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‎Conversion to Islam: typo

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'''Hazrat Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan Ghazi''' (حضرت سلطان ستوق بغرا خان غازي)<ref name="Shaw1878">{{cite book|author=Robert Shaw|title=A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dw7gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1878|pages=119–}}</ref> ({{lang-ug|سۇلتان سۇتۇق بۇغراخان|}} (also spelled '''Satuk'''; died 955<ref>https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200106/kashgar-china.s.western.doorway.htm</ref>) was a [[Kara-Khanid dynasty|Kara-Khanid]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]]; in 934, he was one of the first [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] rulers to convert to [[Islam]],<ref>[[András Róna-Tas]], ''Hungarians & Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian'', (Central European University Press, 1999), 256.</ref> which prompted his Kara-Khanid subjects to convert.<ref>Svat Soucek, ''A History of Inner Asia'', (Cambridge University Press, 2002), 84.</ref>

There are different historical accounts of the Satuq's life with some variations. Sources include ''Mulhaqāt al-Surāh'' (Supplement to the "Surah") by Jamal Qarshi (b. 1230/31) who quoted an earlier 11th-century text ''Tarikh-i Kashghar'' (History of Kashgar) by Abū-al-Futūh 'Abd al-Ghāfir ibn al-Husayn al-Alma'i, an account by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] historian known as the Munajjimbashi, as well as a fragment of a manuscript in [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], ''Tazkirah Bughra Khan'' (Memory of Bughra Khan).

==Origin==
Satuq was said to have come from [[Artux|Artush]], identified in the 10th century book ''[[Hudud al-'alam]]'' (The Limits of the World) as a "populous village of the [[Yagma|Yaghma]]", the Yaghma being one of the Turkish tribes that formed the Karakhanids.<ref name="karakahnids"/>

==Conversion to Islam==
[[File:Sutuq Bughraxan Qebrisi.JPG|thumb|Tomb of Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan, the first Muslim khan, in [[Artush]], [[Xinjiang]]]]
According to an account by Munajjimbashi, based on a tradition ultimately stemming from a Karakhanid emissary in 1105 to the [[Abbasid]] court, he was the first of the khans to convert to Islam under the influence of a [[faqīh]] from Bukhara.<ref name="karakahnids">{{citation|last = Golden|first = Peter. B.|contribution = The Karakhanids and Early Islam|year = 1990|title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|editor-last = Sinor|editor-first = Denis|pages = 357 |publisher = Cambridge University Press|isbn = 0 521 24304 1}}</ref> According to ''Tazkirah Bughra Khan'', Satuq converted to Islam when he was twelve.<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Shaw |title=A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Kashghar and Tarkand) |url=https://archive.org/stream/asketchturkilan01shawgoog#page/n100/mode/2up |year=1878 }}</ref> He was taught about Islam by Abu-an-Nasr from Bukhara. Nasr befriended the King of [[Kashgar]], Satuq's father (or step-father, or uncle, varies according to different accounts), and was granted special dispensation to build a mosque in the town of Artush just outside Kashgar. Here Satuq would often come to watch the caravans arrive.<ref name="anthology">{{cite book |author=Scott Cameron Levi, Ron Sela |title=Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources |chapter=Chapter 12 - Jamal Qarshi: The Conversion to Islam of Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan |pages=73–76 |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-35385-6 }}</ref> When Satuq saw Nasr and other Muslims observing their daily prayers he became curious and was instructed by them in the Islamic religion.

Satuq kept his faith secret from the king, but convinced his friends to convert. However, when the king heard that Satuq had become a [[Muslim]], he demanded that Satuq build a temple to show that he hadn't converted. Nasr advised Satuq that he should pretend to build a temple but with the intention of building a mosque in his heart.<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Shaw |title=A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Kashghar and Tarkand) |url=https://archive.org/stream/asketchturkilan01shawgoog#page/n104/mode/2up |year=1878 |quote=The Holy Kh'ajah said : "Oh child! In order to preserve themselves many people have held it lawful to do forbidden acts. If in laying out the wall you lay it out with the (mental) purpose, saying (I intend this as) a mosque, certainly in the presence of God you will obtain merit, (and) you will be delivered from the evil designs of the infidels. Be not over-much afflicted."}}</ref> The king, after seeing Satuq starting to build the temple, then stopped him, believing that he had not converted. Afterwards, Satuq obtained a [[fatwa]] which permitted him in effect to commit patricide, and killed his father, after which he conquered Kashgar.<ref name="karakahnids"/>

==Religious wars==
Satuq was variously stated as twelve and a half or twenty-five when he became khan,<ref name="anthology"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Shaw |title=A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Kashghar and Tarkand) |url=https://archive.org/stream/asketchturkilan01shawgoog#page/n106/mode/2up |year=1878|quote=The Holy Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan, at the age of twelve and a half, became occupied in wars of religion. During the summer he made war on the infidels. In winter-time he performed the service and worship of God the Exalted. }}</ref> and he began to wage religious war against non-Muslims. According to ''Tazkirah Bughra Khan'', "as far as the [[Amu Darya|River Amu]] that is before [[Balkh]] on this side towards sun-rising as far as the place called "Karak" on the north as far as the place called "Qarà-qurdum" (the said) Sultan, having converted the infidels to Islam by his sword, established the laws and religion of the Holy
Muhammad, the Messenger of God, and gave them currency."<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Shaw |title=A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Kashghar and Tarkand) |url=https://archive.org/stream/asketchturkilan01shawgoog#page/n104/mode/2up |pages=95–96 |year=1878 }}</ref>

==Death==

Satuq Boghra Khan died in 955 according to Jamal Qarshi, and was buried in a mausoleum that can still be visited in Artush today. He was said to have four sons and three daughters.

==Legacy==
In an article published in the 19th edition of the [[Turkistan Islamic Party]]'s magazine "Islamic Turkistan", the Syrian [[Ahrar ash-Sham]] member [[Abdurazak al Mahdi]] praised Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan's conversion to Islam and [[Qutayba ibn Muslim|Qutayba bin Muslim]]'s conquest.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=|first=|date= April 2016|title=ساندوا الشعب التركستاني|url=https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/turkistacc84n-al-islacc84micc84yyah-magazine-19.pdf|magazine=تركستان الإسلامية|location=|publisher=|issue=العدد 19|page=31|access-date=|author=عبد الرزاق المهدي الدمشقي}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of converts to Islam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satuq Bughra Khan}}
[[Category:955 deaths]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Turkic rulers]]
[[Category:10th-century Turkic people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

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71.85.18.82: /* Conversion to Islam */ typo