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|type = National, ethnic, international ...publisher= komunitetibektashi.org | url=http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1

[[File:Kazhakhstan a Paris.Turan ensemble.2.jpg|thumbnail|Turan Ensemble in Paris, 1 November 2014]] ...o Folk Band) is a [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] folk music band, which was created in 2008 by several students of Kazakh National Conservatory named after [[Kurm

...2,727,300 km² (greater than [[Western Europe]]). It is bordered by [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[People's Republic ...khstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population dens

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] ...akhstan citizens. Do not change it to Kazakh, which is the demonym for the ethnic group--><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world

[[File:Almaty - Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|Preparation of a meal in Kazakhstan]] ...ese animals for transportation, clothing, and food.<ref>"Kazakhstan," Food in Every Country, accessed April 18, 2011,

...urnalists identified a "growing pattern" of intimidation of the media, and in 2012 several opposition media outlets were ordered to be shut down on charg ...y a government representative to buy a controlling stake in ''Respublika'' in November 2001.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/13/w

|headquarters = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] |{{flag|Russia}}

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...requires its parties to outlaw [[hate speech]] and criminalize membership in racist organizations.<ref name=Art4>ICERD, Article 4.</ref> ...Lack of time prevented this from being considered by the General Assembly in 1961,<ref>United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1684 (XVI), 18 Decembe

...m the neighbouring countries of [[China]], [[Mongolia]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] and also from countries with notable Kazakh minorities: ...ers Alertnet|date=2003-09-03|accessdate=2010-06-08|title=Special report on ethnic Kazakhs and the struggle to return - Continued|url=http://www.irinnews.org/

...through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s. [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|right|250px|thumb|Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922 with the Turkestan ASSR and the Kyrgyz ASSR]]

...sentemir, Maskar, Sherkesh, Tana. The battle cry of Alasha is "BaiBarak!". In 1897, members of the Bai-Uly tribe confederation numbered 600,000, or 16.2 ...een formed as to the origins of the Alasha tribes. Based on comparisons of ethnic shapes and tribe symbols, or ''tamga'', some researchers believe that the A

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

|capital = located in Ulutau mountains ...n Eastern Europe (840-990 CE). The capital of the Kangar union was located in the Ulytau mountains.

...mi-[[Eurasian nomads|nomadic]] [[Eurasian Steppe|steppe]] people mentioned in [[China|Chinese]] records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. ...re last mentioned by the Chinese as having settled the [[Pamir Mountains]] in the 5th century AD. They possibly became subsumed into the later [[Hephthal

...Syr Darinskoj oblast 72.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Map of the Syr-Darya Oblast in 1872]] ...f [[Khanate of Khiva]] (for Amu Darya Okrug at present [[Karakalpakstan]]) in 1867.

...It bordered [[Tobolsk Governorate]] to the north, [[Semipalatinsk Oblast, Russia|Semipalatinsk Oblast]] to the east, [[Semirechye Oblast]] to the northeast, === Ethnic groups in 1897<ref>http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=781</ref>==

|subdivision = [[Oblasts of Russia|Oblast]] |nation = [[Russian Empire|Russia]]

{{Infobox ethnic group ...d. 552) and his sons, succeeded the [[Rouran Khaganate]] as the main power in the region and established the [[Turkic Khaganate]], one of several nomadic

| title = 1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan ...yes}}{{spaced ndash}}{{end date|18 June 1951|df=yes}}<br/>{{smaller|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=10|year1=1951|month2=06|day2=1

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...уз.svg|thumb|right|Approximate areas occupied by the three Kazakh hordes in the early 20th century; red represents the Senioren zhuz, orange represents ...an]], and represents the main [[Kazakh tribes|tribal]] division within the ethnic group of the [[Kazakhs]].

...and [[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]] become protectorates of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] |combatant1 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire|Russia]]

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe

...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref> {{History of the Turks pre-14th century}}{{History of Tatarstan}}{{History of Russia}}{{History of Ukraine}}

{{Infobox ethnic group ...an]]: ''Найман/Naiman, "eight"'') is the name of a tribe originating in [[Mongolia]].

...ontian-Greek History]</ref><ref>Agtzidis, The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union ...number of deported persons was about 60,000 people.<ref>{Ethnic cleansing in the USSR 1937 - 49] https://books.google.com/books?id=SnLANpCfDn4C&printsec

| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]] |piccap="Silk Road" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

...t citadel&nbsp;— One if not the largest extant Sassanid fortification(s) in the world.]] |State Party=[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|22px]] Russia

...(2010)|2010 Russian census]] recorded the city as being the fourth-largest in Dagestan. It is a working-class satellite-city to [[Makhachkala]]. ...rowth due to the war effort, and became a center for major arms producers. In 1947, the settlement received the status of a city, and was given its curre

|prev_name2=Petrovsk-Port<ref name="russia.rin.ru">http://russia.rin.ru/guides_e/4939.html</ref> ...e [[Avars (Caucasian)|Avars]] and [[Laks (Dagestan)|Laks]] as the largest groups.

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...=off}} west of [[Almaty]] and {{convert|351|km|mi|abbr=off}} east of the [[Russia]]n city of [[Astrakhan]].

File:Baku montage3.jpg|275px|alt=Baku montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. ...18 447 1200 1056 [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|Philharmony Fountain in front of the Magomayev Philharmonic Hall]]

...ast Kazakhstan Region in Kazakhstan|the district of the Buryat Republic in Russia|Tarbagataysky District}} ...}) is a [[districts of Kazakhstan|district]] of [[East Kazakhstan Region]] in eastern [[Kazakhstan]]. The [[administrative center]] of the district is th

{{Infobox ethnic group ...ks]] (later Orenburg Cossacks) with Swedish ancestry, related to the large groups of Swedish prisoners of the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–1721).

|states=[[Russia]] |nation=[[Altai Republic]] ([[Russia]])

{{Infobox ethnic group |flag_caption = Altay ethnic flag, adopted by [[Russia]] as the official flag of the [[Altai Republic]].

...lls of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monument]] in the [[Republic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

|pushpin_map_caption = The location of Astana in Kazakhstan |established_date = in 1830 as Akmoly{{sfn|Pospelov|1993|pp=24–25}}

| image_caption = Bukhtarma river in East Kazakhstan | image_map = East Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan.svg

| image_map = Kostanay in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| image_map = Mangystau in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| image_map = North Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| image_map = Pavlodar in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

...ame = Павлодар <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |image_caption = Mashkhur Jusup Central Mosque in Pavlodar

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...Sayram Su River, which rises at the nearby 4000-meter mountain Sayram Su. In medieval times, the city and countryside were located on the banks of the [

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...obol River]] in [[Kostanay Region]] of [[Kazakhstan]]. It appeared in 1957 in connection with the development of iron ore deposits, the construction Soko

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...алинск'''}}, '''Karkaraly''', '''Karkaralinsk''') is the oldest town in Karaganda Oblast ([[Karaganda Region]]). Karkaraly is also known as '''Kark

...morial; Park of the First President; Nur Ghasyr Mosque at night; Fountains in the Park of the First President; St. Nicolas Cathedral. |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan