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...Connection With Zhanaozen Riots |date=15 June 2012 |publisher=Radio Free Europe |accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] designated him a ==Role in Zhanaozen protests==

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

| caption =Participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ...read of [[nuclear weapon]]s and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of [[Nuclear technology|nuclear energy]], and to further

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

| caption = A depiction of the Jeltoqsan events on Republic Square in Almaty ...db=all "Nationalist riots in Kazakhstan: Violent nationalist riots erupted in Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazakhstan, on 17 and 18 December 1986"], Informaw

...peaker of the [[Senate of Kazakhstan|Senate]], the second highest position in the [[Government of Kazakhstan]], from 1 December to 2004.<ref name=RESIGNA ...as speaker. This diminishes the authority and respect of the whole Senate in front of ordinary citizens. That is the image society sees of the Senate it

|caption=Brezhnev in [[East Berlin]] in 1967 ...f the Soviet Union}} {{Hero of the Soviet Union}} [[File:Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png|20px|link=Hero of Socialist Labour]]<br>([[Awards and decorations

[[File:Alibek.jpg|thumb|320px|right|<center>'''Ken Alibek''' in 2003.]] ...[[microbiologist]] and [[biological warfare]] (BW) expert. He rose rapidly in the ranks of the [[Soviet Army]] to become the First Deputy Director of [[B

..., by Paul J Davies, Financial Times. 4 September 2006</ref> It was founded in 2002 by merging Kazakhoil and Oil and Gas Transportation.<ref name=KMG>[htt ...mer, accounting for 64% of its consolidated revenue in 2011, down from 75% in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fitch Rates KazTransGas & Intergas Central Asia

|caption=The Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right) ...f 1853 published for the ''Journal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]'' in London]]

...ies between continents|conventional boundary]] between the continents of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. [[Vaygach Island]] and the islands of [[Novaya Zemlya]] for ...other hand, have achieved majority support for their assertion that 'ural' in Tatar means a belt, and recall that an earlier name for the range was 'ston

...lls of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monument]] in the [[Republic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

|image_map = Karagandy in Kazakhstan.svg |blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| image_map = South Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

...eptember 2013|newspaper=Fox News|date=27 June 2012}}</ref> He was released in 2016. Kozlov was born on August 10, 1960, in [[Aktobe]].<ref name="political prisoner">{{cite web|title=Vladimir Kozlov

...ate=18 December 2011|accessdate=18 December 2011|title=Deadly riots spread in Kazakhstan oil region}}</ref> ...r 2011}}</ref> The massacre was a stark illustration of the [[Human rights in Kazakhstan|country's poor human rights record]] under [[President of Kazakh

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...zkazgan''' ({{lang-ru|'''Джезказган'''}}, until 1992), is a city in [[Karaganda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]], on a reservoir of the Kara-Kengir Riv

|native_name = Ақмол <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |map_caption = Location in [[Kazakhstan]]

|labor = 9 million (2015 est.)<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publicati ...usiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kazakhstan |title=Ease of Doing Business in Kazakhstan |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |accessdate=2017-01-24 }}</ref>

...ussia and Ukraine, this number had declined to 796,000 by 1998 and 456,997 in the 2009 census.<ref name = "Coordinating">[http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/struc ...ssian government to Kazakhstan after their failed [[Koliyivschyna|uprising in 1768]].<ref name = "Coordinating"/>

...ans from the Volga region at a refugee camp in [[Schneidemühl]], Germany, in 1920]] ...cs, [[Moravian Church|Moravians]], and [[Russian Mennonite|Mennonites]]). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many Volga Germans emigrated to [[Kansas

[[File:China-Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]] ...ntier") when the region was reconquered by the Manchu-led [[Qing dynasty]] in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the [[People's Republic of China]], having

|region5={{flag|Turkey}} ([[Minorities_in_Turkey#Uyghurs|Uyghurs in Turkey]]) ...k Shichor|author2=East-West Center|title=Ethno-diplomacy, the Uyghur hitch in Sino-Turkish relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IR4tAQAAIAAJ|y

| movement = [[dissident movement in the Soviet Union]] ...d Judophobia Since Childhood] // [[Booknik]], 23 December 2012 (interview, in Russian)</ref>

...the [[List of countries by number of troops|fourth-largest standing army]] in the world. Kim's leadership is thought to have been even more authoritarian ...economic reforms, including the opening of the [[Kaesong Industrial Park]] in 2003.

...June 4, 2008). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> ...e government also took steps to address government officials’ complicity in trafficking. Kazakhstan allocated nearly $35,000 for victim assistance duri

...14865004.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | title=Vory v Zakone has hallowed place in Russian criminal lore. | work=[[International Herald Tribune]] | date=29 Ju ...organized group of top criminals arose, the ''vory v zakone'', or "thieves in law."<ref name="Schwirtz"/>

...ov]], remained in detention after unfair trials ... Torture remains common in places of detention."<ref>[[Human Rights Watch]], [https://www.hrw.org/worl ...Guardian]]|date=11 March 2015|quote=Nazarbaev has clamped down on dissent in Kazakhstan, and the country has never held an election judged to be free or

...1963. It focuses on teaching [[economics]] and offers over 20 specialties in the fields of economics, finance, management, marketing, law, international In 1963, the [[Almaty]] Institute of National Economy was founded in accordance with the [[Order of the Government of Russia|Decree of the Gover

...all percentage of land is used for crops, with the percentage being higher in the north of the country. 70% of the agricultural land is permanent pasture ...ra. This continues to affect production today. [[Kazakh wine]] is produced in the mountains east of Almaty.

...display is prohibited in some other former socialist countries, as well as in countries where communism is [[Bans on Communist symbols|banned]] by the of ...war with the establishment of a Socialist International. This was unveiled in 1914 and flown by the [[Irish Citizen Army]] during the 1916 [[Easter Risin