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[[File:Medeu- 4.jpg|thumb|300px|Looking down from Medeu Dam, toward the [[Medeo|Medeu Skating Rink]] to the north]] ...Valley south-east of [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan, designed to protect the city from devastating [[debris flows]] (or [[mudflow]]s).

...language]]. For more than forty years, Shabdanuly was imprisoned by the [[People's Republic of China]] for his political views. ...akh_In_China_Released_In_Almaty/1887778.html 'The Tragic Destiny Of Kazakh People Living Abroad, Written By A Witness]''. Radio Liberty, November 25, 2009.</

* [[Ili River]] * [[Dungan people|Dungan]]

|established_event8 = Independence declared from the [[Soviet Union]] ...people per sq. mi.). The capital is [[Astana]], where it was moved in 1997 from [[Almaty]], the country's largest city.

*[[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]] ...stan|Republic of Kazakhstan]] and a significant minority language in the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[Xinjiang]], [[China]] and in the [[Baya

...ed in [[People's Republic of China]] in the [[Altay Prefecture]] and the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]] of the [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] ...atinisation (USSR)|Latin alphabet was introduced by the Soviets]] and used from 1927 to 1940 when it was replaced with Cyrillic.

...ters") in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] and Persian, to the rivers which flow from the south-east into [[Lake Balkhash]]. ...vast uninhabitable sand-steppes on the south of Lake Balkhash. Southwards from these at the foot of the mountains and at the entrance to the valleys, ther

...of [[Abul Khair Khan]] the Kazakhs won major victories over the [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]] at the [[Bulanty River]] (1726) and at the [[Battle of Anrakay]] ...Federative Republic) (April 30, 1918 &ndash; October 27, 1924) was created from the [[Turkestan Krai]] of [[Imperial Russia]]. Its capital was [[Tashkent]]

...1=3,000 [[Xiongnu]] cavalry and infantry with 10,000 cavalry reinforcement from [[Kangju]] ...Dulaishui River" ("shui" means river) which Yap thinks may have been the [[Ili River]]</ref> located near [[Taraz]].

...] [[Eurasian Steppe|steppe]] people mentioned in [[China|Chinese]] records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. ...vassals of the Xiongnu. In 133-132 BC, the Wusun drove the Yuezhi from the Ili Valley and settled the area. They subsequently became close allies of the [

...ollowing [[Edouard Chavannes]] who translated from the Chinese. 611 may be from Gumilyov.</ref> ...called [[Nushibi]]) formed the two rival factions, the border line being [[Ili River]].

...[Alat tribe|''Halach'' (''Kalach'')]] for the two-tribe composition, known from the Chinese, Arabic, and Turkic sources.<ref>Yu. Zuev, ''"Early Türks: Ske Etymology of the term ''Nushibi'' comes from the Turkic name for the "right wing" ''on shadapyt'', "nushibi" is a colloq

...akastan]]. Not to be confused with the [[Sakha]], the endonym of the Yakut people of Siberia. For other uses, see [[Saka (disambiguation)]].}} ...ticular branch of the "[[Sarmatians|Scytho-Sarmatian family]]" originating from nomadic Iranian peoples of the northwestern steppe in [[Eurasia]].<ref name

...e Senior ''zhuz'' of the southern and southeastern steppe being set apart from the two other zones by [[Lake Balkhash]]. Another suggestion{{by whom}} derives the word from Arabic {{lang|ar|جزء}} "section, division".

...[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]] <br> [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] tribes <br> [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] tribes <br> [[File:Flag of Afghanistan pre-1901.svg|border|23px]] ...forts along the northern border of Kyrgyzstan. 1864-1868 they moved south from Kyrgyzstan, captured Tashkent and Samarkand and dominated the Khanates of K

...le:Lakebalkhashbasinmap.png|thumb|right|The lands of the Dulu Turks in the Ili River Basin]] ...nd towns and thus a natural caravan route. The Dulu presumably taxed these people. The West Turkic Khagans had a sort of capital at [[Suyab]] near the Dulu-N

...It provided for the return to China of the eastern part of the [[Ili River|Ili]] Basin region, also known as [[Zhetysu]] occupied by Russia in 1871 during ...n and south of the [[Borohoro Mountains]]. It is the upper valley of the [[Ili River]] which flows into [[Lake Balkash]].|float=right|relief=1

...he 1720s to the 1750s, for which he was declared a "batyr" ("hero") by the people. ...ger allies, Ablai Khan took the opportunity to capture herds and territory from the Dzungars.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Peter C|last1=Perdue|title=China March

...ute [[Muslims]] in the [[Hami Oases]]. But his action was opposed by local people and he was later defeated by the Mongols under [[Jebe]]. ...at ''[[khatun]]'' ("queen") [[Töregene Khatun|Töregene]] might have been from this tribe. [[Hulegu]] had a Naiman general, [[Ketbuqa]], who died in the [

...ies Laevigatae]]''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from central Asia, with pale blue or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an orna The flowers come in a range of shades from pale blue to violet,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=ClaireAustin/> white<ref n

...ttal]] Temirtau JSC and [[Kazakhmys|Kazakhmys Corporation]]. In the period from 2008 to 2012 [[ArcelorMittal|Arcelor Mittal]] Temirtau has paid the penalty ...of sulfuric acid. This action has reduced the emissions of sulfur dioxide from 578,000 tons in 2008 to 254,000 tons in 2012.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=NWP

...stan]]. As of November 2007, about 1% of the $600 billion in goods shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delivered by inland transport routes.<ref>Ber ...ian connects Moscow with Russian Pacific seaports such as [[Vladivostok]]. From the 1960s until the early 1990s the railway served as the primary land brid

| Caption = Silk Road extending from [[Europe]] through [[Asia]]. Overland routes are red, and the maritime rout ...22, 2014, UNESCO designated 5,000&nbsp;km stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetsyu Region of [[Central Asia]] as a new World Heri

| name = Ili River | image = river-ili-2.jpg

|caption = View from Space, April 1991 |inflow = [[Ili River|Ili]], [[Karatal River|Karatal]], [[Aksu River (Kazakhstan)|Aksu]], [[Lepsy Riv

|11=[[Dzungar people|Zunghar]] [[File:River-ili-2.jpg|thumb|[[Ili River]]]]

|name = {{raise|0.2em|Ili Prefecture}}

{{redirect|Verniy|Soviet destroyer turned over from Japan|Japanese destroyer Hibiki (1932)}} ...Park]]; [[Kazakh-British Technical University]]; Panoramic view of Almaty from the hills of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monum

...of [[Almaty]]. The region borders [[Kyrgyzstan]] and [[Xinjiang]] in the [[People's Republic of China]]. The region also touches three other regions of Kazak ...r of the region runs along [[Lake Balkhash]], whose main affluent, the [[Ili River]], is the most significant river of the region. In the region's north

...[[mosque]] in Kazakhstan,<ref name="blair1992">The monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana. By Sheila Blair. Published by BRILL, 19 ...is mention of a river, and a land or people called ''Sairima elis'', or '''people or land of/near Sayram'''.<ref name="nurazxan2003"/> Sayram would have been

...r with [[Kyrgyzstan]]. It had a population of 330,100 (1999 Census), up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after [[A ...(1985). ''Journey to the West in the Great Tang Dynasty''. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press. p. 27</ref> The [[Talas alphabet]], a variant of the Turkic "runif

...strict]]. The town is located between [[Almaty]] and [[Esik]], 25&nbsp;km from Almaty and several kilometres east of [[Birlik, Kazakhstan|Birlik]]. Popula ...ions for the town's name. The most obvious is that '''Talgar''' originates from a later modified name of an ancient settlement of '''Talkhiz''', situated i

...re sometimes still referred to by this name in Central Asian languages|Hui people}} |group = Dungan people 東干族

...[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html#People CIA estimates] this share declined to 3% in 1996. Official Uzbekistan estim | related =[[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]], [[Karakalpaks]], [[Nogais]], [[Turkic peoples]] and [[Naimans]] o

| office = Member of the [[Legislative Yuan]] from Xinjiang province ...er. After the communist takeover of [[Xinjiang]], Alptekin went into exile from [[China]] in 1949.

...', '''Aḥmadjān Qāsim''', or '''Ahmetcan Kasim'''</ref>) was a [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] political leader in [[East Turkistan]] (Xinjiang) province of the ...rs of Stalin. Qasimi was a leader of the pro-Soviet East Turkistan Turkic People's National Liberation Committee (ETTPNLC).<ref name=Dickens/>

...he [[Chigils]] and other tribes which founded the [[Kara-Khanid Khanate]]. From the seventh century until the [[Karakhanid]] period, the Yagma were recorde ...0-521-2-4304-1}}</ref> According to ''[[Hudud al-'alam]]'' "their king is from the family of the Toquz-Oghuz kings."<ref name="anthology"/>

...Afaqi [[khoja (Turkestan)|khoja]] clan, who managed to wrest [[Kashgaria]] from the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] Empire's power for a few years in the 1820s. ...age=371|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> The queues were removed from Chinese Muslim prisoners and then sold or given to various owners, one of t

...]]: Ғени Батур) (1902{{spaced ndash}}29 June 1981) is an [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] national hero. ...as among the first 20 horsemen who began uprising in [[Nilka County]] of [[Ili valley]] of [[Sinkiang]] in September 1944 against [[Kuomintang]] Sinkiang

[[File:China-Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]] ...y the Manchu-led [[Qing dynasty]] in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the [[People's Republic of China]], having been so since its founding year of 1949.

...of the Turkic ethnic group who today live primarily in the north-western [[People's Republic of China]]. ...nment (1946-1947) of [[Republic of China]], [[Colonel]] of [[Ili Rebellion|Ili]] National Army '''Ehmetjan Qasimi''']]

| birth_name = <!-- Use only if different from full/othernames --> | religion = <!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->

|nationality=[[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] *[[Ili Rebellion]]

...s the first chairman of the [[Xinjiang]] Uyghur Autonomous Region of the [[People's Republic of China]]. ...<ref name="McMillen"/> In September 1949, Saifuddin attended the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] endorsed by the [[Communist Party of

| birth_place = [[Yining City|Ili]], [[Xinjiang]] |nationality=[[Uyghur people|Uyghur]]

...lic of Eastern Turkestan]]''' (or '''[[First East Turkestan Republic]]''') from early 1933 until the republic's defeat in 1934. ...a," religious school, and became acquainted with future prominent [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] Turpan revolutionary leaders, brothers Maksut and Mahmut Muhiti. A

|image=Wu'erkaixi from VOA (1).jpg ...transliterated '''Uerkesh Davlet'''), commonly known as '''Wu'erkaixi''' (from the Chinese spelling of his name: {{zh|s=吾尔开希|t=吾爾開希|p=Wú'

...m 1993 to 2003. He currently serves as the vice chairman of 11th [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC). ...China]] in July 1960, and started working in September 1965. He graduated from department of electrical mechanics of Xinjiang Institute of Technology, and

| nationality = People's Republic of China ...ەت زاكىر}}; born August 1953), is a Chinese politician of [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] origin and, since December 2014, the [[Politics of Xinjiang|Chairm

|region1={{flagcountry|People's Republic of China}}<br/> <small>([[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Re ...arily in the [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] in [[China|the People's Republic of China]], where they are one of 55 [[Ethnic minorities in Chin