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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...romoney.com/article.asp?ArticleID=1856080 |publisher=euromoney.com}}</ref> In 2012, the airport handled 4,003,004 passengers, including 1,997,570 arrivin

...Scientists (FAS)|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> The spaceport is located in the [[Kazakh Steppe|desert steppe]] of [[Baikonur]], about {{convert|200|km ...cosmodrome at the centre. It was originally built by the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the [[Soviet space program]].

| caption = Lee Kyou-hyuk at the 2008 World Cup in [[Vikingskipet Olympic Arena|Hamar]] ...[[South Korea]]n long track [[Speed skating|speed skater]] who specializes in the 500 and 1,000 meters. He was the 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011 [[World Spri

|beganskating= 1994 ...Figure Skating Championships|Uzbekistan national]] titles. He has finished in the top-ten at four [[ISU Figure Skating Championships|ISU Championships]],

...itle]], bestowed to the winning ice hockey team in [[Kazakhstan]], founded in 1992. ...f the President Begins|url=http://astanatimes.com/2015/08/ice-palace-opens-in-astana-as-hockey-tournament-cup-of-the-president-begins/|website=http://ast

...e = ru}}</ref> they were renamed to '''Urozhai''' in 1955 and '''Kairat''' in 1956.<ref name="History" /> The club's home ground is the [[Central Stadium ...USSR]]. Kairat is considered to be one of the most popular football clubs in Kazakhstan.

...url=http://www.jewsinsports.org/olympics.asp?ID=135 |title=Uc_Hilal : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum |publisher=Jewsinsports.org |date= |accessdate=Febr Alekseyev held Soviet and Israeli records in the 1990s.<ref name="haaretz1" />

| caption = Sergei Lukyanenko in 2011 ...rn 11 April 1968) is a [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]] author, writing in [[Russian language|Russian]], and is one of the most popular contemporary [

| label = Melody Records(1988-1993)<br>Soyuz Records (1994-1997)<br>ORT-Records (1998-2000)<br>NOX Music (2001-2004)<br>Ark Records (U ...frontman Batyrkhan Shukenov (vocal and sax). The band was created in 1982 in [[Almaty]], then called Alma-Ata, hence called "Alma-Ata Studio". Later, th

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

...' refers to the [[film industry]] based in [[Kazakhstan]]. [[Film|Cinema]] in Kazakhstan can be traced back to the early 20th century. Today, Kazakhstan ...rrie, Maureen. ''The Cult of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin's Russia (Studies in Russian and Eastern European History and Society) ''. New York: Palgrave, 2

::'''[[General classification in the Vuelta a España|General classification]]''' ([[2006 Vuelta a España|2 ::[[Combination classification in the Vuelta a España|Combination classification]] (2006)

| caption = Dallman with [[SKA Saint Petersburg]] in 2012. ...affiliate the [[Providence Bruins]], Dallman made his debut for the Bruins in the [[2005–06 NHL season|2005–06]] season.

{{MedalSilver| [[1994 Asian Games|1994 Hiroshima]] | [[Weightlifting at the 1994 Asian Games| -91 kg]]}} ...[[snatch (weightlifting)|snatch]], three in the [[clean and jerk]] and one in the total.<ref name=chid/><ref name=sr/>

...of 62.2 percent.<ref>{{cite web|title= About 10 million are Internet users in Kazakhstan |url=http://www.inform.kz/rus/article/2614489 |website=www.infor ...456,000 in 2008.5 Despite these increases, Internet usage is concentrated in urban centers, while outside those centers access remains beyond the reach

...ng chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in 2010. ...the Secretary of State represents his interests in international affairs, in relations with the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, state bodies,

...te= |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref> <br> '''PC Engine''' <br> September 22, 1994<ref name="famitsu-pce"/> <br>'''PlayStation''' <br> {{vgrelease|JP|February ...ack and slash]] [[Platform game|platformer]] set in a [[dystopian]] future in the year 2048 and features a wide range of settings that dramatically affec

| dates2 = 1972-1994 | dates3 = 1994-2009

| commander-in-chief = [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] | commander-in-chief_title =

...as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. ...|archivedate=27 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It suspended its membership in 2012. The CSTO is an observer organization at the [[United Nations General

| purpose = Extensive and democratic dialogue in solving global challenges ...e place in May 2012 | publisher=''[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]]'' | accessdate=January 30, 2013}}</ref>

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

== Career in Soviet Union == ...iplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in Moscow in a training course for senior diplomats.

...sia and Belarus, transformed into the [[Eurasian Economic Community]] then in 2015 into the [[Eurasian Economic Union]]. President Nazarbayev has priorit ...n&id=132061</ref> Kazakhstan has called for “intra-regional integration in Central Asia” and international integration of the region.<ref name=TW1>{

...uropean Union and its member states were ratified by the Kazakh Parliament in March 2016.<ref name="InterfaxPCA">{{cite news|title=Kazakh parliament rati ...gnature-of-the-enhanced-partnership-and-cooperation-agreement/|website=New Europe|publisher=European Council}}</ref>

...plomat]], having served as representative for the U.S. mostly in [[Eastern Europe]]. ...in the Nuclear and Space Talks in [[Geneva]] and at the American Embassies in [[Moscow]] and [[Brasilia]]. He was an international affairs fellow at the

...and Foreign Affairs. Napper entered the [[United States Foreign Service]] in August 1974. ...eceived an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship in the office of Representative [[Lee H. Hamilton]].

| caption =Participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ...read of [[nuclear weapon]]s and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of [[Nuclear technology|nuclear energy]], and to further

..._name = Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict ...IC&URL_SECTION=201.html Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict - 1954] (information by UNESCO)</ref>

...Programme]] (EMEP), directed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). ...es the Executive Secretary of the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) as its secretariat. The current parties to the Convention are sho

| date_effective = {{Start date and age|1994|03|21|df=yes}}<ref>See the [http://unfccc.int/essential_background/conventi ...4. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous [[Human impact on th

| date_signed = {{Start date|1994|09|09|df=y}}<ref name=convention/> ...{{cite journal|date=June 2016|title=Accessing patent information published in Russia – Part 1: Eurasian Patent Office|journal=Patent Information News|p

|name=Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe ...y, Russia formally announced it was "completely" halting its participation in it as of the next day.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/new

...nt which establishes a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the [[energy industry]]. The treaty covers all aspects of commercial energy ...ased on integrating the energy sectors of the [[Soviet Union]] and Eastern Europe at the end of the [[Cold War]] into the broader European and world markets.

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...lt = Parties to the convention include almost the full Americas, Europe, large parts of Asia, Oceania, and about 50% of Africa ...]], it applies to arbitrations which are not considered as domestic awards in the state where recognition and enforcement is sought. Though other interna

...e = CEDAW Participation.svg|right|400px|thumb| Participation in the CEDAW ...mination Against Women''' ('''CEDAW''') is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].

...[[WHO]]}}</ref> It had been signed by 168 countries and is legally binding in 180 [[ratifying]] countries.<ref name="who-fctc-p"/> There are currently 16 ...mum requirements, and signatories are encouraged to be even more stringent in regulating tobacco than the treaty requires them to be.<ref name="Brandt, A

...prices and the failure of export earnings to keep pace with import demand in developing countries. ...sidies-in-the-wto-green-box-ensuring-coherence-with Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box], [[ICTSD]], September 2009.</ref>

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

...hampionship|Kazakhstan Championship]]<br>[[VTB United League]]<br />[[FIBA Europe Cup]] ...ional [[basketball]] club that is based in the capital city of [[Astana]], in [[Kazakhstan]].

| image = Photo of Eugene Schuyler, American Consul-General in Constantinople.jpg ...sion, House of Representatives, Document No. 276, Compilation of Treaties in Force, Prepared Under Act of July 7, 1898 |volume= |edition= |publisher=

...y all of [[Asia]] (as well as [[Mongol invasion of Europe|parts of Eastern Europe]]) save for [[Japan]], the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate of E ...ess than a year later, when a Mongol caravan and its envoys were massacred in the Khwarezmian city of [[Otrar]].

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...och (reference date)|epoch]]al threat to [[Christendom]], and would invade Europe during the [[Christian eschatology|tribulations]] leading to the end of the ...r Romance'', and the only ones named in the version of the story appearing in [[Qur'an]] [[Sura]] [[al-Kahf]] (The Cave) 18:89, while ''[[John Mandeville

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe

...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref> ...h|2007|p=25}}.</ref> Astride a major artery of commerce between [[northern Europe]] and [[southwestern Asia]], Khazaria became one of the foremost trading em

...'''Prime Ministers of Kazakhstan''', from the establishment of the office in 1920 to the present day. | 12 October 1994

|term_end4 = October 1994 ...ad the OSCE. Yesimov noted that Kazakhstan produced 60 million tons of oil in 2005 and predicted production would soon reach "100 million tons and more.