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|occupation = Rocket engineer, Chief Designer of the [[Soviet space program]] ...gdeyev, R. Z. |author2=Shtern, M. I. |title=The Conquest of Outer Space in the USSR 1974 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770010175 |work=NASA |publisher

{{For|the Kazakh television station of the same name|Kazakhstan (channel)}} ...sruptive and POV issues. Feel free to reduce, but I don't see an end, thus the long term protection.|small=yes}}

...ay, April 2003, ISBN 0-7679-0056-1; page 431.[http://www.anneapplebaum.com/gulag/intro.html Introduction online])</ref> ...ashington Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-295-98336-3.</ref> The Soviet Union held the Japanese POWs much longer and used them as a labor force.

...isoner uprising in the summer of 1954 (''see'' [[Kengir uprising]]). After the camp was closed, a large automotive depot was placed there. *[[List of Gulag camps]]

...akhstan Academy of Sciences]], Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]].<ref name="GSE">{{cite encyclopedia ...,{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} he entered the Geological Department of [[Saint Petersburg Mining Institute|Petrograd Mining Institute]], from whic

|settlement_type = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]] |image_shield = Coat of Arms of Karagandy Province.svg

|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]

|image_caption = Statue of [[Nurken Abdirov]] in Karaganda |image_seal = Seal of Karaganda, Kazakhstan.png

...r its history.<ref>[http://www.karlag.kz/art.php?rid=7 "Names"], a page of the Karlag website</ref> [[Category:Camps of the Gulag]]

...]n [[football (soccer)|footballer]] and [[ice hockey]] player, and founder of [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]]. ...g courtesy of his father's reasonably well paid job as a hunting guide for the Imperial Hunting Society.<ref name="AHR">{{cite web

| regions = <!-- for e.g. a list of regions (countries), especially if regionN etc below not used --> ...Westpreußen, Russlanddeutsche Flüchtlinge.jpg|thumb|Ethnic Germans from the Volga region at a refugee camp in [[Schneidemühl]], Germany, in 1920]]

{{For|other uses of the phrase "Mark of Cain"|Mark of Cain}} | name =The Mark of Cain

...chwirtz" /> Thieves in law are drawn from many nationalities from a number of post-Soviet states.<ref name="Schwirtz">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytim ...ated until they became a very significant factor which controlled society. The criminal culture with its own slang, culture and laws became known as ''Vor