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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = TIR Convention
| long_name = Convention on International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets
| image = Image:TIR_Map.png
| image_alt = 图色拼图
| caption = {{legend|#007f00|Contracting Parties to the TIR Convention 1975, in which TIR operations can be established}}{{legend|#00ff00|Other Contracting Parties to the Convention<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/tir/system/tir-system-countries.html|accessdate=8 Mar 2017|publisher=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe|title=TIR System Countries}}</ref>}}
| type =
| context =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = 14 November 1975
| location_signed = Geneva
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = 20 March 1978
| condition_effective = 5 ratifications
| signatories = 17
| parties = 70(india to be 71st)
| depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]
| languages = English, French and Russian
| wikisource =
| footnotes =
| image_width = 250 px
}}
[[Image:Tir Plate.svg|thumb|TIR plate]]
[[File:Hungary Fortepan 99434.jpg|thumb|Bulgarian TIR truck in Hungary, 1978]]
[[File:Volvo FH semi-trailer Dsc0032nl.jpg|thumb|Modern TIR truck]]
The '''Convention on International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets''' ('''TIR Convention''') is a multilateral treaty that was concluded at [[Geneva]] on 14 November 1975 to simplify and harmonise the administrative formalities of international [[road transport]]. (TIR stands for "Transports Internationaux Routiers" or "International Road Transports".) The 1975 convention replaced the TIR Convention of 1959, which itself replaced the 1949 TIR Agreement between a number of European countries.<ref>[http://www.unece.org/tir/system/history/tir-history.html UNECE: History of the TIR system]</ref> The conventions were adopted under the auspices of the [http://www.unece.org/info/ece-homepage.html United Nations Economic Commission for Europe] (UNECE). As of January 2017, there are 70 parties to the Convention, including 69 states and the [[European Union]].

The TIR Convention establishes an international customs transit system with maximum facility to move goods:
* in sealed vehicles or [[Intermodal container|containers]];
* from a customs office of departure in one country to a customs office of destination in another country;
* without requiring extensive and time-consuming border checks at intermediate borders;
* while, at the same time, providing customs authorities with the required security and guarantees.

The TIR system not only covers customs transit by road but a combination is possible with other [[modes of transport]] (e.g., rail, inland waterway, and even [[maritime transport]]), as long as at least one part of the total transport is made by road.

To date, more than 33,000 international transport operators had been authorised (by their respective competent national authorities) to access the TIR system, using around 1.5 million TIR [[ATA Carnet|carnet]]s per year.

In light of the expected increase in world trade, further enlargement of its geographical scope and the forthcoming introduction of an electronic TIR system (so-called "eTIR-system"), it is expected that the TIR system will continue to remain the only truly global customs transit system.

Due to the large blue-and-white TIR plates carried by vehicles using the TIR convention, the word "TIR" entered many languages, such as Turkish,<ref>[http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&kelime=TIR TIR in Turkish language]</ref> Polish<ref>[http://sjp.pwn.pl/slowniki/tir.html TIR in Polish language]</ref> and Portuguese<ref>[https://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/tir TIR in Portuguese language]</ref> as a [[neologism]], becoming the default generic name of a large truck.

== TIR procedures ==
Truckers making use of the TIR procedure must first obtain an internationally harmonised customs document, referred to as a TIR carnet. TIR carnets are issued by national road transport associations. This customs document is valid internationally and as well as describing the goods, their shipper and their destination, represents a financial guarantee. When a truck arrives at a border customs post it need not pay import duties and taxes on goods at that time. Instead the payments are suspended. If the vehicle transits the country without delivering any goods, no taxes are due. If it fails to leave the country with all the goods, then the taxes are billed to the importer and the financial guarantee backstops the importer's obligation to pay the taxes. TIR transits are carried out in bond, i.e. the lorry must be sealed as well as bearing the carnet. The security payment system is administered by the [[International Road Transport Union]] (IRU).<ref>{{cite web|title=Carnet TIR - TIR Procedure|publisher=Swiss Customs Administration|url=http://www.ezv.admin.ch/zollinfo_firmen/04203/04310/04333/index.html?lang=en|accessdate=23 Jul 2014}}</ref>

The TIR procedure is mostly used with Eastern European countries that are not in the EU (e.g. Russia and Ukraine), Turkey, and parts of the Near East. Since the formation of the [[European single market]], the TIR procedure has become unnecessary for intra-EU goods transport.

==Expansion==
On 6 March 2017, India's Union Cabinet approved the signing of the TIR Convention. India will become the 71st signatory of the convention.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sood|first1=Jyotika|title=India clears the decks for multi-modal transnational connectivity play|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rveanjGrWWuFfjfnbMw3qN/India-clears-the-decks-for-multimodal-transnational-connect.html|website=Mint|accessdate=20 March 2017|date=7 March 2017}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[CMR Convention]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-A-16&chapter=11&clang=_en Signatories and ratifications].
* [http://www.unece.org/tir/welcome.html TIR]

[[Category:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe treaties]]
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[[sk:Colný dohovor o medzinárodnej preprave tovaru na poklade karnetov TIR]]

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