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...g the [[Silk Road]] in [[Kazakhstan]]. Otrar was an important town in the history of [[Central Asia]], situated on the borders of settled and agricultural ci ...and animals. Otrar is mentioned in numerous sources such as medieval Arab, Persian and Turkic authors. These sources refer to it as one of the [[Zhetysu]] (Se

==History== ...rkestan, Kazakhstan.jpg|thumbnail|262px|Backside view of mausoleum where [[Persian miniature painting]] can be best observed.]]

|[[Persian people|Persians]] ...people (Iran)|Tats]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nowruz in Takestan and Taleqan (Persian)|url=http://takpress.ir/1393/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D

...cover onto a wooden ring with glue and cloth ties. This is similar to the Persian daira and the Turkish def. Some daira have metal pieces attached to give th ==History==

...[[Iran]] and [[Central Asia]]. Its name comes from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word for "two strings", دو تار ''dotār'' (< دو ''do'' "two", تا {{see also|Lute#History and evolution of the lute}}

|sovereignty_type = [[History of Kazakhstan|Formation]] ...untry since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition.<ref name="t

...антуу}} or манты; [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Persian Language|Persian]], {{lang-ar|منتو}}) are [[dumpling]]s popular in most [[Turkic peoples == History ==

...ssolved in water is a primary ingredient of ''[[qurutob]],'' a traditional Persian dish in [[Tajik cuisine|Tajik]], [[Afghan cuisine|Afghan]] and [[Iranian cu ==History==

== History == Early in the history of DMOZ, its staff gave representatives of selected companies, such as ''[[

...nline.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Serv=19&Id=16270|website=Ghanoon Online (in Persian)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213111337/http://www.ghanoonon * [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/crc/crc.html Procedural history, related documents and photos] on the ''Convention on the Rights of the Chi

...seven rivers" (literally "seven waters") in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] and Persian, to the rivers which flow from the south-east into [[Lake Balkhash]]. ==History==

British and Persian forces briefly tried to reach [[Baku]] in [[Azerbaijan]] and the Turkmen po ...second city of [[Uzbekistan]], the majority of the city's inhabitants are Persian-speaking [[Tājik people|Tajiks]]. The city a became rich trading center as

{{History of Kazakhstan}} ...r+massacre&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TNLvUKbeNIiHswaZ_YDIDg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ Studies in History, Volume 4]</ref><ref name="google4">Russia's Steppe Frontier: The Making Of

...of the [[Mongol Empire]] to invade the Khwarezmid Empire. According to the Persian historian [[Minhaj-i-Siraj|Juzjani]], Genghis Khan had originally sent the ....<ref name=Hildinger>Hildinger, Eric. ''Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1700''</ref>

{{History of the Turks pre-14th century}} {{History of Kazakhstan}}

...資料論烏孫歷史的幾個重大問題 (Important questions about the history of Wusun arising from the contemporary documents and archaeological investi ==History==

...to 600 A.D.|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1170959|journal=Social Science History|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=129|doi=10.2307/1170959|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein {{History of the Turks pre-14th century}}

== History == whose origin is Iranian (in [[Persian language|Persian]]: ''suy'' means "toward"+ ''ab'' for "water", "rivers").<ref>[http://www.t

...spirit and culture in an Islamic form.<ref>The Middle East: 2,000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day (pgs. 81–82) – Bernard ...[Tahirid dynasty]]''', (Persian: سلسله طاهریان) was an Iranian Persian dynasty that ruled over the northeastern part of [[Greater Iran]], in the r

*[[Persian language|Persian]] ...ur language|Old Uyghur]]<ref>Rene Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 165.</ref>{{sfn|Janhun

..., such as the [[Han dynasty|Han]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] dynasties of [[History of China|Imperial China]]. ...PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire |first= Pierre |last=Briant |page=173 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |date=2

| [[Cumans]], [[Persian people|Persians]], [[Turkmens]] [[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]

...𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩}} ({{transl|pal|ʾylʾnštry}})<br />[[Modern Persian]]: {{lang|fa|ایرانشهر}}</ref><ref name=wiesehofer /> |event1 = [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628|Climactic Roman–Persian War of 602-628]]

...em was limited. A second problem was slavery. Khiva kept a large number of Persian slaves which they bought from the Turkomans. A small number of Russians wer [[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]

...rming a large delta which was ruled by the Khanate of Khiva and has a long history under the name of [[Khwarezm]]. The Jaxartes of [[Syr Darya]] rises in the ...nquered in the normal sense. Instead Russian power slowly increased. See [[History of Kazakhstan]].

...ece together an incomplete picture of Khazar society and chronology of its history. ...tenth-century documents relaying what the authors understood to be Khazar history, so they are not fictional works.

This hypothesis has had a complex history within academia. While most contemporary scholars dismiss it, the hypothesi ==History==

...the Turks pre-14th century}}{{History of Tatarstan}}{{History of Russia}}{{History of Ukraine}} ...after serving as Byzantium's proxy against the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian Persian empire]]. The alliance was dropped around 900. Byzantium began to encourage

...oted they are called ''[[Sabir people|Sabir]]'' in Turkic and ''Xazar'' in Persian.{{sfn|Golden|2011|p=225}} [[Al-Biruni]], while discussing the Volga Bulgars ...author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=1992 |title=An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and ear

...[[Arab history|Arab History]], Nations of [[Islam]] and [[Africa]] and the History of the [[Khazars]]. ...|Hebrew University]]. Between 1930-1931 he also studied [[Bible|Biblical]] History at the [[École Biblique]] in Jerusalem.<ref>Archive of the École Biblique

...ion]]), it was the capital of the [[Blue Horde]] (i.e., the White Horde of Persian sources), although the city is almost unknown. The region in which Sighnaq ...http://www.archive.org/stream/historymongolss00howogoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th Century'']. Part II, division I. T

...tern [[Germany]]. Some birds migrate south as far as the [[Red Sea]] and [[Persian Gulf]] while others disperse into [[Western Europe]], in countries such as This form has a troubled taxonomic history, summarised in the [[European herring gull|herring gull]] article. The Casp

{{distinguish2|other subspecies / ecotypes of Asiatic Wild asses like the Persian onager, Indian khur, or Turkmen kulan}} ...rnández-Giménez |year=1999 |title=Sustaining the steppes: a geographical history of pastoral land use in Mongolia |journal=[[Geographical Review]] |volume=8

...azakhstan]] scholar of oriental studies, historian, philologist, expert on Persian and Turkic manuscripts, researcher and teacher. ...shed]] during his lifetime, including translations of sources, research on history of [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] and [[Uigur]] peoples and other subjects.

In some languages (Russian, Polish, Persian), the word is also used for [[hubcap]] (for a car wheel's hub; see also the [[Category:History of Asian clothing]]

==History== ...e, livestock and slaves. Civilisations active in trading during the road's history included [[Scythia]], [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] and [[Byzantine Greece]],

...he protection of the trade route.<ref>Xinru, Liu, ''The Silk Road in World History'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 11.</ref> ...te=2017-02-23}}</ref> Japan,<ref name=":4" /> the [[Outline of South Asian history|Indian subcontinent]], [[Greater Persia|Persia]], [[Europe]], the [[Horn of

== History == ...arch center of Russia's Ministry of Transport.<ref>[http://www.cniieevt.ru/history.htm ''CNIIEVT'' and the development of Russia's inland water transport] {{r

==History== ...country)|Georgian]] seaports in the Black Sea or through [[Iran]] to the [[Persian Gulf]].

...rridor]] facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.<ref>[http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2016-03-2 ===History===

...Mark Elliott, [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/iran-5-history-preview.pdf p. 28], Lonely Planet Publications, ISBN 978-1-74104-293-1</ref ...ia/hyrcania.html Hyrcania]. www.livius.org. Retrieved 2012-05-20.</ref> In Persian antiquity, as well as in modern [[Iran]], it is known as the {{lang|fa|در

The second part of the name (''Darya'' دریا) means river in Persian. The current name dates only from the 18th century.

...d as '''Bābolsar''' and '''Bābul Sar'''; also known as '''Mashhadsar''' (Persian: مَشهَدسَر), also Romanized as '''Mashhad-i-Sar''' and '''Meshed-i ==History==

== History == This word In Pahlavi language means Anzalag and the variant Persian form of it is Anzalazh. Anzali Gulf was a safe harbour for trade ships and

...Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& ...[Sassanid]] dynasty of Persia<!-- Do not link to the disambiguation page, "Persian Empire"; link to a specific iteration of this topic -->, but Derbent was pr

...so been a tourism hub of the Islamic world during different eras in Iran's history. ...ashi who is an Iranian expert in ancient languages says that in the Middle Persian Language; ''Lah'' refers to silk, and in Decisive Argument; ''Lah'' means t

The old form of the name was "Langarkanan" that in [[Persian language|Persian]] means "the place of pulling up the anchor(s)" : "Langar" ({{Lang-fa|'''ل ==History==

...azandarani-Gilaki dialect). They are also able to speak [[Persian language|Persian]], the official language of Iran. ==History==

.... The city has a history that goes back to the 13th century but its modern history dates back to the [[Safavid]] era during which Rasht was a major silk trade ==History==

==History== ===Early history===