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Migrate {{Infobox ancient site}} coordinates parameters to {{Coord}}, see Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes

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{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Saray-Jük
|native_name =
|alternate_name =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = Kazakhstan
|map_alt =
|map_size= 270
|coordinates = {{coord|47|30|0|N|51|44|0|E|display=inline,title}}
|location =[[Sarayshyq]]
|region =[[Atyrau Region]], Kazakhstan
|type = City
|part_of =
|length =
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|material =
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|abandoned =
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|cultures =
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|condition = Ruined
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}}
'''Saray-Jük''' (Сарай-Жүк) / '''Sarai-Dzhuk''' (Сарай-Джук) or '''Kishi Saray''' (Кіші Сарай) in the [[Kazakh language]], '''Saraychyq''' (Сарайчык) in [[Tatar language|modern Tatar]], and '''Saray Maly''' ({{lang-ru|Сара́й Ма́лый}})<ref>also known in [[Russian language|Russian]] as ''Tsarskiye Uchugi'' (Ца́рские Учу́ги), meaning [[Tsar]]'s Fishing [[Weir]]</ref> literally "Little Sarai", to distinguish it from [[Sarai (city)|Old Sarai]], was a medieval city on the border between Europe and Asia. It was located 50 km north [[Atyrau]] on the lower [[Ural River]], near the modern village of [[Sarayshyq]], [[Atyrau Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]. The city lay on an important [[trade route]] between Europe and China and flourished between the 10th and 16th centuries.

==History==
Until recently it was believed that Saray-Jük was founded by [[Batu Khan]] who was one of king of Mongol Empire, but archeological excavations have revealed that the city was founded as early as the 10th or 11th century. In the 13th century Saray-Jük became an important trade center and was one of the biggest cities of the [[Golden Horde]] (Golden Palace). The ruins of the suburb Aqtöbe, located near [[Atyrau]] were preserved until the 20th century. The city had a ceramic water-pipe and both metallurgy and pottery were also developed. Neighboring populations were agriculturist or fishermen.

The Moroccan traveller, [[Ibn Battuta]], passed though the town in around 1333 on his way from [[Sarai (city)#New Sarai|New Sarai]] to [[Delhi]]. At the time the river was spanned by a bridge of boats. While in the town Ibn Battuta sold his horses and purchased camels to draw his wagons on the next stage of his journey to [[Konye-Urgench]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Gibb | first = H.A.R. trans. and ed. | year = 1971 | title = The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volume 3) | place = London | publisher = Hakluyt Society | page=539 }}</ref> Neighborhoods of the city were a popular resort among the [[Golden Horde]]'s nobility.

After the disintegration of the Golden Horde in the 14th century the city fell into decay: in 1395 it was ruined by [[Timur]], but it was rebuilt in the 1430s-1440s. It remained the main city of the [[Nogai Horde]]. The Kazakh khan also had headquarters there later. In 1580 or 1581 <ref>Bregel, Historical Atlas of Central Asia, Map 27 has 1581 and a previous raid in 1573. The Russian wiki has 1580 or 1581.</ref> it was ruined by "thief Cossacks"—that is, [[Cossacks]] uncontrolled by the [[Tsarist Russia|Russian government]].

==Ruins==
The remains of buildings, workshops and others are situated at the bank of [[Ural River]], which is washing away the ruins. In 1999 a memorial complex was established on the site by Kazakhstani authorities.

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{TES|Sarayçıq/Сарайчык}}

==External links==
*{{cite web | title=The ancient settlement Sarayshyk could disappear from the face of the earth in the coming years | url=http://e-history.kz/en/publications/view/403 | publisher=History of Kazakhstan Project, Astana, Kazakhstan | date=19 December 2013 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saray-Juk}}
[[Category:Populated places in Atyrau Region]]
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Golden Horde]]

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