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From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

  • | associations = [[Lutheran World Federation|LWF]], [[Conference of European Churches|CCE]] ...EN.pdf The Lutheran World Federation – 2013 Membership Figures] Lutheran World</ref> in more than 400 congregations<ref name='ELCA-ELCROS'>{{cite web | ur
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  • ...them from conquering additional [[Song]] territory.<ref>5 Steps to a 5: AP World History (5 Steps to a 5) by Peggy Martin (2004) p.115</ref> Despite the fac ...8No16.pdf]</ref> Archaeologists trace back falconry in Central Asia to the first or second millennium BC.<ref name="Article on ancient falconry by Keith Dob
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  • ...epublic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park of the First President; View of the [[Almaty Tower]]. |established_title = First settled
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  • ..., but preventive efforts will continue."<ref name=LOCUS>[http://en.rian.ru/world/20061010/54690269.html Kazakh minister reports new cases in HIV transfusion ...d to have been infected.<ref name=CONVICTION>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-27-kazakhstan-aids_N.htm?csp=34 21 convicted in Kazakh AIDS case] U
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  • ...t by a French-financed Russian-managed private railway consortium. [[World War I]] put an end of this project. ...|1442|km}} of railway were constructed with great fanfare as part of the [[First Five-Year Plan]] between 1928 and 1932.
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  • ...website=University of Birmingham|accessdate=29 August 2016}}</ref> For the first part of the 20th century it was the only railway-connection between [[Europ | first = Angus
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  • ...12/16/content_290658.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/etlo.htm East Turkistan Liberation Organization (ETLO)] Globalsecurity ...sive "counter-terror" policies.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/etlo.htm</ref>
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  • ...ld-First-Ever-Joint-Terrorism-Exercises.html China/Kazakhstan: Forces Hold First-Ever Joint Terrorism Exercises] Uyghur American Association</ref> ...2772a5e9.html Five Years After 9/11: Crackdowns Loom Behind Central Asia's War On Terror] RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty</ref>
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  • ...e honor of a woman. After his release, he began to move up in the criminal world, selling goods on the [[black market]]. Later Ivankov became involved in ga ...imirović all used the services of attorney [[Robert S. Wolf]]; he was the first American lawyer to be allowed into Russian prisons in Siberia.
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  • ....<ref name="Schwirtz">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/29/world/europe/29iht-moscow.4.14865004.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | title=Vory v Zako ...ovskoy Mir'' ({{lang-ru|воровской мир}}) or "Criminal/ Thieves World".
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  • ...|former Soviet Union]].<ref>Schreck, Carl. [http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/the-whos-who-of-moscow-mobsters The Who's Who of Moscow mobsters], ' ...t lawlessness".<ref>Schwirtz, Michael. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/30/world/europe/30russia.html In a River Raid, a Glimpse of Russia's Criminal Elite]
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  • ...atch]], [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/kazakhstan World Report 2015: Kazakhstan], accessed October 2015.</ref> ...esident to run in snap election – again |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/11/kazakhstan-president-early-election-nursultan-nazarbayev|access
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  • ...= Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages The '''Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages''' (KazUIR & WL, Ablai Khan University), or Kazakh State Teacher'
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  • ...d superhuman. He was supported with the love of [[Börte]], Genghis Khan's first and the most loved wife, who couldn't be taken away from him by anybody." ...akhstan. Bulat loves the vast steppe, dusks and dawns. He loves this whole world. He is a former sailor of the Pacific Fleet, and he wishes of becoming shep
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  • ...the ethnography and [[dialect]]s of the [[Volga Tatars]], being one of the first to investigate the [[Mishar]] dialect of the [[Tatars]]. ...r of the USSR Academy of Sciences in language and literature. During World War II, Malov worked in [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]] as a Professor in the [[Al-Farabi U
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  • ...oon after the [[Operation Barbarossa|Nazi German Invasion]] during [[World War II]]. Large portions of the community were imprisoned in the [[Gulag|Soviet ...lag: the Oppression of the German Minority in the Soviet Union|last=Merten|first=Ulrich|publisher=American Historical Society of Germans from Russia|year=20
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  • ...i/A-Br/Belarusan|work=World Culture Encyclopedia|title=Belarusan americans|first=Vituat|last=Kipel|accessdate=July 28, 2016}}</ref>–768,000<ref>{{cite web ...hite Russians]] that opposed the [[Bolshevik]]s during the [[Russian Civil War]]) and similar forms. Belarusians trace their name back to the people of [[
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  • ...[http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/structure/ukr_gromady/Kazakhstan.html Ukrainian World Coordinating Council Website]</ref> ...both voluntary and involuntary Ukrainian settlers came to Kazakhstan. The first Ukrainians to arrive were exiled [[Haidamaka|Haidamaks]], members of parami
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  • The Ingush came under Russian rule in 1810, but during [[World War II]] they were falsely accused of collaborating with the [[Nazi Germany|Naz .... The average heterozygosity is less than that for any other region of the world, with the exception of Sahul. Within the Caucasus, Ingushians have much low
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  • The [[First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union]] in 1926 recorded 8,570 [[Ottoman Tur ...& Broxup 1983 loc=30">{{Harvnb|Bennigsen|Broxup|1983|loc=30}}.</ref> Thus, war against Turkey seemed possible, and [[Joseph Stalin]] wanted to clear the s
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  • The first [[Russians|Russian]] traders and soldiers began to appear on the northweste ...eize Kazakh territory because the local [[khanate]]s were preoccupied by a war with [[Kalmyks]] ([[Oirats]], [[Dzungars]]). Kazakhs were increasingly caug
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  • ...shortages caused by [[World War II]].<ref name=Byong>{{cite news|last=Ban|first=Byung-yool|title=Koreans in Russia: Historical Perspective|url=http://times ...to be the preferred term.<ref name="King">{{citation|format=DOC|last=King|first=Ross|last2=Kim|first2=German N.|title=Introduction|url=http://www.koryosara
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  • ...s, and transported many of them eastwards, where thousands died. After the war, the Soviet Union expelled some ethnic Germans to the West. In the late 198 ...m Russian lands while maintaining their language and culture. Although the first received little response, the second improved the benefits offered and was
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  • ...up="nb" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html|title=Moldova}}</ref> ...le=Romanian 2011 census |publisher=www.edrc.ro|accessdate=2011-12-13|last=|first=}}</ref>
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  • In the [[Ferghana Valley]], the first Dungans to appear in [[Central Asia]] originated from [[Yining City|Kuldja] ...e Catholic Village|volume=Volume 26 of Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes|first=Henrietta|last=Harrison|year=2013|publisher=University of California Press|
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  • ...ocal warlords in return for trading privileges.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zenian|first=David|title=Armenians in Central Asia|url=http://www.agbu.org/publications/ ...history can be traced back to the Soviet days, particularly after [[World War II]], when [[Armenian Diaspora|diaspora Armenians]], encouraged to settle i
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  • ...ing group<ref name=astridmenz>{{cite book |last=Menz |first=Astrid |editor-first=Doğan |editor-last=Kuban |title=The Turkic speaking peoples |publisher=Pre ...agauz as "Turkish speaking Bulgars".<ref name="ReferenceA">Encyclopedia of World Cultures | 1996 | Gouboglu, Mikhail; Friedrich, Paul</ref> Astrid Menz writ
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  • ...tant at 4.1% in 1959–1989, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html#People CIA estimates] this share declined to 3% in 19 ...ssdate=5 February 2012}}</ref><ref>"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public L
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  • [[File:Map-Kypchak Language World.png|thumb|Contemporary distribution of [[Kipchak languages]]: <span style=" ...g'') in the [[Mongolian plateau]] in the 12th century CE. The name "Tatar" first appears in written form on the [[Kul Tigin]] monument as 𐱃𐱃𐰺 (''Ta
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  • ...e= |accessdate=2014-02-04}}</ref> to 2 million<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27599836</ref> ...les], RFE/RL, March 12, 2009</ref>–200,000<ref>{{cite web|last=Rothkopf |first=David |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/24/the_wanderer_chech
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  • ...moyedic]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=David|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures|publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8161-1808 -3| url=https:/ The first person who seriously researched Siberian Tatar language was [[Gabdulkhay Ak
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  • ...ore widely accepted than Turkic one.<ref name="rorlich"/> Ethnonym "Tatar" first emerged in the fifth century CE/AD.<ref name="brittanica">{{cite web |url=h ...teppes to the Middle Volga and lower [[Kama River|Kama]] region during the first half of the eighth century.<ref name="rorlich"/> In the period of 10th–13
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  • ...tle=Population: 28,661,637 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 80%]|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013}} ...Afghan Population: 31,108,077 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 9%]|publisher=The World Factbook|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013}}</
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  • ...www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=Cia.gov|date= |accessdate=22 July 2012}}</ref> ...ates such as [[Belarus]]. A large [[Russian diaspora]] exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Ru
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  • ...hreat |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=October 9, 2008 |website=The Long War Journal|publisher=Foundation for Defense of Democracy}}</ref> ...against Chinese authorities.<ref name="Shichor">{{cite journal|last=Sichor|first=Yitzhak|title=Fact and Fiction: A Chinese Documentary on Eastern Turkestan
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  • ...901 in [[Yengisar County]], [[Kashgar]], [[Qing Dynasty]]. He headed the [[First East Turkestan Republic]] in Kashgar from November 12, 1933 to February 6,
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  • ...n Whitfield|authorlink=Susan Whitfield|title=The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith |year=2004 |publisher=Serindia Publications |page=27 |url=https:/ ...south of the Tianshan, and ruled them in separate administrative units at first.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=
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  • {{Infobox War on Terror detainee |publisher=[[World Radio Switzerland]]
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  • ...nid dynasty|Kara-Khanid]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]]; in 934, he was one of the first [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] rulers to convert to [[Islam]],<ref>[[András Ró ...ntified in the 10th century book ''[[Hudud al-'alam]]'' (The Limits of the World) as a "populous village of the [[Yagma|Yaghma]]", the Yaghma being one of t
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  • ...newspaper = [[New York Times]] | date = September 28, 2016 | last = Wong | first = Edward | title = Modern Life Presents Nomads of China's Steppe With a 'Tr ...stated that "Uyghur blood was pouring like a murmuring stream" during this war.
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  • {{Infobox War on Terror detainee ...|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714190034/http://washingtontimes.com/world/20060217-105337-6696r.htm |date=July 14, 2006 }}. Washington Times. 18 Febr
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  • ...cient [[Kingdom of Khotan]] was one of the earliest Buddhist states in the world and a cultural bridge across which Buddhist culture and learning were trans ...rco Polo: the travels|year=1958|page=80 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Frances|title=The Silk Road: two thousand years in the heart of Asia|year=2
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  • ...West Center|isbn=978-1-932728-80-4|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 8 January 2015 |title= Uygur Ajan Rabia Kadir, Doğu Türkistanlı ...>{{cite web | title=A Little Primer of Xinjiang Proper Nouns | last=Mair | first=Victor | authorlink=Victor Mair | work=[[Language Log]] | accessdate=30 Jul
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  • Kokandi-supported Khoja of the White Mountain faction first launched his attack on the Qing in 1825, killing Chinese civilians and the ...elon Collier|pages=312–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Nations of the World: China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA312&dq=When+
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  • ...e Whale-Fish," "Cursed Lips," "Captain Bering," and "Baron Germont Went to War." Since 1998, he has been living in [[Israel]] and has made periodic tours ...he has been acclaimed throughout the [[Russian language|Russian]]-speaking world and has performed in numerous locations in Russia, Europe, and the United S
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  • |office1 = [[First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|General Secretary]] of the<br>[[Wo ...1<br><small>Acting leader 8 July 1994 - 8 October 1997</small><br><small>[[First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|Eternal General Secretary]] since
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  • ...paratist|date=May 2013|volume=37|doi=10.1353/com.2013.0012|last=David-West|first=Alzo|title=Review Essays: Tatiana Gabroussenko, Soldiers on the Cultural Fr ...the [[Korean War]], Cho wrote wartime propaganda poems. He died during the war in an American bombing raid. He and his works are still renowned in North K
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  • ...www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=}}</ref><ref>http://belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statisti ....GDP.MKTP.CD | title=GDP (current US$) | publisher=[[World Bank]] | work=[[World Development Indicators]] | accessdate=30 May 2015}}</ref>
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  • ...rodotus' story and modern reports,<ref>Adrienne Mayor, Peter Dodson, ''The first fossil hunters: paleontology in Greek and Roman times'', Princeton Universi | first = R.G.
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  • ...rected on the 40th anniversary of the Soviet people’s victory in [[World War II]]. It is located in the square on Rabochaya street.
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