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{{about|the town in Kazakhstan|the general region|Turkestan}} |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

...translated as the ''Pyramid of Peace and Accord'', is a 77 m high building in [[Astana]], the capital of [[Kazakhstan]]. The structure was built ...tion at a cost of 8.74 billion Kazakh tenge (about $58 million) and opened in late 2006.

|type = National, ethnic, international ...publisher= komunitetibektashi.org | url=http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1

[[File:Kazhakhstan a Paris.Turan ensemble.2.jpg|thumbnail|Turan Ensemble in Paris, 1 November 2014]] ...o Folk Band) is a [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] folk music band, which was created in 2008 by several students of Kazakh National Conservatory named after [[Kurm

...9}}</ref> Ranked as the [[List of countries by area|ninth largest country in the world]] as well as the world's largest [[landlocked]] country,<ref>Agen ...khstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population dens

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] ...akhstan citizens. Do not change it to Kazakh, which is the demonym for the ethnic group--><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world

...s]], [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]], and other ethnic groups mainly of [[Central Asia]], particularly those of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] origin. Kazy is a common ...o dry for a week at a sun-lit placed exposed to wind. Smoking is performed in a thick smoke of 50-60° for 12–18 hours.

[[File:Almaty - Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|Preparation of a meal in Kazakhstan]] ...ese animals for transportation, clothing, and food.<ref>"Kazakhstan," Food in Every Country, accessed April 18, 2011,

...urnalists identified a "growing pattern" of intimidation of the media, and in 2012 several opposition media outlets were ordered to be shut down on charg ...y a government representative to buy a controlling stake in ''Respublika'' in November 2001.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/13/w

...as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. ...|archivedate=27 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It suspended its membership in 2012. The CSTO is an observer organization at the [[United Nations General

...=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref> In April 2015, Nazarbayev [[Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015|was re-ele ...esided over an authoritarian regime.<ref name="dissent"/> No election held in [[Kazakhstan]] since independence has met international standards.<ref name

...rate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] signed in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] on 21 February 1971. The [[Single Convention on Nar ...ry on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Commentary, published in 1976, is an invaluable aid to interpreting the treaty and constitutes a key

...://www.eurasianet.org/departments/culture/articles/eav042203.shtml |title= Ethnic Kazakhs Find Titular Homeland to be Economic Haven |last=Kueppers |first= A ...ers Alertnet|date=2003-09-03|accessdate=2010-06-08|title=Special report on ethnic Kazakhs and the struggle to return - Continued|url=http://www.irinnews.org/

...c projection).svg|thumb|300px|Middle Asia|alt=Middle Asia is not a Central Asia]] [[File:Central Asia borders4.png|thumb|250px|Map of '''Central Asia''' showing three sets of possible [[Eurasia]]n boundaries for the region]]

...sentemir, Maskar, Sherkesh, Tana. The battle cry of Alasha is "BaiBarak!". In 1897, members of the Bai-Uly tribe confederation numbered 600,000, or 16.2 ...een formed as to the origins of the Alasha tribes. Based on comparisons of ethnic shapes and tribe symbols, or ''tamga'', some researchers believe that the A

...lt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

|continent = Asia |region = Central Asia

...mi-[[Eurasian nomads|nomadic]] [[Eurasian Steppe|steppe]] people mentioned in [[China|Chinese]] records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. ...re last mentioned by the Chinese as having settled the [[Pamir Mountains]] in the 5th century AD. They possibly became subsumed into the later [[Hephthal

...Syr Darinskoj oblast 72.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Map of the Syr-Darya Oblast in 1872]] ...f [[Khanate of Khiva]] (for Amu Darya Okrug at present [[Karakalpakstan]]) in 1867.

...0th centuries)"'', Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127 (In Russian)</ref>) were a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribe that heavily influen ...cow, 'Science', 1974, Ch. 9, http://gumilevica.kulichki.com/HIC/hic09.htm (In Russian)</ref>

...oscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch.16, http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot16.htm (In Russian)</ref> ...the "right wing" ''on shadapyt'', "nushibi" is a colloquial pronunciation in modern Han dialect of the Chinese hieroglyphs for "right wing", ''modern Ch

{{Infobox ethnic group |regions = [[Central Asia]]

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...уз.svg|thumb|right|Approximate areas occupied by the three Kazakh hordes in the early 20th century; red represents the Senioren zhuz, orange represents ...an]], and represents the main [[Kazakh tribes|tribal]] division within the ethnic group of the [[Kazakhs]].

|conflict = Russian conquest of Central Asia |place = [[Central Asia]]

...es such as the [[Khazar Correspondence]], according to which at some point in the 8th–9th centuries, the ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Juda ...ate it.<ref name=rubin /> Despite skepticism, he reformulated the concept in 2016 by developing a novel method of genetic analysis that uses the fringe

|continent = Asia ...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref>

{{Infobox ethnic group ...ef><ref>{{cite book|last1=Unesco|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volym 4|pages=74|url=https://books.google.se/books?id=9yTFnuWQKvkC&pg=PA74

...ic|Kazakhstan]] 1897–1970. The number of Kazakhs and Ukrainans decreased in 1932–1933 due to famine.]] ...et-space |title=The Kazakh Famine of 1930–33 and the Politics of History in the Post-Soviet Space |publisher=Wilson Center |date=2012-03-26 |accessdate

...[[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p420 ISBN 0-19-924958-X</ref> ...Supreme Soviet]] had last taken place in March 1990, prior to independence in December 1991. The outgoing Supreme Soviet dissolved itself on 13 December

...opological development from the ancient to the modern times in the Central Asia. ...an]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] populations in respect to ethno-cultural processes in the region.

! Religious affiliation of the responders !! Absolute numbers <br /> (in thousands)!! Share<br />of the population<br />% | '''all in all''' ||align=right| '''16 009.6''' ||align=right| '''100.00'''

| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]] |piccap="Silk Road" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

...t citadel&nbsp;— One if not the largest extant Sassanid fortification(s) in the world.]] |Region=[[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe]]

...e [[Avars (Caucasian)|Avars]] and [[Laks (Dagestan)|Laks]] as the largest groups. ...leading to a renewed conflict between the Russian Federation and militants in the North Caucasus region.

...ption = '''Clockwise from top:''' Central Bridge which connects Europe and Asia during the evening; Stand marking the European side of the city; Orthodox C |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan

File:Baku montage3.jpg|275px|alt=Baku montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. ...18 447 1200 1056 [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|Philharmony Fountain in front of the Magomayev Philharmonic Hall]]

|location = Central Asia |ethnic groups =

{{About|the island group in the Caspian Sea|other similarly named islands|Tyuleny Island (disambiguatio | map_caption = Location of the Tyuleniy Archipelago in the Caspian Sea.

{{Infobox ethnic group |flag_caption = Altay ethnic flag, adopted by [[Russia]] as the official flag of the [[Altai Republic]].

...lls of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monument]] in the [[Republic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

|pushpin_map_caption = The location of Astana in Kazakhstan |established_date = in 1830 as Akmoly{{sfn|Pospelov|1993|pp=24–25}}

| image_map = Jambyl in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| image_map = Mangystau in Kazakhstan.svg | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities]]

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan ...Sayram Su River, which rises at the nearby 4000-meter mountain Sayram Su. In medieval times, the city and countryside were located on the banks of the [

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...алинск'''}}, '''Karkaraly''', '''Karkaralinsk''') is the oldest town in Karaganda Oblast ([[Karaganda Region]]). Karkaraly is also known as '''Kark

{{For|the villages in Iran|Taraz, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Taraz, Iran}} |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan

...morial; Park of the First President; Nur Ghasyr Mosque at night; Fountains in the Park of the First President; St. Nicolas Cathedral. |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan

...6-98/f96-98.htm The New Russia of Vladimir Zhirinovsky: Fascist Tendencies in the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia] ([[NATO]])</ref><ref name=abroadath ...e Carbonnel|author2=Alessandra Prentice|title=Armed men seize two airports in Ukraine's Crimea, Yanukovich reappears|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/20

'''[[Kazakhstan]]''' is located in [[Central Asia]] and [[Eastern Europe]] at {{Coord|48|68|type:country_region:KZ|display=in [[Image:Astana-steppe-7748.jpg|thumb|left|In the [[steppe]]s of Central Asia ([[Aqmola Province]])]]