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...), (also referred to as Ospan) fighter for the freedom of the Qazaq people in [[Xinjiang]] *[[Janabil]] (born 1934), politician in China

...[[Geneva]]. The ITU Constitution and Convention succeeded and replaced the 1865 '''International Telegraph Convention'''. In article 4, the Constitution lays down the instruments of the ITU as follows

...and [[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]] become protectorates of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] |combatant1 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire|Russia]]

|image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg |flag = Flag of Russia

...up of mass [[Religious conversion|proselytes]] to [[Judaism]] has resulted in many works of speculative fiction dealing with the Khazars, their dealings ===The Kuzari: In Defense of the Despised Faith AD 1140===

...tachments of the Kazakh militia fighting the [[Dzungars]]. He participated in the most significant battles against the Dzungars from the 1720s to the 175 ...been competing for the lavish gifts and stipends of the Emperors of Russia in return for their submission.

*''Periops caudælineatus'' <br>{{small|— [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1865}} ...[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ..

| basin_countries = [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]] ...rian Tatar language|Siber:]] Эйәртеш/Eyärtesh) is a [[river]] in [[Russia]], [[China]], and [[Kazakhstan]]. It is the chief tributary of the [[Ob Riv

...Mountains|Altai]] and the [[Tarbagatai Mountains]]. It is the largest lake in the [[East Kazakhstan Province]]. ...[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/656085/Lake-Zaysan]</ref> thus, in some sources the lake is indicated as part of an artificial reservoir.<ref>

|caption=The Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right) ...f 1853 published for the ''Journal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]'' in London]]

|settlement_type =<small>[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-Pro |map_caption = Ili Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)

...lls of the [[Kok Tobe]]; [[Abay Opera House]]; [[Golden Warrior Monument]] in the [[Republic Square, Almaty|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan

|pushpin_map_caption = The location of Astana in Kazakhstan |established_date = in 1830 as Akmoly{{sfn|Pospelov|1993|pp=24–25}}

Founded by a unit of the [[Siberian Cossacks]] headed by [[Fyodor Shubin]] in 1830 as Akmoly settlement. ...economic relations in Kazakhstan in the second half of the XIX century" /> In 1869, Akmolinsk external district and department were cancelled, and Akmoli

|group = Poles in Kazakhstan ...live in the [[Karaganda]] region, with another 2,500 in [[Astana]], 1,200 in [[Almaty]], and the rest scattered throughout rural regions.<ref>{{harvnb|P

...ics/conflict/baylis_strategy3e/01student/cases/chechnya.pdf |title=The War in Chechnya |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-02-04}}</ref> to 2 million<ref |region1={{flag|Russia}}

| region5 = {{flag|Russia}} ...icon}} [http://www.perepis2010.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463 Russia Census 2002]</ref>

...local military control and threatened [[British Empire|British]] interests in [[Asia]].<ref>''Military power, conflict, and trade'' by Michael P. Gerace, [[File:Un-Turkmenistan.svg|thumb|300px|Route of Trans-Caspian railway in [[Turkmenistan]]]]