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|type = National, ethnic, international .../>{{lang-tg|Наврӯз}} {{transl|tg|''Navrūz''}}<br />[[Tati language (Iran)|Tati]]: ''Nuruz''<br />{{lang-tr|Nevruz}}<br />{{lang-tk|''Nevruz''}}<br /

...as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. ...|archivedate=27 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It suspended its membership in 2012. The CSTO is an observer organization at the [[United Nations General

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...[[Kyrgyzstan]] and also from countries with notable Kazakh minorities: [[Iran]] ([[Iranian Kazakhs]]), [[Afghanistan]], and [[Pakistan]]. ...ers Alertnet|date=2003-09-03|accessdate=2010-06-08|title=Special report on ethnic Kazakhs and the struggle to return - Continued|url=http://www.irinnews.org/

...through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s. [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|right|250px|thumb|Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922 with the Turkestan ASSR and the Kyrgyz ASSR]]

...oscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch.16, http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot16.htm (In Russian)</ref> ...the "right wing" ''on shadapyt'', "nushibi" is a colloquial pronunciation in modern Han dialect of the Chinese hieroglyphs for "right wing", ''modern Ch

...asanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran'', I.B. Tauris, 2008. (p. 4)</ref> ...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the

...n 1879''': <br> 3,500 troops <br> '''In 1881''': <br> 7,100 troops <br> '''In 1883–1885''': <br> 1,500 troops ...e:Bandera de Kokand.svg|23px]] '''In 1853''': <br> ~12,000 troops <br> '''In 1865''': <br> ~36,000 troops

| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]] |piccap="Silk Road" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

{{about||the administrative subdivision of Iran|Astara County|the village in East Azerbaijan Province|Astara, East Azerbaijan}} ...CW: Breakwater of Astara, [[Laton Waterfall]], [[Estil Lagoon]], A dredger in Astara port, Pyramid roof Buildings of the city

| pushpin_map = Iran | subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}}

...t citadel&nbsp;— One if not the largest extant Sassanid fortification(s) in the world.]] |Region=[[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe]]

...e [[Avars (Caucasian)|Avars]] and [[Laks (Dagestan)|Laks]] as the largest groups. ...leading to a renewed conflict between the Russian Federation and militants in the North Caucasus region.

File:Baku montage3.jpg|275px|alt=Baku montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. ...18 447 1200 1056 [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|Philharmony Fountain in front of the Magomayev Philharmonic Hall]]

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...Sayram Su River, which rises at the nearby 4000-meter mountain Sayram Su. In medieval times, the city and countryside were located on the banks of the [

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...алинск'''}}, '''Karkaraly''', '''Karkaralinsk''') is the oldest town in Karaganda Oblast ([[Karaganda Region]]). Karkaraly is also known as '''Kark

{{For|the villages in Iran|Taraz, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Taraz, Iran}} |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan

...6-98/f96-98.htm The New Russia of Vladimir Zhirinovsky: Fascist Tendencies in the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia] ([[NATO]])</ref><ref name=abroadath ...e Carbonnel|author2=Alessandra Prentice|title=Armed men seize two airports in Ukraine's Crimea, Yanukovich reappears|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/20

...n/|accessdate=5 August 2015|publisher=Russia Today}}</ref> It participated in the EAEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding state.<ref name=F ...Minister Vladimir Putin "A new integration project for Eurasia: The future in the making"|url=http://www.russianmission.eu/en/news/article-prime-minister

| caption = Population of Kazakhstan (in millions) from 1950–2009. ...ccessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> but it is not uncommon to use '''Kazakh''' in both senses.<ref name=FCO>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroa

{{Infobox ethnic group ...e value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 million in 2008</ref>

{{Infobox ethnic group ...ics/conflict/baylis_strategy3e/01student/cases/chechnya.pdf |title=The War in Chechnya |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-02-04}}</ref> to 2 million<ref

{{Infobox ethnic group ...uzsci.net/portal/library/atlas/ethnic_minorities.pdf |title=Uzbekistan – Ethnic minorities |publisher= |accessdate=2011-06-03}}</ref>

{{About|Uzbeks as an ethnic group|information about citizens of [[Uzbekistan]]|Demographics of Uzbekist {{Infobox ethnic group

[[File:China-Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]] ...ntier") when the region was reconquered by the Manchu-led [[Qing dynasty]] in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the [[People's Republic of China]], having

...·沙比尔|p=Màisīwǔdé·Shābì'ěr}}), was a Uyghur political leader in Xinjiang and Governor of [[Xinjiang]] during the [[Ili Rebellion]]. He rece ...false|title=Clouds over Tianshan: essays on social disturbance in Xinjiang in the 1940s|author=David D. Wang|year=1999|publisher=NIAS Press|location=|isb

| image= Khotanlik ulama in 1933, muhammad amin bughra wearing black in foreground.jpg | caption = Muhammad Amin Bughra wearing Black Chapan in the foreground

...[[United States government]] detained twenty-two [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]] in the [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]]. The last three Uyghur detainees, [[ ...any as 100 countries have refused to accept the remaining Uighur detainees in the face of Chinese opposition.

...ov]], remained in detention after unfair trials ... Torture remains common in places of detention."<ref>[[Human Rights Watch]], [https://www.hrw.org/worl ...Guardian]]|date=11 March 2015|quote=Nazarbaev has clamped down on dissent in Kazakhstan, and the country has never held an election judged to be free or

...2009-09-07.</ref> Islam first arrived on the southern edges of the region in the 8th century from Arabs. [[File:2-minaret mosque in Semey.jpg|thumb|250px| Mosque in Semey]]