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Rathfelder: -Category:Tulips; -Category:Flora of North-Ossetia; -Category:Flora of Kabardino-Balkaria using HotCat

2017-01-02T11:23:36Z

-Category:Tulips; -Category:Flora of North-Ossetia; -Category:Flora of Kabardino-Balkaria using HotCat

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{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
|image = Донузлав, дикий тюльпан.JPG
|image_caption =
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Liliales]]
|familia = [[Liliaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Tulipa]]''
|species = '''''T. schrenkii'''''
|binomial = ''Tulipa schrenckii''
|binomial_authority = [[Regel]]<ref>Eduard August von Regel, Trudy Imperatorskago St.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada 2/2, 1873, 452</ref>
|synonyms = ''Tulipa volgensis'' M.Bieb. ex Eichw., ''Tulipa hortulanorum'' Wender., ''Tulipa odoratissima'' Vis., ''Tulipa oxypetala'' Steven, ''Tulipa schrenckii'' var. ''bicolor'' Regel, ''Tulipa schrenckii'' var. ''pluriflora'' Regel, ''Tulipa turcarum'' Levier, ''Tulipa gesneriana'' var. ''acutiflora'', ''Tulipa gesneriana'' subsp. ''schrenkii'' (Regel) Nyman, ''Tulipa monticola'' E.Wulff, ''Tulipa splendens'' Delip.<ref name="WCSP" />

|}}'''''Tulipa schrenkii''''' or Schrenck's tulip is a [[bulb]]ous herbaceous [[perennial]] of species of [[tulip]] (''Tulipa'') in the family of the [[Liliaceae]]. It belongs to the section [[tulipa]].

== Description ==
[[File:Tulipa suaveolens.jpg|thumb|Schrenck's tulip in the garden]]
The tunic of the bulb is dark brown. Stiff hairs grow on the inside, especially towards the tip. The 3-4 leaves are glaucous and undulate. They are normally 10, sometimes up to 20 cm long and 3–6 cm wide.<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, species and hybrids for the Gardener. Portland, Timber Press 2006, 145</ref> The stem is 15–30 cm long and glabrous, sometimes slightly hairy. The flowers of ''Tulipa schrenckii'' are bowl shaped and very varied in colour. They can be red, light-red, pink, yellow or white. There are also forms with red petals bordered in yellow or white<ref name="Rukšāns2007" />

== Habitat ==
''Tulipa schrenckii'' grows in the Southern [[Ukraine]], especially on the [[Crimea]],<ref name="GRIN" /> the European part of [[Russia]], especially on the lower [[Don River (Russia)|Don]] and around the [[Sea of Azov]],<ref name="Ghahreman2007" /> in Western [[Iran]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Ciscaucasia]] ([[North-Ossetia]], [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] and in the former [[Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] region on the [[Terek Soviet Republic|Terek]]),<ref name="sevin">{{cite web|url=http://www.sevin.ru/redbooksevin/index.html?contentp/276.html|title=Тюльпан Шренка - Tulipa shrenckii Regel|publisher=sevin.ru|accessdate=2014-05-11}}</ref> northern [[Dagestan]], western [[Kazakhstan]],<ref name="LandwirtschaftsministeriumKasachstan" /> in Central Asia,<ref name="WCSP" /> China <ref name="sevin"/> and the lowlands of western [[Siberia]].<ref name="GRIN" />
The status of the [[Anatolia]]n populations is dubious, as they could be descended from plants previously cultivated in gardens and parks. Gerhard Pils<ref>Gerhard Pils 2006. Flowers of Turkey, a photo-guide, Self-published, 361</ref> only lists ''[[Tulipa sylvestris]]'', ''[[Tulipa humilis]]'', ''[[Tulipa saxatilis]]'' and ''[[Tulipa armena]]'' as wild species. Christenhuit et al. assume "ca. seven" wild species, without listing them however.<ref>Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Rafaël Govaerts, John C. David, Tony Hall, Katherine Borland, Penelope S. Roberts, Anne Tuomisto, Sven Buerki, Mark W. Chase & Michael F. Fay: 'Tiptoe through the tulips – cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172/3, 2013, 280–328. {{DOI|10.1111/boj.12061}}</ref> ''Tulipa schrenckii'' grows in the [[steppe]] and in [[semideserts]],<ref name="Ghahreman2007" /> up to 600 m ASL. In [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation|Russia]] and Kazakhstan this tulip is listed on the Red List of endangered species.

== Systematics ==
''Tulipa schrenckii'' was first described in 1794 by [[Albrecht Wilhelm Roth]] in the "Annalen der Botanik" (ed. Usteri) 10, 44.<ref name="GRIN" /><ref name="Tropicos" /> as Tulipa suaveolens. The Latin ephithet ''suaveolens'' means sweet-smelling. Different species were described from different sites, which later turned out to be all members of the species ''Tulipa schrenckii''. ''Tulipa schrenckii'' was described in 1873 by [[Eduard August von Regel]] in the Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada.<ref>2/2, 452</ref> The ephiteton ''schrenkii'' honours the Baltic-German botanist [[Alexander von Schrenk|Alexander Gustav von Schrenk]].<ref name="Regel1873" />

== History ==
The wild ''Tulipa schrenckii'' is known in Turkey as [[Feodossija|Kefe]] Lale (also "Cafe-Lale" after the medieval name of Kaffa on the Crimea). [[Johannes Marius Cornelis Hoog]] thinks that it is one of the parent species of the horned tulip ''[[Tulipa cornuta]]'', often wrongly labelled as ''[[Tulipa acuminata]]'' in the bulb-trade<ref>Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Rafaël Govaerts, John C. David, Tony Hall, Katherine Borland, Penelope S. Roberts, Anne Tuomisto, Sven Buerki, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, Tiptoe through the tulips – cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172, 2013, 312</ref>). Sultan [[Selim II]] had 300.000 bulbs brought from Kefe for the gardens of the [[Topkapı Palace|Topkapı-Sarajı]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Pavord1999" />

''Tulipa schrenckii'' is also a progenitor of the low-growing Duc-tulips (also called ''Dukes'', ''Dux'' or ''Ducks''), which are attested in the Netherlands since the end of the 16th. century. They were named for Adrian Duyk from [[Oud-Karspel]] in the Netherlands.<ref name="Pavord1999" />).<ref name="oldtulips" /> A painting by [[Jakob de Gheyn II.]], originating between 1600 and 1603 depicts shells, a caterpillar and a vase with love-in the mist, a snake's head fritillary, roses, [[Aquilegia]], lilies-of the valley, pansies and a ''Tulipa schrenckii'' with pointed petals. A moth is sitting on the vase. Drawings by Jakob de Gheyn show this plant as well<ref name="HopperBoom1975/76">Florence Hopper Boom 1975/76, An Early Flower Piece by Jacques de Gheyn II. Simiolus, Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art 8/4, 198.</ref> Bulbs of ''Tulipa schrenkii'' were imported 1881 into the Netherlands, where they were hybridised with other domesticated tulips.

==References==
<references>
<ref name="WCSP">M. J. M. Christenhusz, R. Govaerts, J. C. David, T. Hall, K. Borland, P. S. Roberts, A. Tuomisto, S. Buerki, M. W. Chase, M. F. Fay: ''Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172, 2013, 280–328. [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=290014 ]</ref>
<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN|TaxonNr=|id=401910|WissName=|name=Tulipa suaveolens|access=2013-12-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Tropicos">{{Tropicos|100270996|Tulipa suaveolens|accessdate=2013-12-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Ghahreman2007">Ahmad Ghahreman, Farideh Attar, Farrokh Ghahremanineja: A New Species of Tulipa (Liliaceae) from Western Iran. ''Novon'' 17/4, 2007, 438.</ref>
<ref name="LandwirtschaftsministeriumKasachstan">[http://www.oopt.kz/forest/natural_zapovednik/naurzum/general.php]. accessed 5. April 2010</ref>
<ref name="Pavord1999">Anna Pavord 1999. ''The tulip.'' London, Bloomsbury, 25, 41, 138.</ref>
<ref name="Rukšāns2007">Jānis Rukšāns 2007. ''Buried Treasures. Finding and growing the world's choicest bulbs.'' Portland, Timber Press, 125</ref>
<ref name="Regel1873">[http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15639226 ''Tulipa schrenkii'', Regel 1873.]</ref>
<ref name="oldtulips">[http://oldtulips.org/index.php?section=category&content=duc_van_tol 'Duc van Tol']</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tulipa suaveolens|''Tulipa schrenckii''}}
* [http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=1039358 Illustrations]

[[Category:Tulipa|schrenkii]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1873]]
[[Category:Flora of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
[[Category:Flora of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Flora of Dagestan]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]

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Rathfelder: -Category:Tulips; -Category:Flora of North-Ossetia; -Category:Flora of Kabardino-Balkaria using HotCat