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...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe

...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref> ...</ref>/Gasani}}<ref>{{harvnb|Golden|2001a|p=33}}.'Somewhat later, however, in a letter to the Byzantine Emperor Basil I, dated to 871, Louis the German,

| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]] |piccap="Silk Road" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

...lan Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 109,687, in 32,424 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|01}}</ref> ...close to [[Rasht]]. Bandar-e Anzali is one of the most important seaports in the north of Iran. It consists of an island called ''Mianposhteh'' and the

|pushpin_map_caption = The location of Astana in Kazakhstan |established_date = in 1830 as Akmoly{{sfn|Pospelov|1993|pp=24–25}}

...ame = Павлодар <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |image_caption = Mashkhur Jusup Central Mosque in Pavlodar

...6-98/f96-98.htm The New Russia of Vladimir Zhirinovsky: Fascist Tendencies in the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia] ([[NATO]])</ref><ref name=abroadath ...e Carbonnel|author2=Alessandra Prentice|title=Armed men seize two airports in Ukraine's Crimea, Yanukovich reappears|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/20

{{Infobox ethnic group ...nie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation/demographic-situation-in-2015/|archivedate=3 February 2016}}</ref>

{{Infobox Ethnic group |group = Poles in Kazakhstan

{{Infobox ethnic group ...>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15696|title=People groups: Ukrainian|work=Joshua Project|date=|accessdate=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{

{{Infobox ethnic group | region16 = {{Flag|Poland}}

{{Infobox ethnic group ...uzsci.net/portal/library/atlas/ethnic_minorities.pdf |title=Uzbekistan – Ethnic minorities |publisher= |accessdate=2011-06-03}}</ref>

{{About|the East Slavic ethnic group, regardless of country of citizenship|all citizens of Russia, regardl {{Infobox ethnic group

...the [[List of countries by number of troops|fourth-largest standing army]] in the world. Kim's leadership is thought to have been even more authoritarian ...economic reforms, including the opening of the [[Kaesong Industrial Park]] in 2003.

...cularly in combination with [[hammer and sickle]]. It has been widely used in [[flag]]s, [[Nation state|state]] [[emblem]]s, [[monument]]s, [[Ornament (a ...ion|Communist Party]], along with, for example, the [[hammer and sickle]]. In Soviet heraldry, the red star symbolized the [[Red Army]] and the military