.edu/2277955/Uyghur_Mem
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  • ...he short-lived [[First East Turkestan Republic|Turkish Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan]] from November 12, 1933 until the republic's defeat in May 1934. ...on in [[Khotan]] district. Sabit Damulla was convinced that the [[Islamic world]] was not interested in supporting [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] independence, a
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  • ...injiang regions.png|thumb|left|Northern Xinjiang (Dzungar Basin) (Yellow), Eastern Xinjiang- [[Turpan Depression]] ([[Turpan Prefecture]] and [[Hami Prefectur ...ere+to+call+Bukhara's+Turkestan+the+Western+one,+and+Chinese+Turkestan+the+Eastern+%5B+.+...+(+1+829,+12).+Nevertheless,+the+name+'East+Turkestan'+acquired+a+
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  • ...|Siberian]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|first=|last=|volume=|others=Contributors Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie|edition ...en by the [[Yugur]] people. It is contrasted with [[Eastern Yugur language|Eastern Yugur]], the [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic language]] spoken within the sam
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  • ...ces in 17-20th Centuries|title=Uyghur Memoir literature in Central Asia on Eastern Turkistan Republic (1944-49)|url=http://www.academia.edu/2277955/Uyghur_Mem ...d=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|volume=Volume 102 of Contributions to the Study of World History Series|editors=C. X. George Wei, Xiaoyuan Liu|accessdate=25 March 2
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  • ...mbassador in 1935 with "a detailed plan proposing the establishment of an 'Eastern Turkestan Republic' under Japanese sponsorship, with munitions and finance ...ces in 17-20th Centuries|title=Uyghur Memoir literature in Central Asia on Eastern Turkistan Republic (1944-49)|url=http://www.academia.edu/2277955/Uyghur_Mem
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  • ...book|author=Robert Shaw|title=A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dw7gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA119#v ...ntified in the 10th century book ''[[Hudud al-'alam]]'' (The Limits of the World) as a "populous village of the [[Yagma|Yaghma]]", the Yaghma being one of t
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  • |langs= [[Western Yugur language|Western Yugur]], [[Eastern Yugur language|Eastern Yugur]] ...0-10-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/world/asia/china-yugurs-gansu.html | newspaper = [[New York Times]] | date = Sept
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  • ...(1907) ''Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Eastern Turkestan.'' Oxford. Pages 123-126.</ref><ref>Bonavia, Judy. ''The Silk Roa ...and [[Yarkant County|Yarkant]], spoke [[Saka language|Saka]], one of the [[Eastern Iranian languages]]. Khotan's indigenous dynasty (all of whose royal names
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  • ...u of Northern Wei]] overthrew [[Juqu Mujian]] of the [[Northern Liang]] in eastern [[Gansu]],<ref>[[Wei Shou]], ''[[Book of Wei]]'', [[:zh:s:魏書/卷4上|Vo ==Eastern Turks under the Jimi system==
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  • ...ʊjˈʁʊː|}}) are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[ethnic group]] living in Eastern and [[Central Asia]]. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the [[Xinjiang|Xinji ...iverse ethnic group ranging from Western Eurasian ([[Europeans]], [[Middle Eastern]]) to a more [[East Asian]] appearance.
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  • ...]], the Chinese called up a large army of [[nomads]] from the northern and eastern [[steppe]]s and 80,000 Dungans to fight Jahangir.{{sfn|Tyler|2003|page=66}} The Muslims of eastern Turkistan follow the [[Naqshbandi]] ''[[tariqa]]'', headed ny a ''[[Pir (Su
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