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| renovated = 1997, 2004, 2011 ....JPG|thumb|260px|right|[[Canada national bandy team]] at the reserve field in 2012]]

...Scientists (FAS)|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> The spaceport is located in the [[Kazakh Steppe|desert steppe]] of [[Baikonur]], about {{convert|200|km ...cosmodrome at the centre. It was originally built by the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the [[Soviet space program]].

| caption = Lee Kyou-hyuk at the 2008 World Cup in [[Vikingskipet Olympic Arena|Hamar]] {{Medal|Silver|[[1997 Winter Universiade|1997 Muju-Jeonju]]|500 m}}

...itle]], bestowed to the winning ice hockey team in [[Kazakhstan]], founded in 1992. ...f the President Begins|url=http://astanatimes.com/2015/08/ice-palace-opens-in-astana-as-hockey-tournament-cup-of-the-president-begins/|website=http://ast

...e = ru}}</ref> they were renamed to '''Urozhai''' in 1955 and '''Kairat''' in 1956.<ref name="History" /> The club's home ground is the [[Central Stadium ...USSR]]. Kairat is considered to be one of the most popular football clubs in Kazakhstan.

| years2 = 1997–1999 |clubs2 = [[FC Kairat|Kairat]] |caps2 | nationalyears1 = 1997–2009 |nationalteam1 = [[Kazakhstan national football team|Kazakhstan]] |n

| caption = Sergei Lukyanenko in 2011 ...rn 11 April 1968) is a [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]] author, writing in [[Russian language|Russian]], and is one of the most popular contemporary [

| label = Melody Records(1988-1993)<br>Soyuz Records (1994-1997)<br>ORT-Records (1998-2000)<br>NOX Music (2001-2004)<br>Ark Records (UK) (2 ...frontman Batyrkhan Shukenov (vocal and sax). The band was created in 1982 in [[Almaty]], then called Alma-Ata, hence called "Alma-Ata Studio". Later, th

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

| caption = Sergey Kalmykov in 1946, Portrait by [[Leonid Leontiev]] ...dedicated all his time and mental energy to produce the art works. He died in a psychiatric clinic where he was placed shortly before his death due to hi

| amateuryears1 = 1997 ::'''[[General classification in the Vuelta a España|General classification]]''' ([[2006 Vuelta a España|2

!colspan="2"|[[UEFA|Europe]] |[[1997-98 Ukrainian Second League|1997-98]]

...surk/><ref name=poirk/> After retiring from competition, he began coaching in the United States. He is the coach of [[Luiz Manella]] and [[Isadora Willia ! 1997–98

...milar to ''[[kefir]]'', but is produced from a liquid [[starter culture]], in contrast to the solid ''kefir'' "grains". Because mare's milk contains more .... Before [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]], the cow's milk is fortified in one of several ways. [[Sucrose]] may be added to allow a comparable ferment

...of 62.2 percent.<ref>{{cite web|title= About 10 million are Internet users in Kazakhstan |url=http://www.inform.kz/rus/article/2614489 |website=www.infor ...456,000 in 2008.5 Despite these increases, Internet usage is concentrated in urban centers, while outside those centers access remains beyond the reach

...er]]'' franchise. Published by [[Eidos Interactive]], it is the first game in the series not to be developed by [[Core Design]], but by [[Crystal Dynamic ...ider Trilogy]]'' collection released in March 2011 and has been remastered in HD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-12-20-ps3-to

| series = ''[[James Bond in video games|James Bond]]'' ...iplayer video game|multiplayer]] mode where up to four players can compete in different types of [[deathmatch]] and objective-based games.

...as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. ...|archivedate=27 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It suspended its membership in 2012. The CSTO is an observer organization at the [[United Nations General

...transl|ru|''Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza''}}), abbreviated in English as '''CPSU''',{{efn|Sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist P ...rty]]), a revolutionary group led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which seized power in the aftermath of the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. The party was dissolve

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

| caption=Aliyev in April 2007 | education = law degree, 1997; Ph.D economics, 2005

...plomat]], having served as representative for the U.S. mostly in [[Eastern Europe]]. ...in the Nuclear and Space Talks in [[Geneva]] and at the American Embassies in [[Moscow]] and [[Brasilia]]. He was an international affairs fellow at the

...st of United States Foreign Service Career Ambassadors|Career Ambassador]] in 2004.<ref name="StateList1">{{cite web|url=http://history.state.gov/departm ...was born in Munich to parents in the [[U.S. Foreign Service]], and grew up in [[Moscow]] and [[Berlin]], where she attended local schools.<ref>[http://gl

...]] and [[Atyrau Region|Atyrau]] regions are both partly located in Eastern Europe as the [[Ural River]] run through [[Atyrau]] and [[Oral, Kazakhstan|Oral]], ...art of Akmola. The 1990s merges were in order to dilute Russian population in the resulting region and to avoid having regions where Russians form majori

| caption =Participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ...read of [[nuclear weapon]]s and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of [[Nuclear technology|nuclear energy]], and to further

...onvention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region | date_signed = 11 April 1997

...4. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous [[Human impact on th ...l., "International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments."] Chapter 13 in: ''Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Worki

...ntion signed in [[Espoo]], [[Finland]], in 1991 that entered into force in 1997. The Convention sets out the obligations of Parties—that is States that h The first amendment was adopted in [[Sofia]] in 2001; it has entered into force 26 August 2014 (https://treaties.un.org/Pag

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...lt = Parties to the convention include almost the full Americas, Europe, large parts of Asia, Oceania, and about 50% of Africa ...]], it applies to arbitrations which are not considered as domestic awards in the state where recognition and enforcement is sought. Though other interna

...e = CEDAW Participation.svg|right|400px|thumb| Participation in the CEDAW ...mination Against Women''' ('''CEDAW''') is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].

...[[Ramsar, Mazandaran|Ramsar]] in [[Iran]], where the Convention was signed in 1971. ...ommendations) to administer the work of the Convention and improve the way in which the Parties are able to implement its objectives.

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/>

| caption = A depiction of the Jeltoqsan events on Republic Square in Almaty ...db=all "Nationalist riots in Kazakhstan: Violent nationalist riots erupted in Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazakhstan, on 17 and 18 December 1986"], Informaw

...y all of [[Asia]] (as well as [[Mongol invasion of Europe|parts of Eastern Europe]]) save for [[Japan]], the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate of E ...ess than a year later, when a Mongol caravan and its envoys were massacred in the Khwarezmian city of [[Otrar]].

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe

...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref> ...h|2007|p=25}}.</ref> Astride a major artery of commerce between [[northern Europe]] and [[southwestern Asia]], Khazaria became one of the foremost trading em

...'''Prime Ministers of Kazakhstan''', from the establishment of the office in 1920 to the present day. | 10 October 1997

...tle=KNB Gives Kazakh Uranium Company Head New Lawyer|periodical=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> ...tee of the Republic of Kazakhstan''' ('''NSC''') is an intelligence agency in [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name="CACI"/> It was founded on 13 July 1992.<ref>{{cit

|term_start1 = 10 December 1997 ...1288&d=3&m=9&y=2003&pix=kingdom.jpg&category=Kingdom IDB Annual Meet Opens in Almaty] Arab News</ref> and the Minister of Industry and Trade from 2003 to

....org/newsline/2003/09/5-NOT/not-190903.asp?po=y |title=Government pressure in run-up to Kazakh Council Elections |accessdate=2006-10-06 |deadurl=bot: unk In 1998 he was elected President of the [[Union of Industrialists and Entrepre

...erennial plant|perennial]], with a wide distribution, ranging from eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has grass-like leaves, thick stem and violet or bluish ...ery similar to ''[[Iris uniflora]]''.<ref name=efloras/> The other species in the ''Iris series Ruthenicae''. It can be variable with its leaf length and

...mental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several [[subspecies]]; ''[[Iris spuria subsp. carthalin ...er= botany.cz |accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref> that is about 2&nbsp;cm in diameter,<ref name=isles>A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin and D. M. Moore {{Googl

...)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]'' and in the ''Hexapogon'' section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perenn It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions

...llow flowers with an orange beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. ...nym or as a subspecies,it is a yellow dwarf iris only from central Europe. In some sources it is still listed as a subspecies of ''Iris humilis''.

...lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. It has small compact rhizomes.<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identificatio

...temperateness|temperate]] regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and ''[[Iris glaucescens]]'' became a synonym of ''Iris scarios It is similar in form to ''[[Iris pumila]]''.<ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Bearded Irise

...|abbr=on}} and the [[Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsus]] is {{convert|5.8|to|7.7|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Olsen/> The Caspian gull has a long, slender bill, acce ...ll numbers are now seen regularly in [[Great Britain|Britain]], especially in [[South-east England]], [[East Anglia]] and the [[English Midlands|Midlands