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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{outdated|since 2009|date=March 2016}}<br />
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The '''Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System''' is a proposed project to transport oil through the [[Caspian Sea]] from [[Kazakhstan]]i Caspian oilfields to [[Baku]] in [[Azerbaijan]] for the further transportation to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] or [[Black Sea]] coast. The main options under consideration are an offshore [[oil pipeline]] from Kazakhstan to Azerbaijan, and construction of [[oil terminal]]s and [[oil tanker]]s fleet.<ref name=guliyev><br />
{{cite paper<br />
| last1 = Guliyev | first1 = Farid<br />
| last2 = Akhrarkhodjaeva | first2 = Nozima<br />
| series = RussCasp Working Paper<br />
| url= http://www.fni.no/russcasp/Kazakh_Azeri_%20oil_transport_RussCasp_Working_Paper.pdf<br />
| title= Transportation of Kazakhstani Oil via the Caspian Sea (TKOC). Arrangements, Actors and Interests <br />
| date=2008-11-18<br />
| accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref><ref name=ihs090606><br />
{{cite news<br />
|url= http://www.ihsglobalinsight.com/SDA/SDADetail6096.htm<br />
|title= Kashagan Partners Eye US$4-bil. Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System to Connect to BTC Pipeline<br />
|publisher= IHS Global Insight<br />
|date=2006-06-09<br />
|accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref><ref name=edm150505><br />
{{cite news<br />
| publisher = [[The Jamestown Foundation]]<br />
| newspaper = [[Eurasia Daily Monitor]]<br />
| first = Vladimir | last = Socor<br />
| authorlink = Vladimir Socor<br />
| url = http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=30404<br />
| title= Trans-Caspian Oil Pipeline Planned in Kazakhstan<br />
| date=2005-05-05<br />
| accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref><ref name=edm200606/> A strong push for the project has been from the partners of the Kashagan oilfield project and in particular Total who has a share in both the field and the BTC pipeline. They have estimated that such a project would cost roughly US$4&nbsp;billion. The project also faces opposition from Iran and Russia, both alternative avenues for Kazakhstan's oil and gas who would likely object to competing pipelines being built.<ref name=ihs090606/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 2005, the [[Government of Kazakhstan]] adopted plans for creation of a trans-Caspian westbound route for oil export.<ref name=edm150505/> On 19 June 2006, President of Kazakhstan [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] and President of Azerbaijan [[Ilham Aliyev]] signed a framework agreement on the trans-Caspian oil transport system.<ref name=edm200606><br />
{{cite news<br />
| publisher = [[The Jamestown Foundation]]<br />
| newspaper = [[Eurasia Daily Monitor]]<br />
| first = Vladimir | last = Socor<br />
| authorlink = Vladimir Socor<br />
| url= http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=31797<br />
| title= Oil Tanker Shipment — the Short-term Default for Trans-Caspian Oil<br />
| date=2006-06-20<br />
| accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref> On 24 January 2007, partners in [[TengizChevroil]] (developer of [[Tengiz field]]) and KCO ([[Kashagan field]] developer)signed a memorandum of understanding to create a trans-Caspian oil transport system.<ref name=edm240107><br />
{{cite news<br />
| publisher = [[The Jamestown Foundation]]<br />
| newspaper = [[Eurasia Daily Monitor]]<br />
| first = Vladimir | last = Socor<br />
| authorlink = Vladimir Socor<br />
| url= http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32424<br />
| title= Western Majors Sign Agreement of Intent on Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System<br />
| date=2007-01-24<br />
| accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref> On 2 October 2009, the national oil company of Kazakhstan [[Kazmunaygas]] and the [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic]] signed a memorandum of understanding to expand the Caspian Oil Transport System to include Azeri infrastructure and onshore pipelines from Baku to [[Kulevi oil terminal]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name=ihs051009><br />
{{cite news<br />
|url= http://www.ihsglobalinsight.com/SDA/SDADetail17714.htm<br />
|title= SOCAR, Kazmunaigaz Sign New Caspian Oil Transit Accords<br />
|publisher= IHS Global Insight<br />
|date=2009-10-05<br />
|accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref><ref name=trend021009><br />
{{cite news<br />
|url= http://en.trend.az/capital/securities/1552005.html<br />
|title= Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan sign documents on Trans-Caspian project and new pipeline<br />
|publisher= [[Trend News Agency]]<br />
|date=2009-10-02<br />
|accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref> <br />
<br />
On 6 October 2009, an agreement on the oil pipeline from Kashagan to Baku was signed by consortium of French companies during the French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]'s visit to Kazakhstan.<ref name=ogj290109/><br />
<br />
==Oil pipeline==<br />
A {{convert|700|km|adj=on}} long oil pipeline will run from [[Kashagan field]] or Kuryk to Baku.<ref name=edm150505/><ref name=ogj290109><br />
{{cite news<br />
| url= http://www.ogj.com/articles/2009/10/france--kazakhstan.html<br />
| title= France, Kazakhstan seal long-term energy accords<br />
| first1 = Eric | last1 = Watkins<br />
| first2 = Doris | last2 = Leblond<br />
| publisher= [[PennWell Corporation]]<br />
| journal= [[Oil & Gas Journal]]<br />
| volume= 107<br />
| issue = 38<br />
| date=2009-10-06<br />
| accessdate=2010-03-04}}<br />
</ref> Work for the pipeline is still in the feasibility stage according to an official from the oil company [[Total S.A.|Total]].<br />
<br />
==Shuttle tankers system==<br />
The shuttle tankers system envisages an usage of oil tankers to transport oil from Kuryk terminal in Kazakhstan to [[Sangachal Terminal]] in Azerbaijan.<ref name=edm240107/> The capacity of this system would be {{convert|500000|oilbbl/d}} in the initial stage, rising later up to {{convert|1.2|Moilbbl/d}}.<ref name=ihs051009/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Azerbaijan|Kazakhstan|Energy}}<br />
* [[Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea]]<br />
* [[Kulevi oil terminal]]<br />
* [[Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://cgs.illinois.edu/resources/webvideo/the-globalization-energy-resources-tapping-caspian-oil-and-gas The Globalization of Energy Resources: Tapping Caspian Oil and Gas]. Lecture presented by Jonathan Elkind, Independent energy, environment and security consultant and former Director for Russian, Ukrainian, and Eurasian Affairs, National Security Council (1998-2001). October 19, 2006. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Kazakhstan]]<br />
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Azerbaijan]]<br />
[[Category:Caspian Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Proposed pipelines in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations]]<br />
[[Category:Submarine pipelines]]<br />
[[Category:Proposed pipelines in Europe]]</div>Lklundin