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{{Expand Russian|Всесоюзный референдум о сохранении СССР|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox referendum
| name = Soviet Union referendum, 1991
| image = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
| image_size = 100px
| title = Do you consider necessary the preservation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?
| yes = 113512812
| no = 32303977
| total = 148574606
| electorate = 185647355
| date = 17 March 1991
| map = Soviet Union referendum, 1991 results.svg
| mapdivision = republic
| notes = Referendum held: 17 March 1991
}}
[[File:Soviet Union referendum, 1991.jpg|thumb|300px|Voting bulletin]]
A '''referendum on the future of the Soviet Union''' was held on 17 March 1991. The question put to voters was

<blockquote>Do you consider necessary the preservation of the [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] as a [[Union of Sovereign States|renewed federation]] of equal sovereign republics in which the [[Human rights|rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality]] will be fully guaranteed?<ref name=N1>[[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p492 ISBN 0-19-924958-X</ref> </blockquote>

In [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]], the wording of the referendum was changed by substituting "equal sovereign states" for "equal sovereign republics".<ref name=A/>

Although the vote was boycotted by the authorities in [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenia]], [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonia]], [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgia]] (though not the breakaway province of [[Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Abkhazia]], where [[Abkhazian New Union Treaty referendum, 1991|the result]] was over 98% in favour,<ref>Duffy-Toft, M (2003) [https://books.google.com/books?id=uYCkoxzQmU4C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=soviet+union+referendum+1991&source=bl&ots=eIIu6M7v_-&sig=Bp_ZrhvKQrb4D9jHr7LD4k5lE8Q&hl=en&ei=mU7oSffXFsOhjAef5r33Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#PPA98,M1 The geography of ethnic violence: identity, interests, and the indivisibility of territory] p98</ref> and in [[South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast|South Ossetia]]),<ref name="anticompromat">{{ru icon}} [http://www.anticompromat.ru/raznoe/osetia_hron.html Chronicle of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (1988-2008)]</ref> [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvia]], [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuania]], and [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldova]] (though not [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Transnistria]] or [[Gagauzia]]),<ref>[http://www.fischka.com/e_history.html Historical Overview of the PMR (Transnistria, Transdniestr, Transdnestr, Pridnestrovie)]</ref> turnout was 80% across the rest of the Soviet Union.<ref name=A>[http://www.answers.com/topic/referendum-of-march-1991 Referendum of March 1991] Russian History Encyclopedia on Answers.com</ref> The referendum's question was approved by nearly 70% of voters in all nine other republics that took part.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wgtCaPUPIlwC&pg=PA353&dq=Soviet+Union+referendum+70%25&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=8R05UcGtMYjHPIKMgLgF&ved=0CC4Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Soviet%20Union%20referendum%2070%25&f=false Understanding the Cold War: A Historian's Personal Reflections] by [[Adam Bruno Ulam]], [[Leopolis Press]], 2000, ISBN 0-9679960-0-7 (page 353)</ref> It was the only referendum in the history of the Soviet Union, which was [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolved]] on 26 December 1991.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EMgOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Soviet+Union,+which+was+dissolved+on+26+December+1991&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=NR85UY6NC8mROPiRgLgO&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Soviet%20Union%2C%20which%20was%20dissolved%20on%2026%20December%201991&f=false Russia and the World Economy: Problems of Integration] by [[Alan H. Smith]], [[Routledge]], 1993, ISBN 0-415-08925-5 (page 1)</ref><ref>[http://www.en.rian.ru/infographics/20110313/162959645.html Referendum on the preservation of the USSR], [[RIA Novosti]] (2011)</ref>

==Overview==
On December 24, 1990, deputies of the 4th [[Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union|Congress of People's Deputies]], having voted by name, decided to consider it necessary to preserve the USSR as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics, which will be fully ensured human rights and freedoms of any nationality.<ref>Постановление СНД СССР от 24 декабря 1990 года № 1853-1 «О сохранении Союза ССР как обновлённой федерации равноправных суверенных республик» // Ведомости СНД и ВС СССР. — 1990. — № 52. — ст. 1158.</ref> The referendum considered five questions:

*Do you consider it necessary to preserve the USSR as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics, which will be fully ensured human rights and freedoms of any nationality? (Yes/No)
*Do you consider it necessary to preserve the USSR as a single state? (Yes/No)
*Do you consider it necessary to preserve the socialist system in the USSR? (Yes/No)
*Do you consider it necessary to preserve in the renovated Union of Soviet power? (Yes/No)
*Do you feel the need to safeguard the Union in the renewed human rights and freedoms of any nationality? (Yes/No) (Any legal or legislative consequences, in case of acceptance of, or otherwise, was not specified)

On the same day, at the initiative and insistence of the [[President of the Soviet Union|President]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]],<ref name="lubarev">''Любарев А. Е.'' [http://lyubarev.narod.ru/elect/book/soderzh.html Выборы в Москве: опыт двенадцати лет. 1989—2000]. — М.: Стольный град, 2001. — 412 с. — ISBN 5-89910-019-2.</ref><ref>Съездом было принято два постановления о проведении референдумов по вопросу о частной собственности на землю</ref> the Congress adopted two decisions on holding a referendum on the private ownership of land [6] and on the preservation of the Union as a renewed federation of equal sovereign of Soviet Socialist Republics [7]. For the adoption of the first resolution voted in 1553 deputies, against - 84, abstained - 70. For the adoption of the second resolution voted in 1677 deputies, against - 32, abstained - 66.<ref name="lubarev" />

However, concerning the first decision the Chairman YH Kalmykov later explained at a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Supreme Council Committee for Legislation, the president asked to refrain from holding a referendum on the issue of private property.<ref name="lubarev" />

Second course was given to the decree. It said that "due to numerous appeals of workers expressed concern about the fate of the USSR, and given that the preservation of a single union state is the most important issue of public life, affects the interests of each person, all the Soviet Union's population",<ref name="post1856">Постановление СНД СССР от 24 декабря 1990 года № 1856-1 «О проведении референдума СССР по вопросу о Союзе Советских Социалистических Республик» // Ведомости СНД и ВС СССР. — 1990. — № 52. — ст. 1161.</ref> the Congress of People's Deputies USSR decided:

1. Conduct a referendum of the USSR to address the issue of maintaining the Union as a renewed federation of equal sovereign Soviet Socialist Republics, taking into account the results of voting for each country separately. 
2. To instruct the USSR Supreme Council set a date for the referendum and ensure its measures. 
— Resolution of the USSR from LICs December 24, 1990 № 1856-1<ref name="post1856" />

On 27 December 1990, Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR decided to enact it adopted on the day the Law of the USSR "On the popular vote (Soviet Union referendum)".<ref name="post1856" />

According to Art. 5 of the Law of the USSR "On the popular vote (Soviet Union referendum)" <ref name="zakon90">Закон СССР от 27 декабря 1990 года № 1869-1 «О всенародном голосовании (референдуме СССР)» // Ведомости СНД и ВС СССР. — 1991. — № 1. — ст. 10.</ref> Law of the USSR referendum destination belonged to the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, and on matters not related to the exclusive jurisdiction of the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, in the period between congresses – the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
"Based on the fact that no one, except the people can not take the historical responsibility for the fate of the USSR, pursuant to the decision of the fourth Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in accordance with the law on the referendum of the USSR"<ref name="post1910">Постановление ВС СССР от 16 января 1991 года № 1910-1 «Об организации и мерах по обеспечению проведения референдума СССР по вопросу о сохранении Союза Советских Социалистических Республик» // Ведомости СНД и ВС СССР. 1991. — № 4. — ст. 87.</ref> On January 16, 1991 the Supreme Council USSR decided that to:

{{quote|1. Carry out the entire territory of the Soviet Union on Sunday, 17 March 1991, for the Soviet Union referendum on the preservation of the Soviet Union as a federation of equal republics.
2. Turn on the ballot for secret voting the following wording of the question put to referendum, and the answers of voting:
"Do you consider it necessary to preserve the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics, which will fully guarantee the rights and freedoms of all nationalities."
"Yes or no".
3. To determine the results of voting by the Union Soviet Socialist Republic as a whole, taking into account the results of voting for each country separately.|title=Resolution of the USSR Supreme Soviet of 16 January 1991 № 1910-1}}

==Results==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|For||113,512,812||77.8
|-
|align=left|Against||32,303,977||22.2
|-
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes||2,757,817||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''148,574,606'''||'''100'''
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||185,647,355||80.0
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Source: Nohlen & Stöver<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1647 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7</ref>
|}

===In participating republics===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!rowspan=2 style="width:500px"|Republic
!colspan=2|For
!colspan=2|Against
!rowspan=2|Invalid votes
!rowspan=2|Total votes
!rowspan=2|Registered voters
!rowspan=2|Turnout
|-
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR.svg}} '''[[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]'''||56,860,783||style="background:lightgreen;"|73.00||21,030,753||27.00||1,809,633||79,701,169||105,643,364||75.44
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bashkir ASSR.svg}} [[Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Bashkorstan]]||1,908,875||style="background:lightgreen;"|85.9||269,007||12.1||43,276||2,221,158||2,719,637||81.7
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Buryat ASSR 1978.svg}} [[Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Buryatia]]||447,438||style="background:lightgreen;"|83.5||78,167||14.6||10,197||535,802||668,231||80.2
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Dagestan ASSR.svg}} [[Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Dagestan]]||670,488||style="background:lightgreen;"|82.6||131,522||16.2||9,999||812,009||1,008,626||80.5
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kabarda-Balkaria ASSR 1978.svg}} [[Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Kabardino-Balkaria]]||290,380||style="background:lightgreen;"|77.9||77,339||20.8||4,888||372,607||489,436||76.1
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kalmyk ASSR.svg}} [[Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Kalmykia]]||148,462||style="background:lightgreen;"|87.8||17,833||10.5||2,829||169,124||204,301||82.8
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg}} [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Karelia]]||317,854||style="background:lightgreen;"|76.0||92,703||22.0||7,544||418,101||551,644||75.8
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Komi ASSR.svg}} [[Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Komi]]||412,842||style="background:lightgreen;"|76.0||119,678||22.0||10,883||543,403||797,049||75.44
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg}} [[Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Mari]]||333,319||style="background:lightgreen;"|79.6||77,239||18.5||8,041||418,599||525,685||79.6
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Mordva ASSR.svg}} [[Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Mordovia]]||459,021||style="background:lightgreen;"|80.3||101,886||17.8||10,724||571,631||677,706||84.3
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of North Ossetian ASSR.svg}} [[North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|North Ossetia]]||331,823||style="background:lightgreen;"|90.2||32,786||8.9||3,249||367,858||428,307||85.9
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg}} [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatarstan]]||1,708,193||style="background:lightgreen;"|87.5||211,516||10.8||32,059||1,951,768||2,532,383||77.1
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg}} [[Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tuva]]||126,598||style="background:lightgreen;"|91.4||9,404||6.8||2,494||138,496||171,731||80.6
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg}} [[Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Udmurtia]]||622,714||style="background:lightgreen;"|76.0||180,289||22.0||16,137||819,140||1,103,083||74.3
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Chechen-Ingush ASSR 1978.svg}} [[Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Chechen–Ingush]]||318,059||style="background:lightgreen;"|75.9||94,737||22.6||6,216||419,012||712,139||58.8
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Chuvash ASSR.svg}} [[Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Chuvashia]]||616,387||style="background:lightgreen;"|82.4||113,249||15.1||18,784||748,420||900,913||81.3
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Yakut ASSR 1978.svg}} [[Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Yakutia]]||415,712||style="background:lightgreen;"|76.7||116,798||21.6||9,483||541,993||688,679||78.7
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan.svg}} '''[[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]]'''||2,709,246||style="background:lightgreen;"|94.12||169,225||5.88||25,326||2,903,797||3,866,659||75.10
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Nahichevan ASSR.svg}} [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Nakhchivan]]||31,328||style="background:lightgreen;"|87.3||3,620||10.1||918||35,866||174,364||20.6
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Byelorussian SSR.svg}} '''[[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussia]]'''||5,069,313||style="background:lightgreen;"|83.72||986,079||16.28||71,591||6,126,983||7,354,796||83.31
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kazakh SSR.svg}} '''[[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]]'''||8,295,519||style="background:lightgreen;"|95.00||436,560||5.00||84,464||8,816,543||9,999,433||88.17
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg}} '''[[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kirghizia]]'''||2,057,971||style="background:lightgreen;"|95.98||86,246||4.02||30,377||2,174,593||2,341,646||92.87
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Tajik SSR.svg}} '''[[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajikistan]]'''||2,315,755||style="background:lightgreen;"|96.85||75,300||3.15||16,497||2,407,552||2,549,096||94.45
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Turkmen SSR.svg}} '''[[Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkmenia]]'''||1,766,584||style="background:lightgreen;"|98.26||31,203||1.74||6,531||1,804,310||1,846,310||97.66
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ukrainian SSR.svg}} '''[[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]]'''||22,110,899||style="background:lightgreen;"|71.48||8,820,089||28.52||583,256||31,514,244||37,732,178||83.52
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Uzbek SSR.svg}} '''[[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbekistan]]'''||9,196,848||style="background:lightgreen;"|94.73||511,373||5.27||108,112||9,816,333||10,287,938||95.42
|-
|align=left|{{Flagicon image|Bandera de la RASS de Karakalpakia 1952.svg}} [[Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Karakalpakstan]]||563,916||style="background:lightgreen;"|97.6||10,133||1.8||3,668||577,717||584,208||98.9
|-
|align=left colspan=10|Source: [http://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=su011991 Direct Democracy]
|}

A boycott campaign reduced the ''Against'' votes in [[Western Ukraine]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=F_QMCypjpXwC&pg=PA128&dq=six+candidates+in+favour+of+a+%22Yes%22+Ukrainian+independence&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=vqUWUcP4K--q0AXbhIGADQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=six%20candidates%20in%20favour%20of%20a%20%22Yes%22%20Ukrainian%20independence&f=false Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith] by [[Andrew Wilson (historian)|Andrew Wilson]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 1996, ISBN 0-521-57457-9 (page 127)</ref>

=== In republics not participating in the Soviet referendums ===

An official referendum had been held in Estonia on 3 March 1991 on whether to re-establish the Estonian republic that had been occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. The result was 77.8% in favour of re-establishing the Estonian republic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riigikogu.ee/index.php?id=34582 |title=Chronology |date=6 September 2012 |language= }}</ref> Latvia also held an official referendum on 3 March 1991, when the overwhelming majority voted to re-establish the independent Latvian republic.

Consequently, in these republics pro-Soviet front-organisations organised voluntary referendums without official sanction.<ref>Об итогах референдума СССР, состоявшегося 17 марта 1991 года (Из сообщения Центральной комиссии референдума СССР) // Известия. — 1991. — 27 марта.</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.vremyababurin.narod.ru/Num5_2001/N5_2001.html Воля, которую мы потеряли... "Время" № 5. 16 марта 2001 года]</ref> Turnout of voting here was considerably less than 50% of the franchised voters of these countries, but this information was not included in the official statement of the Central Commission of the Referendum of USSR.<ref>{{ru icon}}[http://new.hse.ru/sites/tp/isakov/1990-1996dn/71/1/Сообщение%20об%20итогах%20референдума%20СССР%2017%20марта%201991%20года.htm Сообщение Центральной комиссии референдума СССР об итогах референдума СССР, состоявшегося 17 марта 1991 года] // Правда. — 1991. — 27 марта.</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!rowspan=2 style="width:500px"|Republic
!colspan=2|For
!colspan=2|Against
!rowspan=2|Invalid votes
!rowspan=2|Total votes
!rowspan=2|Registered voters (not equal to franchised voters)
!rowspan=2|Turnout (based on registered, not franchised voters)
|-
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} '''[[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenia]]'''||2,541||style="background:lightgreen;"|72.46||966||27.54||42||3,549||4,923||72.09
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg}} '''[[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgia]]'''{{efn|Referendum was held only in Abkhazia and South Ossetia}}||43,950||style="background:lightgreen;"|99.98||9||0.02||53||44,012||45,696||96.31
|-
|align=center style="background-color:white"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Abkhazian ASSR.svg}} [[Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Abkhazia]]||164,231||style="background:lightgreen;"|98.5||1,566||0.9||747||166,544||318,317||52.3
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} '''[[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonia]]'''||211,090||style="background:lightgreen;"|95.46||10,040||4.54||1,110||222,240||299,681||74.16
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Latvia.svg}} '''[[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvia]]'''||415,147||style="background:lightgreen;"|95.84||18,015||4.16||3,621||436,783||670,828||65.11
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Lithuania (1988-2004).svg}} '''[[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuania]]'''||496,050||style="background:lightgreen;"|99.13||4,355||0.87||970||436,783||582,262||86.11
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#EEEEFF"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Moldova.svg}} '''[[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldova]]'''||688,905||style="background:lightgreen;"|98.72||8,916||1.28||3,072||700,893||841,507||83.29
|-
|align=left colspan=9|Source: [http://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=su011991 Direct Democracy]
|}

==Additional questions==
In several of the republics, additional questions were added to the ballot. In Russia, an additional [[Russian presidential referendum, 1991|question was asked]] on whether an [[Direct elections|elective]] post of the [[President of Russia|president of the Russian SFSR]] should be created. In Kirghizia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan the additional question was on the sovereignty of their republics as part of a new union.<ref name=A/>

===Kirghizia===
In [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kirghizia]], voters were also asked "Do you agree that the Republic of Kirghizistan should be in the renewed Union as a sovereign republic with equal rights?" It was approved by 62.2% of voters, although turnout was only 81.7%, compared to 92.9% in the Union-wide referendum.<ref>Nohlen et al., p443</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|For|| ||62.2
|-
|align=left|Against|| ||37.8
|-
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes|| ||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||''' '''||'''100'''
|-
|colspan=3 align=left|Source: Nohlen ''et al.''
|}

===Ukraine===
{{Main article|Ukrainian sovereignty referendum, 1991}}
In the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]], voters were also asked "Do you agree that Ukraine should be part of a Union of Soviet sovereign states on the basis on the [[Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine]]?"<ref name=N2>Nohlen & Stöver, p1985</ref> The proposal was approved by 81.7% of voters.<ref name=N2/>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|For||25,224,687||81.7
|-
|align=left|Against||5,655,701||18.3
|-
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes||584,703||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''31,465,091'''||'''100'''
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||37,689,767||83.5
|-
|colspan=3 align=left|Source: Nohlen & Stöver
|}

At the same day a referendum in the [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]]n [[Oblasts of Ukraine|provinces]] [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast|Ivano-Frankivsk]], [[Lviv Oblast|Lviv]], and [[Ternopil Oblast|Ternopil]] asked the three regions of the USSR about the creation of independent state of Ukraine.<ref>[https://books.google.con/books?id=Y06eqVKtfQgC&pg=PA134&dq=Referendum+of+Galicia+1991&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK57jf1cbLAhXDcg8KHTv3AqAQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=Referendum%20of%20Galicia%201991&f=false Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union] by [[Edward W. Walker]], [[Rowman & Littlefield]], 2003, ISBN 0742524523 (134)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zo9t6NS-YCwC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Ivano-Frankivsk,+Lviv,+and+Ternopil+march+1991&source=bl&ots=JB5dG4uq0c&sig=6Fsz3xPYJV8JYGAPoVg5oc2G-x4&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi33MOY3MbLAhVDRg8KHXh0D3sQ6AEIIDAC#v=onepage&q=Ivano-Frankivsk%2C%20Lviv%2C%20and%20Ternopil%20march%201991&f=false The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv] by [[William Jay Risch]], [[Harvard University Press]], 2011, ISBN 0674050010, (page 4)</ref> 88% of the voters in this referendum supported Ukraine's independence.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=71YxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=Referendum+of+Galicia+1991&source=bl&ots=x3s4X3uLps&sig=dMAgZL8XdgWzAc6MHeelj5F50tE&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA0ubH18bLAhXBew8KHZlMDx8Q6AEIIjAC#v=onepage&q=Referendum%20of%20Galicia%201991&f=false Cleft Countries: Regional Political Divisions and Cultures in Post-Soviet Ukraine and Moldova (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 33)] by [[Ivan Katchanovski]], 2006, ISBN 389821558X (page 40)</ref>

===Uzbekistan===
In [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbekistan]], voters were also asked "Do you agree that Uzbekistan should remain part of a renewed Union (federation) as a sovereign republic with equal rights?" It was approved by 94.9% of voters, with a turnout of 95.5%.<ref name="N1"/>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|For|| ||94.9
|-
|align=left|Against|| ||5.1
|-
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes|| ||1.1
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''9,824,304'''||'''100'''
|-
|colspan=3 align=left|Source: Nohlen ''et al.''
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Soviet Union|Politics}}
*[[Union of Sovereign States]]
*[[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Wikiquote-inline|Soviet Union}}

{{Soviet elections}}
{{Azerbaijani elections}}
{{Kyrgyzstani elections}}
{{Ukrainian elections}}
{{Uzbekistani elections}}
{{1991 Independence of Ukraine}}

[[Category:1991 referendums]]
[[Category:1991 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Referendums in Armenia]]
[[Category:Referendums in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Referendums in Belarus]]
[[Category:Referendums in Estonia]]
[[Category:Referendums in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Referendums in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Referendums in Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Referendums in Latvia]]
[[Category:Referendums in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Referendums in Moldova]]
[[Category:Referendums in Russia]]
[[Category:Referendums in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Referendums in Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Referendums in Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Referendums in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Referendums in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Perestroika]]
[[Category:1991 elections in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Sovereignty referendums]]
[[Category:March 1991 events]]

Soviet Union referendum, 1991 - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

UsmanAga at 09:37, 3 April 2017

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