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...publisher= komunitetibektashi.org | url=http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1 ...arsi]]s)<ref name="www.iranicaonline.org">{{cite web|title=Nowruz observed in Indian subcontinent|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nowruz-ii/|pu

...kz</ref> it has a territory of 2,727,300&nbsp;km² (greater than [[Western Europe]]). It is bordered by [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbek ...khstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population dens

| 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]

...milar to ''[[kefir]]'', but is produced from a liquid [[starter culture]], in contrast to the solid ''kefir'' "grains". Because mare's milk contains more .... Before [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]], the cow's milk is fortified in one of several ways. [[Sucrose]] may be added to allow a comparable ferment

...caviar comes from the critically endangered [[beluga sturgeon]] that swims in the Caspian Sea]] ...od or have the consistency of fresh caviar, and caviar lovers avoid it." ( in Judith C. Sutton, ''Champagne & Caviar & Other Delicacies'', New York, Blac

| purpose = Extensive and democratic dialogue in solving global challenges ...e place in May 2012 | publisher=''[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]]'' | accessdate=January 30, 2013}}</ref>

...transl|ru|''Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza''}}), abbreviated in English as '''CPSU''',{{efn|Sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist P ...rty]]), a revolutionary group led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which seized power in the aftermath of the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. The party was dissolve

...4. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous [[Human impact on th ...l., "International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments."] Chapter 13 in: ''Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Worki

...Europe and Central Asia. The EU has begun applying Aarhus-type principles in its legislation, notably the [[Water Framework Directive]] (Directive 2000/ ...garding access to information, public participation and access to justice, in governmental decision-making processes on matters concerning the local, nat

The '''Agreement on Agriculture''' ('''AoA''') is an international [[treaty]] of the [[World Trade Organiza ...prices and the failure of export earnings to keep pace with import demand in developing countries.

...ut binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Sig | date_expiration = in force<br>(first commitment period expired 31 December 2012)<ref>http://unfc

...through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s. [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|right|250px|thumb|Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922 with the Turkestan ASSR and the Kyrgyz ASSR]]

...y all of [[Asia]] (as well as [[Mongol invasion of Europe|parts of Eastern Europe]]) save for [[Japan]], the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate of E ...ess than a year later, when a Mongol caravan and its envoys were massacred in the Khwarezmian city of [[Otrar]].

...right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] ...stan. Modern ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' appeared from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago in southern, central, and eastern Kazakhstan. After the end of the [[last glac

...|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sasanian Empires), Aramaic was the ...an language|Parthian]] (administration, until the late 3rd-century) spoken in the north and east, and by the [[seven Parthian clans]]){{sfn|Daryaee|2008|

...72|pp=25–71|}}. This figure has been calculated on the basis of the data in both Herlihy and Russell's work.</ref> ...h|2007|p=25}}.</ref> Astride a major artery of commerce between [[northern Europe]] and [[southwestern Asia]], Khazaria became one of the foremost trading em

...ve power]] is exercised by the government. [[Legislative power]] is vested in both the [[Forms of government|government]] and the two chambers of parliam ...isters in the Cabinet. [[Bakhytzhan Sagintayev]] became the Prime Minister in September 2016.

...1/09/18/15542.html Kazakhstan, Russia ready for close cooperation with USA in combating extremism] Pravda</ref> ...bassador to the United States in July 2007. The Ambassador has been quoted in the past as being opposed to the film ''[[Borat]]'', but has seemed to take

|office1 = Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan |office2 = Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

...peaker of the [[Senate of Kazakhstan|Senate]], the second highest position in the [[Government of Kazakhstan]], from 1 December to 2004.<ref name=RESIGNA ...as speaker. This diminishes the authority and respect of the whole Senate in front of ordinary citizens. That is the image society sees of the Senate it

...'' and '''European ground cherry''', but is not to be confused with plants in the distinct "Groundcherry" genus of ''[[Physalis]]''. ...nformation Network (GRIN) Taxonomy for Plants | author=U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) | url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29899 }}</r

...ref name=trop>&nbsp;''Allium senescens'' was first described and published in ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' 1: 299-300. 1753. {{ cite web |url=http://tropico ...|GRIN]] |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources P

...ory in Canada except the [[Northwest Territories]], as well as every state in the northern half of the US, including [[Alaska]], plus [[New Mexico]] and ...e stem) hairs. Leaves are broad, up to 35 mm long. Flowers occur singly or in groups of 2-5. Petals are white, up to 6 mm long, generally twice as long a

...ia]] from [[Turkey]] to [[Iran]] to [[Kazakhstan]]. It is also naturalized in parts of the [[United States]] (south-central and eastern parts from [[Texa *[http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CRPE10 US Department of Agriculture plants profile, ]

...erennial plant|perennial]], with a wide distribution, ranging from eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has grass-like leaves, thick stem and violet or bluish ...ery similar to ''[[Iris uniflora]]''.<ref name=efloras/> The other species in the ''Iris series Ruthenicae''. It can be variable with its leaf length and

...t]] and China. It has long thin grey green leaves, long stems and 1 flower in pale violet, blue violet, lavender or light blue. ...ght to be a form of ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]''.<ref name=cassidy/> Especially in China.<ref name=efloras/>

...(plant)|Iris]]'', in the subgenus ''[[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]'' and in the ''[[Iris series Tenuifoliae|Tenuifoliae series]]'' of the species. It i ...[[Uzbekistan]]. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2-3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

...mental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several [[subspecies]]; ''[[Iris spuria subsp. carthalin ...er= botany.cz |accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref> that is about 2&nbsp;cm in diameter,<ref name=isles>A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin and D. M. Moore {{Googl

...)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]'' and in the ''Hexapogon'' section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perenn It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions

...llow flowers with an orange beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. ...nym or as a subspecies,it is a yellow dwarf iris only from central Europe. In some sources it is still listed as a subspecies of ''Iris humilis''.

...lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. ...This form separates them from ''[[Iris potaninii]]''.<ref name=handbook/> In mild temperate areas, they are evergreen (lasting through the winter).<ref

...temperateness|temperate]] regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and ''[[Iris glaucescens]]'' became a synonym of ''Iris scarios It is similar in form to ''[[Iris pumila]]''.<ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Bearded Irise

...sea, and desertification of former agricultural land. These issues are due in large part to Kazakhstan's years under the [[Soviet Union]]. ...oactive contamination]] at the [[Semipalatinsk]] nuclear testing facility (in fact a large zone south of [[Kourchatov]] ([[Курчатов]])) and along

The '''great jerboa''' (''Allactaga major'') is a species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Dipodidae]]. ...ussia]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. It mainly lives in deserts.

|caption=Brezhnev in [[East Berlin]] in 1967 ...beginning of [[Era of Stagnation|an era of economic and social stagnation in the Soviet Union]].

...itation no more than 400&nbsp;mm (in the western section) and 200&nbsp;mm (in the eastern section).<ref name=krymov>Ivan Krymov, [http://www.morvesti.ru/ ...olga-Chogray Canal across Kalmykia. Construction of this canal was started in the late Soviet era, but later abandoned. This time, it is proposed to redu

'''Port of Baku''' is a [[sea port]] located in the [[Bay of Baku]], on the coast of city of [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]. The ...zerbaijan. The port operates non-stop and is an important transit point in Europe-Asia trade promoted within [[TRACECA]] - RESTORATION OF THE HISTORIC SILK R

...lack Sea|Black]] and [[Caspian Sea]]s to improve the transport performance in the Caspian region, including southern Russia. ...nd Caspian Seas was approved in May 1932, and construction began that year in the West Manych River valley. The shipping route was divided into three se

...is in an [[endorheic basin]] (a basin without outflows) located between [[Europe]] and [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Caspian Sea|url=http://www.sheppardsof ...ains]] and to the west of the vast steppe of [[Central Asia]]. The sea bed in the southern part reaches as low as 1023 m below sea level, which is the se

...s conventionally considered part of the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. The Ural River arises near Mount Kruglaya in the Ural Mountains, flows south parallel and west of the north-flowing [[To

|caption=The Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right) ...f 1853 published for the ''Journal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]'' in London]]

...rsal''' was an ambitious project to divert the flow of the Northern rivers in the [[Soviet Union]], which "uselessly" drain into the [[Arctic Ocean]], so ...the 1960s through the early 1980s. The controversial project was abandoned in 1986, primarily for environmental reasons, without much actual construction

| header = Ural regions in [[Russia]] ...its western [[Volga]] and eastern [[Siberia]] neighbor regions. At points in time, parts of the Urals were considered a gateway to Siberia, if not Siber

|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan ...and '''Fort-Perovsky''' (Russian: Форт-Перовский), is a city in south central [[Kazakhstan]], capital of [[Kyzylorda Region]] and former ca

...]] in north-western [[Kazakhstan]]. It is the seat of [[Akzhaik District]] in [[West Kazakhstan Region]]. Population: {{Kz-census2009|8,476|punct=;}} {{K ...f the [[Russian Civil War]] (1919). A museum was established in his memory in 1927.

'''[[Kazakhstan]]''' is located in [[Central Asia]] and [[Eastern Europe]] at {{Coord|48|68|type:country_region:KZ|display=inline, title}}. With an [[Image:Astana-steppe-7748.jpg|thumb|left|In the [[steppe]]s of Central Asia ([[Aqmola Province]])]]

|sectors = agriculture: 4.8%; industry: 35.3%; services: 59.9% (2015 est.)<ref name="The World Fac |occupations = agriculture: 25.8%; industry: 11.9%; services: 62.3% (2012 est.)

...n/|accessdate=5 August 2015|publisher=Russia Today}}</ref> It participated in the EAEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding state.<ref name=F ...Minister Vladimir Putin "A new integration project for Eurasia: The future in the making"|url=http://www.russianmission.eu/en/news/article-prime-minister

{{For|transport in the Soviet Union|Transport in the Soviet Union}} ...emote from world markets. Therefore, the need for efficient transportation in Kazakhstan is great.

...ans from the Volga region at a refugee camp in [[Schneidemühl]], Germany, in 1920]] ...cs, [[Moravian Church|Moravians]], and [[Russian Mennonite|Mennonites]]). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many Volga Germans emigrated to [[Kansas