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From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

  • |title= Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes | title=International Gas Trade in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Iran, Russia and Afghanistan. Working Paper
    11 KB (1,485 words) - 17:30, 26 April 2017
  • ...accessdate=2009-09-16}}</ref> an ancient centre of [[Camel train|caravan]] trade known earlier as Khazret and later as Yasi,<ref name=brittanica>{{cite book ...> Political struggles and the shift in overland trade in favor of maritime routes soon led to the town's decline, before it finally passed on to the [[Russia
    29 KB (4,250 words) - 17:30, 26 April 2017
  • ...nice and Genoa maintained extensive ties to central Asia through the trade routes of the silk road.
    4 KB (526 words) - 16:00, 3 May 2017
  • ...sunion, tribal rivalries, and the diminishing importance of overland trade routes between East and West weakened the Kazakh Khanate. [[Khiva Khanate]] used t ...to revive earlier efforts to harmonise trade tariffs and to create a free trade zone under a customs union. On 1 December 2007, it was announced that Kazak
    135 KB (18,214 words) - 17:43, 26 April 2017
  • The Mongolian Jews date back to the 19th century trade routes between [[Siberia]]n-[[Jewish people|Jewish]] merchants and the [[Mongols|M
    26 KB (3,693 words) - 19:59, 27 April 2017
  • ...m China to western Asia and Europe. At that time, Almaty became one of the trade, craft and agricultural centres on the [[Silk Road]]. It had an official [[ ...g on this part of the [[Silk Road]]. European nations were conducting more trade by shipping. This period was one of crucial ethnic and political transforma
    51 KB (7,152 words) - 20:00, 27 April 2017
  • ...milYenikeyeff-2008.pdf |title= Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes | publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]] | format=PDF | date = N ...nture between KazMunaiGaz and Gazprom which is involved in the export and trade of gas with Russia.
    27 KB (3,861 words) - 20:02, 27 April 2017
  • ...s the first line to be built across the [[steppe]], replacing the multiple routes once used by caravans with a single, steel path. It introduced the Kazakhs ...n was on a much lesser scale than during the [[Soviet]] period. The cotton trade led to the construction of these railroads. In the long term the developmen
    5 KB (641 words) - 20:02, 27 April 2017
  • ...esents varying degrees of diversity derived from the high traffic invasion routes through Central Asia. Once populated by [[Iranian people|Iranian]] tribes a ...ediaries became the wealthiest of these Iranian merchants. Because of this trade on what became known as the [[Silk Route]], Bukhoro and Samarqand eventuall
    55 KB (7,944 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...rriving at [[Ani (Armenia)|Ani]] in [[Armenia]]. Warnings of danger on the routes to southern [[Syria]] turned them from their purpose, and they traveled to ...cceed in making some important contacts which encouraged communication and trade between the East and West. Aside from King Philip's embassy to the Mongols
    18 KB (2,766 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...000 [[ingot]]s (''[[yamboos]]'') and tea. Kokand traders were also granted trade privileges in Kashgaria. Jahangir Khoja (1788–1828) was a son of Khoja Sa ...r Kyrgyz<ref name="Thum2014">{{cite book|author=Rian Thum|title=The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pP6EBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1
    11 KB (1,752 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...ok |author=Susan Whitfield|authorlink=Susan Whitfield|title=The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith |year=2004 |publisher=Serindia Publications |page=27 ...]]. As early as the mid-first millennium BC the Yuezhi engaged in the jade trade, of which the major consumers were the rulers of agricultural China." (Liu
    347 KB (52,725 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...ranch of the [[Silk Road]] joining China and the West with one of the main routes from ancient [[India]] and [[Tibet]] to [[Central Asia]] and distant China. ...enty. It has vineyards, estates and orchards in plenty. The people live by trade and industry; they are not at all warlike".<ref>{{cite book|last=Latham|fir
    37 KB (5,404 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...macroeconomic sphere, transport, industry and agriculture, energy, foreign trade and investment, customs, technical regulation, competition and antitrust re ...sdate=8 October 2011}}</ref> The idea was quickly seen as a way to bolster trade, boost investments in the region, and serve as a counterweight to Western i
    141 KB (18,985 words) - 20:07, 27 April 2017
  • ...e soldiers in and no significant mountain barriers to the west. Therefore, trade went south and migrations north.<ref>''The Empire of the Steppes: A History ...Recent linguistic and archaeological studies confirm that Greek and Roman trade with Saka-Scythian nomads flourished in that region from Aristeas's day to
    33 KB (5,128 words) - 20:07, 27 April 2017
  • Astana's economy is based on [[trade]], [[industrial production]], [[transport]], [[communication]] and [[constr ...azuefit/ | title=Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade (KazUEFIT) |publisher=EURASHE.eu |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref> The Kazak
    56 KB (7,650 words) - 20:10, 27 April 2017
  • ...empting to halt the transit of grain through the Black Sea and instead use routes over the Caspian or via Turkmenistan. Aktau's port has been expanded (compl ...memories"/> The capsule is located in District 2, opposite the 'Kazakhstan Trade Center.'
    13 KB (1,902 words) - 20:13, 27 April 2017
  • ...an Turks of [[Turpan]], [[Kashgar]], and [[Kucha]]. The alternate southern routes were controlled by rival factions, leaving the primary route east through [ .... Under the [[Timurids]], Sayram was an important border city, a center of trade, and Timur gave rule of the city to his grandson [[Ulugbek]].<ref>''Four St
    29 KB (4,457 words) - 20:15, 27 April 2017
  • ...Dzungaria is relatively well-integrated with the rest of China by rail and trade links.<ref name="Stahle">{{cite web|url=http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/asset ...north.<ref>Grosset, 'The Empire of the Steppes', p xxii,</ref> Today most trade is north of the mountains ([[Dzungarian Gate]] and [[Khorgas]] in the Ili v
    59 KB (8,440 words) - 20:51, 27 April 2017
  • ...gifts of [[coriander]] seeds: all of which suggest that the Pazyryk trade routes stretched across vast areas of Iran{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}. S ...oases on the plateau and these ancient Altai nomads profited from the rich trade and culture passing through.<ref name="nomads">{{cite web
    18 KB (2,709 words) - 20:52, 27 April 2017
  • ...mostly used for cargo; only the Baku – Aktau and Baku – Türkmenbaşy routes accept passengers. ...lbiz/content/jul2007/gb2007079_528939.htm Caspian Canal Could Boost Kazakh Trade] [[Business Week]] (2007-07-09)</ref>
    47 KB (6,905 words) - 20:53, 27 April 2017
  • ...s shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delivered by inland transport routes.<ref>Berk.</ref> [[File:Transasia trade routes 1stC CE gr2.png|thumb|right|Silk Road trading routes during the 1st century [[AD]]]]
    52 KB (7,418 words) - 20:57, 27 April 2017
  • ==Routes== *{{cite news |url= |title=China: Congress deputies propose free trade zones along continental bridge |work= [[BBC Monitoring]] |first= |last= ''[
    7 KB (948 words) - 20:57, 27 April 2017
  • {{About|the series of trade routes|other uses|Silk Road (disambiguation)}} ..._alt = Map of Eurasia with drawn lines for overland and maritime routes
    111 KB (16,649 words) - 20:57, 27 April 2017
  • ...hunting. The number of animals decreased in all regions and the migratory routes shifted southward.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Bekenov|first=A. B.|la ...=programs.wcs.org|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> Although the hunting and trade is considered illegal, the horn products still can be found sold publicly a
    39 KB (5,285 words) - 21:00, 27 April 2017
  • ...ibution, spatial and temporal variation in breeding pastures and migratory routes * Reduction and control of illegal trade in Saiga products; compliance with CITES provisions
    18 KB (2,586 words) - 21:00, 27 April 2017
  • ...]] was made a part of it. This blocked the valley's natural outlet and the routes to Samarkand and Bukhara, but none of these borders was of any great signif ...oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between [[China]] and Europe ([[Silk Road]]). In 1370, Timur the Lame
    47 KB (6,893 words) - 22:29, 27 April 2017
  • ...edu/sites/default/files/files/VH%20BAI%20paper%2009.pdf |title=The Tribute Trade with Khotan in Light of Materials Found at the Dunhuang Library Cave|first= ...gist's Search for History's Hidden Heroines''. Warner Books, New York. 1st Trade printing, 2003. ISBN 0-446-67983-6 (pbk).
    49 KB (7,443 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...ppointee; Nisibis, now under Roman rule, would become the sole conduit for trade between Persia and Rome; and Rome would exercise control over the five satr ...anids were able to establish a base in [[south Arabia]] to control the sea trade with the east. Later, the south Arabian kingdom renounced Sassanid overlord
    153 KB (23,195 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...ak while the steppe nomads were numerous and warlike. See [[Siberian River Routes]] and linked articles. In 1851 Russia and China signed the [[Treaty of Kulja]] to regulate trade along what was becoming a new border. In 1864 they signed the [[Treaty of T
    50 KB (7,657 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...nion over vital trans-[[Eurasia]]n [[trade route]]s facilitated travel and trade between [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] by such groups as the [[Radhanites]] and th
    3 KB (424 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • ...or ploughshare, or hides, wax, honey and livestock, depending on the zone. Trade disputes were handled by a commercial tribunal in Atil consisting of seven [[File:Varangian routes.png|thumb|300px|Trade routes of the Black Sea region, 8th–11th centuries]]
    176 KB (25,696 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017

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