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| pushpin_map = Soviet Union#Russia#Kazakhstan ...the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the [[Soviet space program]]. Under the current Russian space program, Baikonur remains

...viet poet, Kazakhstani politician, and Soviet [[anti-nuclear movement|anti-nuclear activist]]. ...966. Between 1969 and 1989 he was a member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. In 1981 he was a member of the jury at the [[12th Moscow Internati

==Nuclear weapons non-proliferation== ...an Profile |url=http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/kazakhstan/ |publisher=Nuclear Threat Initiative}}</ref>

| name = Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) | caption =Participation in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

...of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America ...s opened for signature in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the [[Soviet Union]] on 27 January 1967, and entered into force on 10 October 1967. As o

|name = Chemical Weapons Convention ...rohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction

...land. These issues are due in large part to Kazakhstan's years under the [[Soviet Union]]. ...Sea]], and [[radioactive contamination]] at the [[Semipalatinsk]] nuclear testing facility (in fact a large zone south of [[Kourchatov]] ([[Курчатов]

|caption=[[Joe 1|Operation First Lightning]], the first Soviet [[atomic test]] |type=[[Nuclear testing|Nuclear test]] site

...[[biological warfare]] (BW) expert. He rose rapidly in the ranks of the [[Soviet Army]] to become the First Deputy Director of [[Biopreparat]], where he ove ...Kauchuk]], in the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakh SSR]] of the [[Soviet Union]] (in present-day [[Kazakhstan]]), to a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] family. He

...atinsks-nuclear-testing |title=The lasting toll of Semipalatinsk's nuclear testing |author=Togzhan Kassenova |date=28 September 2009 |work=Bulletin of the Ato {{Anti-nuclear movement sidebar}}

...and contamination from its former role in nuclear weapons development and testing in the Semipalatinsk region. Significant improvements in the environmental ...n the CIS (based on the reserve classification system that was used in the Soviet Union and then by many of its successor states), Kazakhstan ranked first in

...]] (or Lake Balapan), a lake created by the [[Chagan (nuclear test)|Chagan nuclear test]]. *[http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/Sovwpnprog.html#Chagan On the Soviet nuclear program]

...nce the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] irrigation projects. By 2007, it had declined to 10% of its original size ...te=January 27, 2010}}</ref> the [[Government of the Soviet Union#Sovnarkom|Soviet government]] decided the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the [[Amu Darya]

...latinsk Test Site]] (STS) from the first explosion in 1949 until 1989; 456 nuclear tests, including 340 underground and 116 atmospheric tests, took place ther ....cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/08/30/btsc.chance.nukes/index.html "Inside the nuclear underworld: Deformity and fear"], [[CNN]], retrieved 2007-08-31</ref>

...e Aral from neighboring Uzbekistan), all but eliminated inflow. During the Soviet Era, [[Kazakhstan]] received water from [[Tajikistan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]], ...without evacuating or even alerting the local population. Although nuclear testing was halted in 1990{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}, radiation poison

...n scripts on their coins and worshipped the local gods. The DNA testing of the Sampul cemetery shows that the occupants had paternal origins ...completely disappeared by the 15th century, until it was revived by the [[Soviet Union]] in the 20th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|p=28}}</ref>