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{{Infobox person
| name = Rashid Nugmanov
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|03|19}}
| birth_place = [[Alma Ata]], [[Kazakhstan]]
| othername = Rachid Nougmanov
| occupation = [[Film director]], [[political activist]]
| yearsactive = 1987-2010
}}
'''Rashid Nugmanov''' (also written '''Rachid Nougmanov'''; {{lang-ru|Рашид Мусаевич Нугманов}}; born March 19, 1954 in [[Alma Ata]], [[Kazakhstan]]) is a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[film director]], [[dissent|dissident]], [[political activist]]<ref name="drucker">Druker, Jeremy, (2003-11-17) "Creative Editing and Other Obstacles for the Kazakh Opposition", ''Transitions Online''. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.</ref> and founder of the [[Kazakh New Wave]] cinema movement.<ref>[http://ifn.org.uk/user.php?op=userinfo&uname=Rachid%20Nougmanov Profile of Rachid Nugmanov] at the International Freedom Network.</ref>

== Film career ==

After graduating in 1977 from the Architectural Institute in [[Almaty]], Nugmanov enrolled at the prestigious [[VGIK|Moscow State Film Institute]] (VGIK), the world's first institute of [[cinematography]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brashinsky |first=Michael |year=2000 |title=Igla |journal=International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19127240 |accessdate= 2007-11-26}}</ref> His debut film, "Igla" (English title: ''The Needle''), premiered in September 1988 at the "Golden Duke" Festival in Odessa where it won the Un Certain Regard prize. Starring popular musician [[Victor Tsoi]], it was one of the first films to break the [[taboo]] against talking about [[drug addiction]] in the [[former Soviet Union]].<ref name="drieu">{{cite journal |last=Drieu |first=Cloe |date=October 2000 |title=Don't Blink Now, It's Kazakhstan |journal=UNESCO Courier |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_2000_Oct/ai_66495271 |accessdate= 2007-11-26}}</ref> The film was released in the [[USSR]] in February 1989 with 1,000 prints in circulation and became a [[box office]] hit viewed by over 30 million cinemagoers.<ref name="drucker"/> The film was also a critical success, winning First Prize at the [[Perspektive - Filmfestival der Menschenrechte|Nuremberg Film Festival]] and initiating the "Kazakh New Wave". He declared, in 1990, the motto of the New Wave of Kazakh cinema: "We demand no unified philosophy nor uniform artistic views on art. We are unified, instead, in our freedom and love of art".<ref>"Tysiacha i odna zabota," ''Iskusstuo kino'' 4 [1990]: 37)</ref> Nougmanov served as President of the Union of Kazakh Filmmakers from 1989 until 1992, when he wrote, directed and produced ''Diki Vostok'' (''[[The Wild East]]''), a [[post-apocalyptic]] [[punk subculture|punk]] [[samurai]] [[Ostern]] which attracted international acclaim at [[film festival]]s from [[Venice]] to [[Los Angeles]] to [[Tokyo]], and was awarded the Prix Special du Jury in [[Valenciennes]], France. The film marked the end of both the Kazakh New Wave and Nugmanov's active directorial career,<ref>{{cite web
| last =Cheah
| first =Phillip
| title =On the Steppes of Eurasian Cinema
| publisher =20th International [[Singapore Film Festival]]
| url =http://www.filmfest.org.sg/pressrm2.php
| accessdate =2007-11-26 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071122013838/http://www.filmfest.org.sg/pressrm2.php  |archivedate = 2007-11-22}}
</ref> although he continued to write screenplays throughout the 1990s.

== Activism ==

Nugmanov moved to [[Paris]], France in 1993 and currently serves as the General Director of the International Freedom Network, a [[London]]-based [[think tank]] created to foster [[democracy]] in the [[former Soviet Union]].<ref>[http://ifn.org.uk/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=1 IFN - Our Mission] - mission statement of the International Freedom Network. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.</ref> A harsh critic of the political regime of [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]], which he has decried as a [[mafia]],<ref>{{cite conference
| first =Rashid
| last =Nugmanov
| title =Virtual Democracy: The Face Behind A Thousand Masks
| booktitle =CESS 4th Annual Conference
| date =2003-10-04
| location =[[Harvard University]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], United States
| url =http://ifn.org.uk/article.php?sid=1
| accessdate =2007-11-26 }}</ref> Nugmanov has been responsible for the [[international relations]] of dissident organisations including the Forum for Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, Republican People's Party of Kazakhstan, [[Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan]], and [[For a Just Kazakhstan]].

== Filmography ==
* [[Igla Remix]] (2010)
* ''[[Dikiy Vostok]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Needle (1988 film)|Igla]]'' (1988)
* [[Iskusstvo byt smirnym]] (1987)
* [[Yahha]] (1986)
* [[Zgga]] (1977)
* [[The Snow Band]] (1971)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
*[[Andrei Plakhov|Plakhov, Andrei]], "Soviet Cinema into the 90's" in ''[[Sight and Sound]]'' (London), Spring 1989.
*Ciesol, Forrest, "Kazakhstan Wave", in ''Sight and Sound'' (London), Fall 1989.
*Horton, Andrew, "Nomad from Kazakhstan: An Interview with Rashid Nugmanov", in ''Film Criticism'', Summer 1990.
*Pruner, Ludmila Zebrina, "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/2500140 The New Wave in Kazakh Cinema]" in ''Slavic Review'', Vol. 51, No. 4. (Winter, 1992), pp. 791–801.
*Eisner, Ken, "[http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117908003.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 Legit Review]", ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 1993-12-20.
{{refend}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|0637835}}
*{{amg name|104743}}
*[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/104743/Rashid-Nugmanov Rashid Nugmanov] at ''[[The New York Times]]''

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nugmanov, Rashid}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Dissidents]]
[[Category:Free speech activists]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani film directors]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani politicians]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani writers]]
[[Category:Soviet film directors]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani democracy activists]]
[[Category:New Wave]]

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