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...Scientists (FAS)|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> The spaceport is located in the [[Kazakh Steppe|desert steppe]] of [[Baikonur]], about {{convert|200|km ...cosmodrome at the centre. It was originally built by the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the [[Soviet space program]].

...TV Channel Sport Ratified An Agreement On KHL Championship Games Broadcast In 2009/2010 Season |publisher=en.khl.ru |accessdate=25 August 2009 |deadurl=y ...mier professional ice hockey league in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], and second in the world behind the [[National Hockey League|NHL]].<ref>{{cite web|url=htt

...9}}</ref> Ranked as the [[List of countries by area|ninth largest country in the world]] as well as the world's largest [[landlocked]] country,<ref>Agen ...khstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population dens

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

...s aunts. Even though he eventually recovered, the lingering effects of his health scare stuck with him throughout childhood.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Brac Shumenov represented Kazakhstan in the [[Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Summer Olympics]]. His result

{{Women in society sidebar}} ...khstan''' are women who live in or are from [[Kazakhstan]]. Their position in society has been and is influenced by a variety of factors, including local

...mare's milk]]. The drink remains important to the peoples of the [[Central Asia]]n [[steppe]]s, of Huno-Bulgar, [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and Mongol origin ...milar to ''[[kefir]]'', but is produced from a liquid [[starter culture]], in contrast to the solid ''kefir'' "grains". Because mare's milk contains more

[[File:Almaty - Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|Preparation of a meal in Kazakhstan]] ...ese animals for transportation, clothing, and food.<ref>"Kazakhstan," Food in Every Country, accessed April 18, 2011,

{{about||the city in Iran|Shal|the village in Iran|Chal, Zanjan}} ...log.narod.ru/info/trkm-32.htm I.Barkhanov. Neutral Turkmenistan newspaper, in Russian, August 9, 2001].</ref>

...d in [[South Asia]] by the Turkic invaders and conquerors from the Central Asia. ...onepage&q=Dastarkhan%20turkic&f=false ''Food Culture in Russia and Central Asia''] Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 jan. 2005 ISBN 978-0313327735 p 39</ref>

...of 62.2 percent.<ref>{{cite web|title= About 10 million are Internet users in Kazakhstan |url=http://www.inform.kz/rus/article/2614489 |website=www.infor ...456,000 in 2008.5 Despite these increases, Internet usage is concentrated in urban centers, while outside those centers access remains beyond the reach

...transl|ru|''Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza''}}), abbreviated in English as '''CPSU''',{{efn|Sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist P ...rty]]), a revolutionary group led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which seized power in the aftermath of the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. The party was dissolve

...sia and Belarus, transformed into the [[Eurasian Economic Community]] then in 2015 into the [[Eurasian Economic Union]]. President Nazarbayev has priorit ...</ref> Kazakhstan has called for “intra-regional integration in Central Asia” and international integration of the region.<ref name=TW1>{{cite web|tit

...{Citation |publisher = UNESCO |title = History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=6 |publication-date = 2005 |location=Paris }}</ref> * 1918 - Soviets in power; city becomes part of the [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Rep

...] of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ...armaceuticals, and the [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances]], which strengthens provisions

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

| name = United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances ...ate=May 18, 2005 | title=United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988}}</ref>

...e = CEDAW Participation.svg|right|400px|thumb| Participation in the CEDAW ...mination Against Women''' ('''CEDAW''') is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].

It was opened for signature in Helsinki on 17 March 1992 and entered into force on 6 October 1996. As of J ...er resources, increasing droughts and floods, contaminated water resulting in water-related diseases, etc. These issues are even harder to solve due to t

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

...[[Karkaraly]] region of [[Kazakhstan]] on the caravan route from [[Central Asia]] to [[Siberia]], located near modern-day [[Yegindybulak|Egindybulak]], nea ...from [[Kazakhstan]], [[Siberia]], the [[Ural Mountains|Urals]], [[Central Asia]] and [[western China]] were visiting the fair.

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...ve power]] is exercised by the government. [[Legislative power]] is vested in both the [[Forms of government|government]] and the two chambers of parliam ...isters in the Cabinet. [[Bakhytzhan Sagintayev]] became the Prime Minister in September 2016.

....org/newsline/2003/09/5-NOT/not-190903.asp?po=y |title=Government pressure in run-up to Kazakh Council Elections |accessdate=2006-10-06 |deadurl=bot: unk In 1998 he was elected President of the [[Union of Industrialists and Entrepre

The Healthcare system in [[Kazakhstan]] is a post-Soviet healthcare system under reform. Life expectancy at birth in Kazakhstan is 148th in the world, below most developed nations and some developing nations. It is

...n, P. P. (1988). Disiccation of the Aral Sea: A Water Management Disaster in the Soviet Union. Science. 241(4870), 1172 & 1175.</ref> ...full effects could take a generation to fully materialize and patterns of health problems to show up.

...s|accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref> [[Abortion]]s are available to women in [[Kazakhstan]] within the first 28 weeks of [[Fertilisation|conception]].<r ...e former [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and has not been updated since independence in 1992.<ref name=UN />

...ety International, Inc.''' ('''AOSI''') is a U.S. public charity organized in 2003 under the laws of the State of [[Delaware]].<ref name=PCAbout>[http:// ...regional programs in [[Central Asia]] and elsewhere on a range of [[public health]], [[education]], and general [[civil society]] issues. It also educates th

== Main waste management sectors in [[Kazakhstan]] == Almost one third of industrial waste in the country is accumulated in [[Karaganda Region|Karaganda region]] - more than 8.5 billion tons by the e

...orm]] [[fish]] family '''Channidae''', native to parts of [[Africa]] and [[Asia]]. These elongated, [[predatory fish]] are distinguished by their long [[d ...axon|extant]] [[genera]] are ''[[Channa]]'' in Asia and ''[[Parachanna]]'' in Africa, consisting of about 35 species.

...he 18,000 km² expanse of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (indicated in red), attached to [[Kurchatov, Kazakhstan|Kurchatov]] (along the [[Irtysh r ...he [[Soviet Union]]'s [[nuclear weapons]]. It is located on the [[steppe]] in northeast [[Kazakhstan]] (then the [[Kazakh SSR]]), south of the valley of

|caption=Brezhnev in [[East Berlin]] in 1967 ...beginning of [[Era of Stagnation|an era of economic and social stagnation in the Soviet Union]].

...a citizen of the United States, Sharman has more than 30 years experience in biomedical and clinical science, and healthcare management. ...1981, and Kulziya Askarova, medical doctor and radiologist. He was raised in the [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]].

[[File:Alibek.jpg|thumb|320px|right|<center>'''Ken Alibek''' in 2003.]] ...[[microbiologist]] and [[biological warfare]] (BW) expert. He rose rapidly in the ranks of the [[Soviet Army]] to become the First Deputy Director of [[B

...nto Garabogazköl (whence the name of the bay &ndash; "Mighty Strait Lake" in the Turkmen language &ndash; comes). The [[water]] [[volume]] of the [[bay] ...r round and independently of natural evaporation. This plant was completed in 1973.

File:Baku montage3.jpg|275px|alt=Baku montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. ...18 447 1200 1056 [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|Philharmony Fountain in front of the Magomayev Philharmonic Hall]]

|caption=The Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right) |location = [[Kazakhstan]] - [[Uzbekistan]],<br>[[Central Asia]]

|image_caption = Aralkum with the remaining areas of the Aral Sea in 2014 ...008 }}</ref> It lies to the south and east of what remains of the Aral Sea in [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kazakhstan]].

...lls of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monument]] in the [[Republic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

|pushpin_map_caption = The location of Astana in Kazakhstan |established_date = in 1830 as Akmoly{{sfn|Pospelov|1993|pp=24–25}}

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...and '''Fort-Perovsky''' (Russian: Форт-Перовский), is a city in south central [[Kazakhstan]], capital of [[Kyzylorda Region]] and former ca

{{about|the city in [[Kazakhstan]]|other uses|Aral (disambiguation)}} |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...20px|New bridge in Semey.<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/148785/ The New bridge in Semey on Wikimapia]</ref>]]

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...raining colleges, secondary schools and kindergartens. There are 27 public health facilities, a theater, amusement parks, libraries, a city cinema, stadium,

'''[[Kazakhstan]]''' is located in [[Central Asia]] and [[Eastern Europe]] at {{Coord|48|68|type:country_region:KZ|display=in [[Image:Astana-steppe-7748.jpg|thumb|left|In the [[steppe]]s of Central Asia ([[Aqmola Province]])]]

...its economic bureau is in [[Turkey]] and its scientific bureau is situated in [[Pakistan]]. ...ual and fully sovereign member states. This makes ECO similar to [[ASEAN]] in that it is an organisation that has its own offices and bureaucracy for imp

...usiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kazakhstan |title=Ease of Doing Business in Kazakhstan |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |accessdate=2017-01-24 }}</ref> ...an financial crisis|August financial crisis]] in [[Russia]]. A bright spot in 1999 was the recovery of international [[petroleum]] prices, which, combine

| caption = Population of Kazakhstan (in millions) from 1950–2009. ...ov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/kazakhstan?profile=all UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, ''Kazakh

...e value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 million in 2008</ref> ...the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 million</ref>

[[File:China-Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]] ...ntier") when the region was reconquered by the Manchu-led [[Qing dynasty]] in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the [[People's Republic of China]], having