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| − | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
| + | {{Infobox East Asian |
| − | {{Infobox gymnast | + | |title=Nikolai Shin |
| − | | name = Nellie Kim | + | |sort=russian1 |
| − | | image = Nellie Kim 1980.jpg | + | |hangul=신순남 |
| − | | caption = Kim at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] | + | |hanja=申順南 |
| − | | fullname = Nellie Vladimirovna Kim | + | |mr=Shin Sun-nam |
| − | | altname = | + | |rr=Sin Sunnam |
| − | | nickname = | + | |cyrillic=Николай Сергеевич Шин |
| − | | country = {{URS}} | + | |romanization=Nikolay Sergeevich Shin |
| − | | formercountry = | + | |
| − | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1957|07|29}}
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| − | | birth_place = [[Shurab, Tajikistan|Shurab]], [[Tajik SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
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| − | | hometown =
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| − | | residence =
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| − | | death_date =
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| − | | death_place =
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| − | | height = 152 cm
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| − | | weight = 47 kg
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| − | | discipline = WAG
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| − | | level =
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| − | | natlteam =
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| − | | club = Spartak Shymkent (Kazakhstan)<br />Soviet Army Minsk (Belarus)
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| − | | gym =
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| − | | collegeteam =
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| − | | headcoach =
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| − | | assistcoach =
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| − | | formercoach =
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| − | | choreographer =
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| − | | music =
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| − | | eponymousskills =
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| − | | retired =
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| − | | show-medals = yes
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| − | | medaltemplates = <!-- see [[Template:MedalRelatedTemplates]] -->
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| − | {{MedalCountry | {{USSR}} }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|Team]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's vault|Vault]] }}
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| − | {{MedalGold | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's floor|Floor]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|Team]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's floor|Floor]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around|All-around]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalCompetition | [[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1974 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1974 Varna]] | Team }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1978 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1978 Strasbourg]] | Team }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1978 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1978 Strasbourg]] | Vault }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1978 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1978 Strasbourg]] | Floor }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979 Fort Worth]] | All-around }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1978 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1978 Strasboug]] | All-around }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979 Fort Worth]] | Team }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979 Fort Worth]] | Balance beam }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979 Fort Worth]] | Floor }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1974 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1974 Varna]] | Balance beam }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979 Fort Worth]] | Vault }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalCompetition | [[Artistic Gymnastics World Cup|World Cup Final]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | 1979 Tokyo | All-around }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | 1979 Tokyo | Vault }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | 1979 Tokyo | Balance beam }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalCompetition | [[European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1975 Skien]] | Floor }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalGold | [[1977 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1977 Prague]] | Vault }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1975 Skien]] | All-around }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1975 Skien]] | Balance beam }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalSilver | [[1977 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1977 Prague]] | Balance beam }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1975 Skien]] | Vault }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1975 Skien]] | Uneven bars }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1977 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1977 Prague]] | All-around }}
| + | |
| − | {{MedalBronze | [[1977 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1977 Prague]] | Floor }}
| + | |
| | }} | | }} |
| | + | '''Nikolai Shin''' (1928 in [[Dalnegorsk]], [[Primorsky Krai]], [[Soviet Union]] – August 18, 2006 in [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]]) was an Uzbekistani painter of [[Gyopo|Korean descent]], sometimes referred to by Korean newspapers as the "[[Picasso]] of Asia".<ref name=Izvestia>{{cite news|title=Культурная интеграция (Cultural Integration)|last=Zhanuzakova|first=Mayra|publisher=Izvestia|date=2004-11-12|accessdate=2007-02-10|url=http://www.izvestia.kz/news.php?date=12-11-04&number=8|language=Russian}}</ref><ref name=Donga>{{cite news|url=http://www.donga.com/fbin/moeum?n=dstory$c_165&a=v&l=8&id=200608250110|publisher=Donga Ilbo|date=2006-08-25|accessdate=2007-02-10|script-title=ko:(명복을 빕니다)‘아시아의 피카소’ 신순남 화백 별세|last=Jeong|first=Ui-yong|language=Korean}}</ref> |
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| − | '''Nellie Vladimirovna Kim''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: {{lang|rus|Нелли Владимировна Ким}}; born 29 July 1957) is a retired [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] gymnast who won three gold medals and a silver medal at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in [[Montreal]], and two gold medals at the [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Summer Olympics]]. She was the second woman in Olympic history to earn a [[Perfect 10 (gymnastics)|perfect 10]] score and the first woman to score it on the [[vault (gymnastics)|vault]] and on the [[floor exercise]], rivaling [[Nadia Comăneci]], [[Ludmilla Tourischeva]], and other strong competitors of the 1970s. Nellie Kim worked for a long time as a coach, training several national teams, and judged many major international competitions. As President of the Women's Artistic Gymnastics Technical Committee, she coordinates the introduction of new rules in women's gymnastics, as provided by the new ''[[Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)|Code of Points]]'', developed by the [[Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique|FIG]] in 2004–2005 and in effect since 2006. Her gymnastic appearances are remembered for "her strong feminine, temperamental and charismatic appeal".<ref>{{cite web | title = Nellie Kim | work = [[International Federation of Gymnastics]] | url = http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/events/athletes/bio.jsp?ID=4893 | accessdate = 17 April 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311045804/http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/events/athletes/bio.jsp?ID=4893 | archivedate = 11 March 2007}}</ref>
| + | == Biography == |
| | | | |
| − | ==Early life== | + | === Early life === |
| − | Nellie Kim was born in [[Shurab, Tajikistan|Shurab]], [[Tajik SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]. She is the daughter of a [[Sakhalin Korean]] father, Vladimir Kim, and a [[Tatar]] mother, Alfiya Safina.<ref name=sr>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ki/nelli-kim-1.html}}</ref> Later the family moved to [[Kazakh SSR]], where her father worked in the [[Chimkent]] slate factory. At age 9, she entered [[Chimkent]] City [[Children and Youth Sports School]] 3<ref name="book" /><ref name="BY_NOC">{{cite web | script-title = ru:КИМ Нелли Владимировна (гимнастика спортивная) | work = [[Belarus Olympic Committee]] | url = http://www.noc.by/bsog/htdocs/47 | language = Russian | accessdate = 21 March 2008}}</ref> of the [[Spartak (sports society)|Spartak Sports Society]]. Two other children in the family, her younger brother Alexander and her sister Irina, also entered a gymnastics school and trained for some time. Alexander was harassed by his classmates in the secondary school for his small stature and retired from gymnastics in favor of boxing. Irina, whom Nellie Kim considered more talented than she herself was, retired because of the demands of the frequent training sessions.<ref name="book">{{cite book | first = Nellie | last = Kim | title = Schastlivyy pomost (Lucky Gymnastics Platform) | year = 1985 | publisher = Molodaya Gvardiya | location = Moscow | language = ru}}</ref>
| + | Shin's childhood was filled with hardships. His father died at the age of 21, when Shin was only 4; his mother remarried the following year, sending he and his sister to live with his grandmother. In 1937, he and his family were [[Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union|deported to Central Asia]] along with all other [[Koryo-saram|ethnic Koreans in the Russian Far East]]. After the deportations, his family stayed in the [[Kazakh SSR]] for a few years before eventually settling in [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek SSR]] (now [[Uzbekistan]]) in 1940.<ref name=Choi>{{cite paper|url=http://www.ctman.net/english/articles/article05.html|author=Choi Tae-man|title=The Painting of Nikolai Sergeevich Shin|accessdate=2007-02-12|year=2003|publisher=Kookmin University}}</ref> His sister became infected with [[malaria]] and died at the age of 16, leaving Shin as sole breadwinner for his mother and grandmother; Shin spoke of his memories of tilling the rocky soil with his bare hands, trying to eke out a living. Eventually, unable to care for his grandmother, he sent her to live with relatives in the [[Kazakh SSR]], where she too died.<ref name=SkyBlueHometown>{{cite web|url=http://www.sky-blue.co.kr/english/picture.html|title=Sky-Blue Hometown|last=Kim|first=So-young|publisher=Cinemaya|year=2001|accessdate=2007-02-10}}</ref><ref name=KoreaHeute>{{cite news|title="Hometown" erzählt eine vergessene Geschichte |url=http://www.koreaheute.de/kultur/0503/Kul007.htm |date=May 2003 |accessdate=2007-02-11 |publisher=KOREAheute |language=German |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008165730/http://www.koreaheute.de/kultur/0503/Kul007.htm |archivedate=2006-10-08 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> |
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| − | Kim's trainers were [[Vladimir Baidin]] and his wife, Galina Barkova. Initially, she did not have sufficient flexibility as compared with many of her fellow gymnasts, but she was soon able to compensate with superior technique and the difficulty of her exercises. So she quickly became the best in Soviet gymnastics.
| + | === Artistic career === |
| | + | [[Image:NikolaiShinRequiem..jpg|left|thumb|250px|A panel from ''Requiem'']] |
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| − | One of Kim's earliest successes was her victory in the republican Spartak's competition, held in [[Chimkent]] in 1969. Nevertheless, a year later she was said to "have no future" by celebrated gymnast [[Larisa Latynina]].<ref name="wh">{{cite web | title = Whatever Happened to Nelli Kim? | work = GymnasticGreats.com | url = http://www.gymn.ca/gymnasticgreats/wag/kim_nelli.htm | accessdate = 13 April 2006}}</ref> After that verdict, Kim was close to leaving gymnastics but persevered with support from Baidin. At the 1971 Junior USSR Championships, her first national competition, she placed fifth in the all-around. The national junior success, as well as senior national and international debuts followed two years later. Kim won the all-around title and two more gold medals at the All-Union Youth Sports Games, placed 8th in the all-around and 1st on the [[uneven bars]] at the USSR Cup and won the prestigious Chunichi Cup in [[Japan]]. After a second-place finish at the USSR Cup in August 1974, she was added to the team roster for the [[1974 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|World Championships]], held in October, where Kim earned the gold medal in the team competition. Afterwards, and until 1980, she successfully competed in many top-level international events.
| + | In 1949, Shin graduated from Tashkent's Benkov Art School, and began his career in painting, first receiving acclaim for his work in 1957, when he won the grand prize at the International Youth Festival in Moscow and the second prize in the Republican Festival of Young Artists of Uzbekistan.<ref name=Choi/> In 1960, he graduated from Atropsky Art College, also in Tashkent; after his graduation, he began work on his painting ''Requiem'', which would take him until 1982 to complete. ''Requiem'', painted on a canvas three metres tall and forty-four metres wide in primary colors, depicts people without eyes, noses, or mouths; Shin has stated that this was meant to represent the sense of enslavement and namelessness felt by the [[Koryo-saram]] as a result of the deportations.<ref name=SkyBlueHometown/> Following his completion of ''Requiem'', Shin would go on to paint other works on the theme of the deportations and of Korean culture in Central Asia; he began to become well known in the West with his solo exhibition in Moscow in 1990, and another in Tashkent in 1991. Eventually, his art attracted the attention of the Central Asian-American Enterprise Fund, who offered him financial support, enabling him to hold further exhibitions.<ref name=Choi/> His work was recognised by the Korean government in 1997, when they awarded him with the [[Order of Culture Merit (South Korea)|Order of Culture Merit]] ([[:ko:문화훈장|문화훈장]]); he then donated ''Requiem'' to the Museum of Contemporary Art.<ref name=Donga/><ref name=IDFA>{{cite web|url=http://www.idfa.nl/idfa_en_filmarchive_film.asp?filmid=1493 |publisher=International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam |year=2001 |accessdate=2007-02-12 |title=Sky-Blue Hometown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001105850/http://www.idfa.nl/idfa_en_filmarchive_film.asp?filmid=1493 |archivedate=2006-10-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> |
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| − | Nellie Kim's nickname among USSR teammates and team coaches was "Kimanellie," which she earned, when a trainer [[Vladislav Rastorotsky]] called her very quickly: "Kim, Nellie, to the phone!"<ref name="book" />
| + | Aside from his own artwork, Shin also took up a teaching post at his alma mater, the Benkov Art School, despite the low salary; he became a mentor to his student Elena Lee, another Uzbekistani painter of Korean descent, whose work was featured in 2004 at an exhibition in [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name=Izvestia/><ref name=Choi/> He died August 18, 2006 in [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]]. He is survived by a wife and three sons.<ref name=Donga/> |
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| − | ==Olympics and World Championships== | + | == Documentary == |
| − | Nellie Kim became one of the main medal prospects for the upcoming Olympics and actual leader of the Soviet team after the 1975 Canadian Pre-Olympics Test competition. At the Test she placed second in the all-around to [[Nadia Comăneci]], but won three golds in the event finals (vault, balance beam, floor exercise), while Comaneci won the remaining one on bars.<ref>{{cite web | title = 1975 Pre-Olympic Test Event | work = Gymn-Forum | url = http://www.gymn-forum.com/results/PreOly/Women/1975_ef.html | accessdate = 20 July 2006}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> [[Larisa Latynina]], who had already changed her opinion about Kim earlier, described her gymnastics style as sparkling and cheerful. She also cited a comment by Canadian newspapers about Kim's performance: "There are moments, when a natural smile is more worth, than triumph". However, although Nellie Kim also won the 1976 USSR Cup, beating such famous of her compatriots as [[Olga Korbut]] and [[Ludmilla Tourischeva]], they were still considered leaders by the media. Even the Coach Council of the Soviet team failed to define her as the leader. That was a mistake recognized by Soviet experts later.<ref name="book" />
| + | {{Infobox Korean name|title=Sky-Blue Hometown|caption=The opening of ''Sky-Blue Hometown'', showing Shin against the background of a portion of ''Requiem''|img=|hangul=하늘색 고향|hanja=하늘色 古鄉|rr=Haneulsaek Gohyang|mr=Hanŭlsaek Kohyang}} |
| | + | In 2001, Shin's life story was made into a documentary film ''[[Sky-Blue Hometown]]'', directed by [[Kim So-young]]. Kim stated that she was inspired to tell Shin's story after seeing ''Requiem'' displayed at the National Museum of Contemporary Art and reading articles in the domestic press about Koreans in Uzbekistan.<ref name=KoreaHerald>{{cite news|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=2003-03-18|accessdate=2007-02-11|title=Movie looks at Russian migrants|last=Soh|first=Joon|url=http://www.e-ju.net/bbs/zboard.php?id=pds&page=1&page_num=20&select_arrange=hit&desc=&sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&keyword=&category=&no=1148}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Through the film, she hoped "to convey the earnest wishes and lost dreams of the victims, rather than render a bleak ambiance of the hurt and resentment endured by Koreans as a minority race in the former Soviet Union and Central Asia at the present time." After completing the film, she was disappointed by the initial lack of domestic interest; though it won grand prize at the [[Seoul International Documentary and Film Festival]] and was honoured as the best Korean documentary at the [[Pusan International Film Festival]], local distributors remained uninterested in the film.<ref name=YIDFF>{{cite web|url=http://www.yidff.jp/2001/cat043/01c064-e.html|title=2001 Official Catalogue: Sky-Blue Hometown|accessdate=2007-02-10|date=2001-09-13|publisher=Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival}}</ref> ''Sky-Blue Hometown'' would go on to be invited to several international film festivals in 2001, including the [[Asian American International Film Festival]] in New York, the [[Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival]] in Japan, the [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]], and the [[International Festival of Audio-visual Programs]] in Paris.<ref name=KoreaHeute/><ref name=IDFA/><ref name=FIPA>{{cite web|url=http://www.fipa.tm.fr/en/fipatel/2001/fip_01372.htm|title=Sky-Blue Hometown|year=2001|accessdate=2007-02-12|publisher=International Festival of Audiovisual Programs}}</ref> In November of the following year, it won the Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema prize at the [[Taiwan International Documentary Festival]].<ref name=TaipeiTimes>{{cite news|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2002/12/16/187445|date=2002-12-16|accessdate=2007-02-12|publisher=Taipei Times|title=German filmmaker takes top prize at TIDF}}</ref> However, it was not shown in cinemas in Korea until 2003.<ref name=KoreaHerald/> |
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| − | At the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] the rivalry between Nellie Kim and Nadia Comăneci became the focal point of the women's gymnastics competition. Kim's teammates Ludmilla Tourischeva and Olga Korbut, the Olympic champions of [[1972 Summer Olympics|Munich]], were overcome by the two rising stars in the battle for the gold. Nellie Kim won three gold medals, one in the team competition and two in the event finals: on the vault and floor exercise. Music for her floor routine, choreographed by Valentina Kosolapova, was a fiery [[Samba]], and one of the elements was the double back salto, performed for the first time in Olympic women's events. Kim also won a silver medal in the all-around, receiving the perfect 10 for the [[Mitsuo Tsukahara|Tsukahara]] vault with the full twist, which was also performed for the first time in Olympic history. She was praised for her feminine beauty and the flamboyant, graceful and intense style.<ref name="wh" /> Comaneci won the gold in the all-around, on bars and [[balance beam]]. She had a slight lead over Nadia on the other 3 events combined in the all-around but despite being the World bronze medallist on beam Nellie performed very poorly on that apparatus conceding a full 1.0 to Nadia.
| + | === Credits === |
| | + | * Director: Kim So-young |
| | + | * Production: Cine-Maya |
| | + | * Screenplay: Kim So-young |
| | + | * Photography: Nikolay Gerasimov |
| | + | * Editing: Kim So-young |
| | + | * Sound: Won-jong Soh |
| | + | * Music: Duck Hyun, Jun-sung Kim, Young-jo Lee |
| | + | * World Sales: Cine-Maya |
| | + | * Screening copy: Korean Film Commission<ref name=IDFA/> |
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| − | After the 1976 Summer Olympics Nellie Kim moved to [[Byelorussian SSR]] (joining the Armed Forces sports society in [[Minsk]]) and represented her new home on the USSR team. Two years later Kim successfully competed at the [[1978 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|World Championships]]. She won gold medals on the vault, floor exercise and in the team competition, and placed second in the all-around to [[Elena Mukhina]], overcoming Nadia Comăneci, who fell from the uneven bars, among others. The greatest success came at the [[1979 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|1979 World Championships]], where Nellie Kim became the all-around champion, beating [[Maxi Gnauck]], Melita Ruhn and her teammate [[Maria Filatova]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Miss Kim Captures Laurels | last = Hulbert | first = Dan | publisher = [[New York Times]] | date = 9 December 1979 | page = S4}}</ref> Her floor exercise routine, choreographed by Galina Savarina, was accompanied by a new piece of music, [[House of the Rising Sun]] by [[Santa Esmeralda]], which would also be used one year later at the Olympics.<ref name="book" />
| + | ==Works== |
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| − | In 1980 she won the all-around title at the USSR Championships and successfully competed in the Moscow Olympics, her last competitive performance. She tied for the gold medal on the floor with Nadia Comăneci, after scoring 9.95 in that event finals, and won gold in the team competition.<ref>{{cite news | title = Deprived of the all-around title | publisher = [[Boston Globe]] | date = 26 July 1980 | page = 1}}</ref> After the Moscow Olympics, Nellie Kim appeared with a roster of other top-class gymnasts at [[Wembley Arena]] in January 1981 for a popular exhibition of gymnastic performances on floor and apparatus.
| + | === Exhibitions === |
| | + | * 1990: Trechakopskaya Art Gallery, [[Moscow]] |
| | + | * 1991: National Museum of Art, [[Tashkent]] |
| | + | * 1995: National Museum of Art, [[Tashkent]] |
| | + | * 1997: Korean National Museum of Contemporary Art, [[Seoul]]<ref name=SkyBlueHometown/> |
| | + | * 2006: Korean Culture Day, [[Tashkent]]<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Jahon Information Agency|date=2006-10-11|accessdate=2007-02-10|script-title=ru:От вернисажа до Донгмака|url=http://jahon.mfa.uz/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5094|language=Russian}}</ref> |
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| − | ==Later life== | + | === Paintings === |
| − | After her competitive career was over, Nellie Kim she worked as a coach and a judge. She coached the [[South Korea]]n, [[Italy|Italian]] and [[Belarus]] national teams. In 1984 Kim became the International Brevet Judge and judged many international competitions, including European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games. Her judging license was suspended by the FIG for a while only once – after the 1990 World Cup due to allegations of cheating and fixing scores. Despite her suspension, she was judging again in [[1992 Summer Olympics|Barcelona]]. Since 1993 she has been the President of the Judging Committee in Artistic Gymnastics of the Republic of [[Belarus]].
| + | {|class="wikitable" |
| − | | + | |+ Works in chronological order<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chosun.com/gallery/shin/index.html |title=『수난과 영광의 한민족 유민사 -신순남 특별전』 |publisher=''Chosun Ilbo'' |accessdate=2007-02-11 |year=1997 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306071906/http://www.chosun.com/gallery/shin/index.html |archivedate=March 6, 2005 }}</ref> |
| − | Nellie's first marriage was to the fellow gymnast Vladimir Achasov,<ref name=sr /> but this marriage did not last. She met her second husband at the 1980 Olympics, and they had a daughter (also named Nellie) who was born in the mid-1980s.<ref name="gymn.ca">{{cite web | url = http://www.gymn.ca/gymnasticgreats/wag/kim_nelli.htm | title = Nellie Kim | first1 = Barbara | last1 = Fisher | first2 = Jennifer | last2 = Isbister | date = 24 October 2002 | accessdate = 27 December 2015}}</ref> Her second husband was a Soviet cyclist [[Valery Movchan]], 1980 Olympics gold medalist.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rewritingrussiangymnastics.blogspot.com/2012/12/lupita-translates-nelli-kim-interview.html | title = Lupita translates : Nelli Kim interview (November 2012) ("Nelli Kim: triple back on floor") | date = 3 December 2012 | accessdate = 27 December 2015}} Translated from: {{cite web | url = http://sportpanorama.by/content/gymnastics/16778/ | title = Нелли Ким: тройное сальто на вольных | first = Михаил | last = Дубицкий | date = 15 November 2012 | accessdate = 27 December 2015}}</ref>
| + | !Title (Hangul and [[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]) |
| − | | + | !Translation |
| − | In the 1990s, Kim moved to the U.S. and in 2002 was residing in Minnesota.<ref name="gymn.ca" />
| + | !Year of completion |
| − | | + | !Size |
| − | In 1996, Kim was elected to the Women's Artistic Gymnastics Technical Committee of the [[International Gymnastics Federation]] (FIG), and moved to the [[United States|U.S.A.]] soon afterwards.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
| + | !Comments |
| − | | + | |
| − | In 1999, she was inducted into the [[International Gymnastics Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web | title = NELLI KIM | work = International Gymnastics Hall of Fame | url = http://www.ighof.com/honorees/honorees_kim.html | accessdate = 12 May 2007}}</ref>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | At the FIG Congress held on 22 October 2004 in [[Antalya]], Nellie Kim was elected President of the Women's Artistic Gymnastics Technical Committee.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.intlgymnast.com/news/2004/oct.html#congress2 | title = Grandi, Stoica Re-Elected | publisher = International Gymnast Online | date = 22 October 2004 | accessdate = 26 March 2006}}</ref> She helped design the 2006 alteration in the ''[[Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)|Code of Points]]'', which will end the use of the perfect 10 and introduce uncapped scoring for gymnasts. Some of the main causes for the change were judging [[Scandals of the 2004 Summer Olympics|scandals]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]], with [[Alexei Nemov]] and other gymnasts involved. FIG officials, including Nellie Kim and [[Bruno Grandi]], believed that one of the possible ways to prevent such scandal in the future and make the clean execution and artistry the main priorities, was a radical change of the old Code.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | This move has been controversial among fans and athletes alike. Kim and other FIG officials pointed out that this alteration was designed with the help and advice from FIG member federations and many judges, as have all previous codes. They also underlined that this system will be tested on major international events before final adoption.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | In her 2005 interview Nellie Kim said that unlike her predecessor in the post of the President of the WAG TC, Jackie K. Fie, she does not receive any salary from the federation of the country, represented by her in the FIG. And therefore she works for the FIG on the basis of pure enthusiasm.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.sb.press.net.by/article.php?articleID=46658 | title = I will command the parade! | publisher = Sovetskaya Belorussiya | date = 3 September 2005 | accessdate = 26 March 2006 | language = ru | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070513161951/http://www.sb.press.net.by/article.php?articleID=46658 | archivedate = 13 May 2007}}</ref>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | In 2013, she was accused by Russian coaches of favoring American gymnasts <ref>{{cite web|last1=Meyers|first1=Dvora|title=The other Perfect 10: The half-Korean Soviet gymnast you’ve never heard of|url=http://fusion.net/the-other-perfect-10-the-half-korean-soviet-gymnast-yo-1793861081|website=Fusion}}</ref>, a view she vehemently refutes and criticizes.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rewritingrussiangymnastics.blogspot.com/2013/10/nelli-kim-russian-gymnastics-has-closed.html | title = Rewriting Russian Gymnastics: Nelli Kim – 'Russian gymnastics has closed in on itself' – Lupita translates | work = rewritingrussiangymnastics.blogspot.com | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232132/http://rewritingrussiangymnastics.blogspot.com/2013/10/nelli-kim-russian-gymnastics-has-closed.html | archivedate = 14 July 2014}}</ref>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | She was the subject of a half-hour [[National Film Board of Canada]] documentary ''Nelli Kim'', co-directed by [[Georges Dufaux]] and Pierre Bernier, which was filmed at the 1976 Summer Games and released in 1978.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=12862# | title = Nelli Kim | work = Collection | publisher = National Film Board of Canada | accessdate = 18 June 2016}}</ref>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==Eponymous skills==
| + | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" lily may
| + | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! Apparatus !! Name !! Description !! Difficulty !! Added to the Code of Points
| + | |어머니와 딸<BR/>(''Eomeoniwa Ddal'') |
| | + | |''Mother and daughter'' |
| | + | |1980 |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Vault || Kim || Front handspring – 1 1/2 twist without salto || 3.6 || 1974 Varna World Championships | + | |레퀴엠<BR/>(''Rekuiem'') |
| | + | |''Requiem'' |
| | + | |1982 |
| | + | |44×3 metres |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Vault || Kim || Tsukahara tucked with a full turn || 4.6 || 1976 Montreal Olympic Games | + | |장미색의 눈<BR/>(''Jangmisaek'eui Nun'') |
| | + | |''Rose-coloured snow'' |
| | + | |1985 |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Vault || Kim || Tsukahara stretched with a full turn || 5.2 || 1978 Strasbourg World Championships | + | |수콕 메달들<BR/>(''Sukok Medaldeul'') |
| | + | |''Sukok medals'' |
| | + | |1987 |
| | + | |240×170 cm |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Balance Beam || Kim || Gainer salto tucked with a full twist (dismount) || C || 1976 Montreal Olympic Games | + | |하늘색의 고향<BR/>(''Haneulsaek'eui Gohyang'') |
| | + | |''Sky-blue hometown'' |
| | + | |1988 |
| | + | |8×3 metres |
| | + | |4 panels of 200×300 cm |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Balance Beam || Kim || Aerial cartwheel into back salto tucked || D || 1980 Moscow Olympic Games | + | |되살린 부채<BR/>(''Toesallin Buchae'') |
| | + | | |
| | + | |1989 |
| | + | |80×100 cm |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Floor Exercise || Kim || Double back salto tucked || D || 1976 Montreal Olympic Games | + | |또다른 세계로-천국에서의 신혼<BR/>(''Ddodareun Segyero - Cheongukeso'eui Sinhon'') |
| | + | |''To another world - newlywed in paradise'' |
| | + | |1990 |
| | + | |8×3 metres |
| | + | |4 panels of 200×300 cm |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Floor Exercise || Kim || Double back salto piked || D || 1978 Strasbourg World Championships | + | |나와 아내<BR/>(''Nawa Anae'') |
| − | |} | + | |''Me and my wife'' |
| − | | + | |1991 |
| − | ==Achievements (non-Olympic)==
| + | |Unknown |
| − | {| border=1 cellpadding=1 cellspacing=2 style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align:center; font-size: 95%;"
| + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! align=center | Year
| + | |고려인<BR/>(''Goryeoin'') |
| − | ! align=center | Event
| + | |''Koryo people'' |
| − | ! width=30px|AA
| + | |Unknown |
| − | ! width=30px|Team
| + | |Unknown |
| − | ! width=30px|[[Gymnastics vault|VT]]
| + | | |
| − | ! width=30px|[[Gymnastics uneven bars|UB]]
| + | |
| − | ! width=30px|[[Gymnastics balance beam|BB]]
| + | |
| − | ! width=30px|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
| + | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | rowspan="1" | '''1973''' || align=left | USSR Championships || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || | + | |검은 용<BR/>(''Geomeun Yong'') |
| | + | |''Black dragon'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | rowspan="3" | '''1974''' || align=left | [[1974 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|World Championships]] || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || | + | |전설<BR/>(''Jeonseol'') |
| | + | |''Legend'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |52×3 metres |
| | + | |26 panels of 200×300 cm |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | align=left | USSR Cup || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || || || || | + | |자화상<BR/>(''Jahwajang'') |
| | + | |''Self-portrait'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || | + | |나와 나의 신부<BR/>(''Nawa Na'eui Shinbu'') |
| | + | |''Me and my bride'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |수코크의 아이들<BR/>(''Sukokeu'eui Aideul'') |
| | + | |''The children of Sukok'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | rowspan=3 | '''1975''' || align=left | European Championships || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st | + | | 울음<BR/>(''Uleum'') |
| | + | | ''Tears'' |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | |Unknown |
| | + | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | align=left | USSR Cup || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || || || ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | '''1976''' || align=left | USSR Cup || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || || ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | align=left | USSR Championships || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''1977''' || align=left | European Championships || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | '''1978''' || align=left | [[1978 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|World Championships]] || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | align=left | USSR Championships || || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | '''1979''' || align=left | [[1979 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics|World Championships]] || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=silver | 2nd
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | align=left | World Cup || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | align=left | USSR Championships || || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || bgcolor=gold | 1st
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''1980''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || || ||
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | ==See also==
| + | == References == |
| − | {{Portal|Gymnastics}}
| + | {{reflist}} |
| − | * [[List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists]]
| + | |
| − | * [[List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]]
| + | |
| − | * [[List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==References== | + | |
| − | {{Reflist|30em}} | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==External links==
| + | |
| − | {{Commons category|Nellie Kim}}
| + | |
| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526104944/http://www.nelliekim.com/ Official website] (archived 2011)
| + | |
| − | * {{FIG|id=674|name=Nellie Kim}}
| + | |
| − | * [http://www.gymn-forum.net/bios/women/kim_n.html A signed photo and list of competitive results]
| + | |
| − | * {{ru icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060511001322/http://gymnast.ru:80/persons/k.html A short biography at Gymnast.ru]
| + | |
| − | * [https://www.nfb.ca/film/nelli_kim_en/ Online documentary film on Kim] at the [[NFB.ca]]
| + | |
| − | * {{IMDb title|title=Nelli Kim|id=0256225}}
| + | |
| − | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_m3f3b7zvk Montreal 1976 Official Olympic Film - Part 3 | Olympic History] - [[International Olympic Committee|The Olympic Channel]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | {{Olympic champions artistic gymnastics Women TC|1976|1980}}
| + | |
| − | {{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Floor Exercise}}
| + | |
| − | {{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault}}
| + | |
| − | {{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenTC|1974|1978}}
| + | |
| − | {{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenAA}}
| + | |
| − | {{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenFloorExercise}}
| + | |
| − | {{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenVault}}
| + | |
| − | {{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Vault Champions (Women)}}
| + | |
| − | {{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Floor Exercise Champions (Women)}}
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | {{Authority control}}
| + | == External links == |
| | + | * [http://www.sky-blue.co.kr/ Sky-Blue Hometown] |
| | + | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306071906/http://www.chosun.com/gallery/shin/index.html Online gallery of Shin's work] hosted by the ''[[Chosun Ilbo]]'' |
| | | | |
| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Nellie}} | + | {{DEFAULTSORT:Shin, Nikolai}} |
| − | [[Category:1957 births]]
| + | [[Category:Soviet painters]] |
| − | [[Category:Living people]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Soviet female artistic gymnasts]] | + | |
| − | [[Category:Kazakhstani female artistic gymnasts]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Gymnasts at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Gymnasts at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]
| + | |
| | [[Category:Koryo-saram]] | | [[Category:Koryo-saram]] |
| − | [[Category:American people of Tatar descent]] | + | [[Category:1928 births]] |
| − | [[Category:Kazakhstani people of Korean descent]] | + | [[Category:2006 deaths]] |
| − | [[Category:Kazakhstani people of Tatar descent]] | + | [[Category:Uzbekistani painters]] |
| − | [[Category:Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] | + | [[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani painters]] |
| − | [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Olympic gymnasts of the Soviet Union]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Spartak athletes]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:World champion gymnasts]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Olympic medalists in gymnastics]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:European champions in gymnastics]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame inductees]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
| + | |
| − | [[Category:Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR]]
| + | |
| | [[Category:Soviet people of Korean descent]] | | [[Category:Soviet people of Korean descent]] |
| − | [[Category:Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
| |
Shin's childhood was filled with hardships. His father died at the age of 21, when Shin was only 4; his mother remarried the following year, sending he and his sister to live with his grandmother. In 1937, he and his family were deported to Central Asia along with all other ethnic Koreans in the Russian Far East. After the deportations, his family stayed in the Kazakh SSR for a few years before eventually settling in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR (now Uzbekistan) in 1940.<ref name=Choi>Template:Cite paper</ref> His sister became infected with malaria and died at the age of 16, leaving Shin as sole breadwinner for his mother and grandmother; Shin spoke of his memories of tilling the rocky soil with his bare hands, trying to eke out a living. Eventually, unable to care for his grandmother, he sent her to live with relatives in the Kazakh SSR, where she too died.<ref name=SkyBlueHometown>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=KoreaHeute>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1949, Shin graduated from Tashkent's Benkov Art School, and began his career in painting, first receiving acclaim for his work in 1957, when he won the grand prize at the International Youth Festival in Moscow and the second prize in the Republican Festival of Young Artists of Uzbekistan.<ref name=Choi/> In 1960, he graduated from Atropsky Art College, also in Tashkent; after his graduation, he began work on his painting Requiem, which would take him until 1982 to complete. Requiem, painted on a canvas three metres tall and forty-four metres wide in primary colors, depicts people without eyes, noses, or mouths; Shin has stated that this was meant to represent the sense of enslavement and namelessness felt by the Koryo-saram as a result of the deportations.<ref name=SkyBlueHometown/> Following his completion of Requiem, Shin would go on to paint other works on the theme of the deportations and of Korean culture in Central Asia; he began to become well known in the West with his solo exhibition in Moscow in 1990, and another in Tashkent in 1991. Eventually, his art attracted the attention of the Central Asian-American Enterprise Fund, who offered him financial support, enabling him to hold further exhibitions.<ref name=Choi/> His work was recognised by the Korean government in 1997, when they awarded him with the Order of Culture Merit (문화훈장); he then donated Requiem to the Museum of Contemporary Art.<ref name=Donga/><ref name=IDFA>Template:Cite web</ref>
Aside from his own artwork, Shin also took up a teaching post at his alma mater, the Benkov Art School, despite the low salary; he became a mentor to his student Elena Lee, another Uzbekistani painter of Korean descent, whose work was featured in 2004 at an exhibition in Almaty, Kazakhstan.<ref name=Izvestia/><ref name=Choi/> He died August 18, 2006 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. He is survived by a wife and three sons.<ref name=Donga/>
