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...> but the church of Sapânta and the monasteries of Bârsana and Peri, all in Maramures, Romania, are now all higher.<ref>Burford, Tim & Longley, Norm '' ...n|Turkistan]] [[eparchy]] discussed the need for a Russian Orthodox Church in Almaty. On September 26, 1903 the bishop of Turkestan and [[Tashkent]], Pai

...able item is a silver cup bearing an inscription. The finds are on display in [[Astana]]. Situated in eastern [[Scythia]] just north of [[Sogdiana]], the kurgan contained a skel

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...of heavier aircraft possible and opened the door to many new destinations in the [[Soviet Union]].

...Central Asia. It runs from [[Kazakhstan]]'s Caspian shore to [[Xinjiang]] in China. The pipeline is owned by the [[China National Petroleum Corporation] ...і|preserve=1}} to Alashankou started in September 2004 and was completed in December 2005.<ref name=peoplesdaily2>

...Scientists (FAS)|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> The spaceport is located in the [[Kazakh Steppe|desert steppe]] of [[Baikonur]], about {{convert|200|km ...cosmodrome at the centre. It was originally built by the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the [[Soviet space program]].

{{for|the novel by [[James A. Michener]]|The Voice of Asia}} [[File:VoiceofAsiaDoor.JPG|thumb|VOA's head office in Almaty]]

| caption = Lee Kyou-hyuk at the 2008 World Cup in [[Vikingskipet Olympic Arena|Hamar]] {{Medal|Silver|[[1997 Winter Universiade|1997 Muju-Jeonju]]|500 m}}

| league = [[Asia League Ice Hockey|Asia League]] ...y League|Japan League]])<br>[[Nikkō Ice Bucks]] ([[Asia League Ice Hockey|Asia League]])

| fhtitles = 1 ([[1997–98 Four Hills Tournament|1998]]) | nttitles = 1 ([[Nordic Tournament 1997|1997]])

...itle]], bestowed to the winning ice hockey team in [[Kazakhstan]], founded in 1992. ...f the President Begins|url=http://astanatimes.com/2015/08/ice-palace-opens-in-astana-as-hockey-tournament-cup-of-the-president-begins/|website=http://ast

...e = ru}}</ref> they were renamed to '''Urozhai''' in 1955 and '''Kairat''' in 1956.<ref name="History" /> The club's home ground is the [[Central Stadium ...USSR]]. Kairat is considered to be one of the most popular football clubs in Kazakhstan.

{{MedalTableTop|JO Atlanta 1996 - Saut à la perche.jpg|250px|Igor Potapovich in [[Atlanta]] 1996}} {{MedalGold |[[1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1997 Paris]]|Pole vault}}

|caption = Alikhan Bukeikhanov in 1906. ...sh Orda]] national liberation movement. He sided with the [[westernizer]]s in the Kazakh political scene who were promoting the idea of the [[Western cul

...n on May 5, 1962 in the village of Ruzaevka, Kokshetau region. He was born in the family of Kokena Shakeev the People's Akyn of Kazakhstan and the First ...cademy of Composers and Songwriters (BACS), at the same competition winner in nomination "Best European Entry". The owner of Platinum "Tarlan Prize "ove

...rgalieva|first=Meruert|title=Группа "Уркер" в США ('Urker' in the USA)|date=2007-04-27|accessdate=2007-07-06|journal=Muz'ikoved|volume=16 ...er, he studied in a [[College or university school of music|conservatory]] in his youth, but initially dreamed of becoming a [[conductor (music)|conducto

...State Premium. She is the Rector of the Kazakh National Conservatory since 1997. * [http://aubakirova.com/ Official home page of Jania Aubakirova in Russian and English]

...stly with the plucked Dombyra of the Kazakhs and [[Komuz]] of the Kyrgyzs. In the 20th century, Kazakh Soviet musicians experimented with chorus performa ==Kui in Kazakh culture performed with dombyra==

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

...cked many Oscar prognosticators when the obscure ''Kelin'' was shortlisted in 2010 over better-known films for Italy, Korea, Norway and others. Ultimatel | align="center" | [[1992 in film|1992]]<br /><small>[[65th Academy Awards|(65th)]]</small>

'''Dilyara Nassyrova''', better known as '''Dilka Bear''' (born 1977 in [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]]), is a Kazakh artist, [[illustrator]] and [[pain ...te=March 9, 2015|publisher= Lamono Magazine|date=November 22, 2012}}</ref> In 2005 she moved to [[Trieste]], where she currently lives.<ref>{{Cite web|au

...mare's milk]]. The drink remains important to the peoples of the [[Central Asia]]n [[steppe]]s, of Huno-Bulgar, [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and Mongol origin ...milar to ''[[kefir]]'', but is produced from a liquid [[starter culture]], in contrast to the solid ''kefir'' "grains". Because mare's milk contains more

| image = [[File:Mantu in a steamer.jpg|250px]] | caption = Mantu in a steamer before cooking

...an]]''.<ref>''Food on the Move'' (ed. by Harlan Walker). Oxford Symposium, 1997. ISBN 9780907325796. Page 245.</ref> ...among the [[Crimean Tatars]] and as ''қатиқ'' among the [[Uyghurs]]. In [[Bulgaria]], ''катък'' is not a drink, but a spread that has the cons

...of 62.2 percent.<ref>{{cite web|title= About 10 million are Internet users in Kazakhstan |url=http://www.inform.kz/rus/article/2614489 |website=www.infor ...456,000 in 2008.5 Despite these increases, Internet usage is concentrated in urban centers, while outside those centers access remains beyond the reach

...r females, is a surname of Arabic origin in the [[Caucasus]] and [[Central Asia]]. It may refer to: *[[Aysun Aliyeva]] (born 1997), Azerbaijani women's footballer

..., ''master's'', and ''doctoral'' degree curricula. Most classes are taught in English and strive to create and transfer knowledge relevant to Central Asi ...he first class, consisting of 81 MBA and MA students, graduated from KIMEP in 1994.<ref name="History of KIMEP">[http://www.kimep.kz/about/history Histor

...sia-championship-power-ranking-week1 The official website of the 2015 FIBA Asia Championship - Power Ranking: Week 1], FIBA.com, 2 September 2015. Retrieve | fiba_zone= FIBA Asia

...00809041004DOWJONESDJONLINE000634_FORTUNE5.htm Kashagan First Oil Now Seen In 2014] CNN Money</ref> ...2015}}</ref> Kulibayev has been called "the most important business figure in the resource-rich" Republic of Kazakhstan.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news

...as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. ...|archivedate=27 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It suspended its membership in 2012. The CSTO is an observer organization at the [[United Nations General

...transl|ru|''Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza''}}), abbreviated in English as '''CPSU''',{{efn|Sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist P ...rty]]), a revolutionary group led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which seized power in the aftermath of the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. The party was dissolve

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

...erican]] [[diplomat]], having served as representative for the U.S. mostly in [[Eastern Europe]]. ...in the Nuclear and Space Talks in [[Geneva]] and at the American Embassies in [[Moscow]] and [[Brasilia]]. He was an international affairs fellow at the

...st of United States Foreign Service Career Ambassadors|Career Ambassador]] in 2004.<ref name="StateList1">{{cite web|url=http://history.state.gov/departm ...was born in Munich to parents in the [[U.S. Foreign Service]], and grew up in [[Moscow]] and [[Berlin]], where she attended local schools.<ref>[http://gl

...Kazakhstan]] and [[Atyrau Region|Atyrau]] regions are both partly located in Eastern Europe as the [[Ural River]] run through [[Atyrau]] and [[Oral, Kaz ...art of Akmola. The 1990s merges were in order to dilute Russian population in the resulting region and to avoid having regions where Russians form majori

...{Citation |publisher = UNESCO |title = History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=6 |publication-date = 2005 |location=Paris }}</ref> * 1918 - Soviets in power; city becomes part of the [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Rep

The '''[[Central Asia]]n [[Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone]]''' (CANWFZ) treaty is a legally binding com ...ttp://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/260825,nuclear-free-zone-in-central-asia-enters-into-force-saturday.html</ref>

| caption =Participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ...read of [[nuclear weapon]]s and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of [[Nuclear technology|nuclear energy]], and to further

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...to the convention include almost the full Americas, Europe, large parts of Asia, Oceania, and about 50% of Africa ...]], it applies to arbitrations which are not considered as domestic awards in the state where recognition and enforcement is sought. Though other interna

...e = CEDAW Participation.svg|right|400px|thumb| Participation in the CEDAW ...mination Against Women''' ('''CEDAW''') is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].

|long_name = The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora |wikisource = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

...[[Ramsar, Mazandaran|Ramsar]] in [[Iran]], where the Convention was signed in 1971. ...ommendations) to administer the work of the Convention and improve the way in which the Parties are able to implement its objectives.

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/>

|partof=the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]] |place=[[Central Asia]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]

...lt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...mi-[[Eurasian nomads|nomadic]] [[Eurasian Steppe|steppe]] people mentioned in [[China|Chinese]] records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. ...re last mentioned by the Chinese as having settled the [[Pamir Mountains]] in the 5th century AD. They possibly became subsumed into the later [[Hephthal

[[Image:Scythia-Parthia 100 BC.png|thumb|300px|Scythia and Parthia in about 170 BC (before the [[Yuezhi]] invaded Bactria).]] ...in]] and [[Taklamakan desert]] region of [[Northwest China]], they settled in [[Kingdom of Khotan|Khotan]] and [[Kashgar]] which were at various times [[

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

|image_map_caption = Provinces of Russian Turkestan in 1900 ...amarkand Citadel.JPG|left|300px|thumb|The Defence of the Samarkand Citadel in 1868]]

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe