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{{Other uses|Taman (disambiguation)}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2006}}

{{Coord|45|11|08|N|36|47|28|E|display=title|region:RU_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}

[[File:Taman map.png|thumb|left|300px|A map of the Taman peninsula, c. 1870. The [[Temryuk Bay]] is shown at the centre, and the [[Taman Bay]] is at the bottom left.]]

The '''Taman Peninsula''' ({{lang-ru|Тама́нский полуо́стров}}, ''Tamanskiy poluostrov''), a [[peninsula]] in the present-day [[Krasnodar Krai]] of [[Russia]], borders on the north with the [[Sea of Azov]], on the west with the [[Strait of Kerch]] and on the south with the [[Black Sea]].<ref name="German Archaeological Institute">[http://www.dainst.org/index_679f6b74bb1f14a184730017f0000011_en.html "Greek colonization in the northern Black Sea area"]. German Archaeological Institute. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
</ref> The area has evolved over the past two millennia from a chain of islands into today's peninsula. In ancient times the [[Pontic Greek]] colonies of [[Hermonassa]] and [[Phanagoria]] stood on the peninsula, as did the later city of [[Tmutarakan]].

[[File:Bronze Axe 6th cent BC Hermitage Museum.JPG|thumb|left|320px|Bronze [[Axe]], 6th century BC, Taman peninsula, {{as of | 2014 | lc = on}} at the [[Hermitage Museum]].]]

The [[Maeotae]] and [[Sindi (people)|Sindi]] settled in the area from ancient times. In the [[classical antiquity|classical period]] it became part of the [[Bosporan kingdom]]; its inhabitants included [[Sarmatians]], [[Greek people|Greeks]], [[Anatolia]]n settlers from [[Pontus]], and [[Jews]]. In the 4th century CE the area fell to the [[Huns]]; it was later the capital of [[Great Bulgaria]] and fell to the [[Khazars]] in the mid-7th century. Following the breakup of the Khazar [[Khaganate]] in c. 969, the peninsula formed part of a Khazar Jewish [[successor state]] under a ruler named [[David of Taman|David]]. By the late 980s it came largely into the possession of the [[Kievan Rus]] and of the [[Rus' people|Russian]] Principality of Tmutarakan before falling to the [[Kipchaks]] c. 1100. The [[Mongol]]s seized the area in 1239 and it became a possession of [[Genoa]], along with [[Gazaria (Genoese colonies)|Gazaria]] in [[Crimea]], in 1419.

[[File:Taman mud volcanoes.JPG|thumb|250px|A typical [[mud volcano]] near the village of [[Taman, Russia|Taman]]]]

For most of the 15th century the [[Guizolfi]] (Ghisolfi) family, founded by the Genoese Jew Simeone de Guizolfi, ruled the peninsula on behalf of Gazaria. The rulership of the region by Jewish [[consul]]s, commissioners or princes has sparked much debate over the extent to which Khazar Judaism survived in southern Russia during this period. The [[Khanate of Crimea]] seized the Taman Peninsula in 1483. Either {{citation needed|date=October 2015}} It fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1783. In 1791, during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]], it passed into the control of the [[Russian Empire]]. Russia ceded it back to the Ottomans in 1792. It finally passed to Russia in 1828.} or { <ref>Tsutsiev, Atalas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus,2004</ref> It was a Turkish Sanjak under the Eyalet of Kaffa and passed to Russia in 1784}.

For much of the succeeding century, the area was sparsely populated. The largest settlement was the [[Cossacks|Cossack]] town (later a ''[[stanitsa]]'') of [[Taman, Russia|Taman]], succeeded by the port town of [[Temryuk]] in modern times. [[Mikhail Lermontov]] describes the town of Taman (disparagingly) in his novel, ''[[A Hero of Our Time]]''. The peninsula contains small [[mud volcano]]es and deposits of [[natural gas]] and [[petroleum]].

The German [[Wehrmacht]] and the [[Romanian Land Forces|Romanian Army]] occupied the Taman Peninsula in 1942; the Soviet [[Red Army]] recovered it in 1943.<ref>Robert Forczyk, ''The Caucasus 1942–43: Kleist’s race for oil''</ref> The story of the motion picture ''[[Cross of Iron]]'' revolves around conflicts that arise within the leadership of a Wehrmacht regiment during the German retreat from the Kuban bridgehead.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Taman Peninsula| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Russia]]
[[Category:Landforms of Krasnodar Krai]]
[[Category:Khazars]]
[[Category:Bosporan Kingdom]]

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