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{{Infobox officeholder
| name=Yulbars Khan
| image = Yulbars Khan.jpg
| caption = Yolbars Khan
| birth_date = 1888
| death_date = 1971
| birth_place = [[Yangi Hissar]], [[Qing Dynasty]]
| death_place = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]
| nickname="Tiger Prince" of [[Hami City|Hami]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytwAAAAMAAJ&q=tiger+prince+hami&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBQ|title=The Silk road|author=Sven Anders Hedin|year=1938|publisher=E. P. Dutton & company, inc.|location=|isbn=|pages=1, 214|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3FHwdHpdu4C&pg=PA178&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tiger%20prince%20hami&f=false|title=Women of the Gobi: Journeys on the Silk Road|author=Kate James|year=2006|publisher=Pluto Press Australia|location=North Melbourne Victoria|isbn=1-86403-329-0|page=178|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>
| birth_name=[[Yulbars]]
|office= Governor of [[Xinjiang]]
|term_start= 1951
|term_end= 1971
|office2= Chancellor of the [[Kumul Khanate]]
|term_start2= 1922
|term_end2= 1930
|lieutenant=
|predecessor= [[Burhan Shahidi]]
|successor=
|party = [[Kuomintang]] party
|spouse=2 Wives
|children=Yaqub Beg<br />Niyas<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA225&dq=yulbars+khan&hl=en&ei=5QqdTJDRHsH38Aas1uT0DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=yulbars%20khan%20son%20beg%20niyas%20ally&f=false|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-25514-7|page=254|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>
|nationality=[[Uyghur people|Uyghur]]
|religion = [[Hanafi]] [[Sunni Islam]]
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|20px|Flag of the Republic of China]] [[Republic of China]]
| branch = [[National Revolutionary Army]]
| serviceyears = 1944–1951
| rank = [[General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands = [[General]]
| battles = [[Chinese Civil War]]
*[[Kumul Rebellion]]
*[[Ili Rebellion]]
*[[Battle of Yiwu]]
*[[Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency in China (1950–1958)]]
| battles_label =
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork = Governor of [[Xinjiang]]
}}

'''Yulbars Khan''' ({{lang-ug|يۇلبارس خان}} {{lang-ug|يۇلۋاس خان}} (يولبارس خان) 'Tiger'; {{zh|t=堯樂博斯|p=Yáolèbósī}} or {{zh|t=堯樂博士|p=Yáolèbóshì}}; 1888-1971), [[courtesy name]] '''Jingfu''' (景福), was a [[Uyghur people|Uighur]] warlord and [[Kuomintang]] general during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. He entered the service in the [[Kumul Khanate]] of Muhammad Khan of Kumul and later his son [[Maksud Shah]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEzNwgtiVQ0C&pg=PA97&dq=yolbas+khan&hl=en&ei=EOAbTL-aMIKdlgfZpfnuDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=yolbas%20khan&f=false|title=Wild West China: the taming of Xinjiang|author=Christian Tyler|year=2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=0-8135-3533-6|page=97|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2VtAAAAMAAJ&q=tiger+prince+hami&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw|title=Opuscula Altaica: essays presented in honor of Henry Schwarz|author1=Edward H. Kaplan |author2=Donald W. Whisenhunt |author3=Henry G. Schwarz |year=1994|publisher=Western Washington|location=|isbn=0-914584-19-7|page=127|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> He served as an advisor at the court, until when Maksud died in March 1930, governor [[Jin Shuren]] abolished the khanate.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXR_AAAAMAAJ&q=tiger+prince+hami&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA|title=Travelling ladies|author=Alexandra Allen|year=1980|publisher=Jupiter|location=|isbn=|page=213|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> Yulbars then conspired with [[Khoja Niyaz]] and [[Ma Zhongying]] to overthrow Jin in the [[Kumul Rebellion]].<ref>[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4cc86add0100bll7.html]</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytwAAAAMAAJ&q=tiger+prince+hami&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBQ|title=The Silk road|author=Sven Anders Hedin|year=1938|publisher=E. P. Dutton & company, inc.|location=|isbn=|pages=1, 214|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEzNwgtiVQ0C&pg=PA98&dq=tiger+prince+hami&hl=en&ei=wu0bTNunOYOdlgflprmSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=tiger%20prince%20hami&f=false|title=Wild West China: the taming of Xinjiang|author=Christian Tyler|year=2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=0-8135-3533-6|page=98|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> According to some people, Ma restrained Yulbars from traveling to Nanking to ask the Kuomintang for help, Ma earlier had an agreement with the Kuomintang that if he seized Xinjiang, he would be recognized by the Kuomintang as its leader.

Jin was eventually ousted by [[Sheng Shicai]] on April 12, 1933, who seized control of the province during 1934–1937. On June 4, 1933 [[Khoja Niyaz]] concluded Peace Agreement with Sheng Shicai in [[Jimsar County|Jimsar]] under mediation of newly appointed Soviet Consul-General in [[Urumchi]] Garegin Apressof, close associate of [[Joseph Stalin]], and agreed to turn his Uyghur forces against general [[Ma Chung-ying]] in exchange for granting control over Southern Xinjiang ([[Kashgaria]] or [[Tarim Basin]]), which already was lost by Chinese and where bloody struggle for power between different rebel forces was being developed, also over [[Turpan Basin]] and [[Kumul Prefecture|Kumul Region]], which currently were occupied by Ma Chung-ying forces. All territory south of [[Tianshan Mountains|Tengritagh Mountains]] was granted the " autonomous status " inside of Xinjiang Province, Chinese promised in Agreement not to cross Tengritagh. Yulbars Khan not followed Khoja Niyaz in this decision and remained to be ally of Ma Chung-ying, who appointed him to be the Chief of Procurement Department of [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) 36th Division. In summer 1934, after retreating of Ma to the Southern Xinjiang and his following interning on Soviet territory on July 7, 1934, Yulbars Khan managed to conclude peace agreement with Sheng Shicai and was left as commander of Uyghur regiment in Kumul and also given high post of Commissioner for Reconstruction Affairs in Xinjiang Provincial Government. In May 1937, after 6th Uyghur Division and 36th Tungan Division mutinied against Xinjiang Provincial Government in Southern Xinjiang, rebels in Kashgaria appealed to Yulbars Khan to cut off communications between Xinjiang and China from his base in Kumul. During suppression of rebellion by Sheng Shicai with Soviet military support (which included 5,000 Soviet intervention troops, airplanes and tanks BT-7) in summer 1937 he fled to Nanjing and returned to Kumul in 1946. He led Chinese Muslim cavalry and White Russians against [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) forces taking over Xinjiang in 1949. He fought at the [[Battle of Yiwu]]. In 1951, after most of his troops deserted, he fled to Calcutta in India via Tibet, where his men were attacked by the [[Dalai Lama]]'s forces. He then took a steamer to Taiwan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=warlords+and+muslims&source=bl&ots=KzhMe1dpqU&sig=YUq2zwbyUFNCsO5Jnt2RTAKL0rc&hl=en&ei=SdobTNyIEYO8lQfuvYm1Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=yulbars%20calcutta%20%20taiwan&f=false|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-25514-7|page=225|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> The KMT government then appointed him Governor of Xinjiang, which he held until he died in 1971 in [[Taiwan]]. In 1969 his memoirs ({{zh|t=堯樂博士回憶錄|p=Yáolè bóshì huíyìlù}}) were released.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=warlords+and+muslims&source=bl&ots=KzhMe1dpqU&sig=YUq2zwbyUFNCsO5Jnt2RTAKL0rc&hl=en&ei=SdobTNyIEYO8lQfuvYm1Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=yulbars%20memoirs%20taiwan%20governor&f=false|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-25514-7|page=279|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref><ref name="Klimeš2015">{{cite book|author=Ondřej Klimeš|title=Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdcuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=8 January 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-28809-6|pages=20–}}</ref>

Yulbars Khan was declared a traitor by Uyghur figures in the [[East Turkestan Independence Movement]] like [[Muhammad Amin Bughra]] and [[Isa Yusuf Alptekin]] for siding with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and the Kuomintang, who continued to claim Xinjiang as a part of the Republic of China.<ref>Page 52, Ismail, Mohammed Sa'id, and Mohammed Aziz Ismail. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA365044 Moslems in the Soviet Union and China]. Translated by U.S. Government, Joint Publications Service. Tehran, Iran: Privately printed pamphlet, published as vol. 1, 1960 (Hejira 1380); translation printed in Washington: JPRS 3936, September 19, 1960. {{cite book|author=Linda Benson|title=The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suuXIhetjZcC&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1990|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-87332-509-7|pages=246–}}{{cite book|author1=Linda Benson|author2=Ingvar Svanberg|title=China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNct0NqCP8gC&pg=PA231&lpg=PA231#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=11 March 1998|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-4059-8|pages=231–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://oxuscom.com/sovinxj.htm The Soviets in Xinjiang (1911-1949) by Mark Dickens]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Yulbars}}
[[Category:History of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:People from Kashgar]]
[[Category:Chinese Muslims]]
[[Category:Chinese Muslim generals]]
[[Category:National Revolutionary Army generals from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Chinese Nationalist military figures]]
[[Category:Kuomintang politicians in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Republic of China politicians from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Taiwanese people from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Chinese anti-communists]]
[[Category:Chinese Civil War refugees]]

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