Nihiltres: /* History of Kazakhstan */Standardized hatnote(s) using AWB

2017-01-12T17:05:55Z

‎History of Kazakhstan: Standardized hatnote(s) using AWB

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{{double image|right|Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|219|Coat_of_arms_of_Kazakhstan.svg|109|The [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]|The [[Coat of arms of Kazakhstan]]}}
[[Image:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|right|188px]]
[[Image:Un-Kazakhstan.svg|thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Kazakhstan]]]]

The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan:

The '''[[Republic of Kazakhstan]]''' is a [[Landlocked country|landlocked]] [[List of sovereign states|sovereign country]] located across both [[Central Asia]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name=CIA_World_Factbook>{{cite web|date=July 2, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html|title=Kazakhstan|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=July 23, 2009}}</ref> Ranked as the [[List of countries by area|ninth largest country in the world]] as well as the world's largest [[landlocked]] country,<ref>Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ASRK). 2005. Main Demographic Indicators. Available at http://www.stat.kz</ref> it has a territory of 2,727,300 km² (greater than [[Western Europe]]). It is bordered by [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The country also borders on a significant part of the [[Caspian Sea]].

Vast in size, the land in Kazakhstan is very diverse in types of terrain: flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, mountains, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has the [[List of countries by population|62nd largest]] population in the world, with a [[List of countries by population density|population density]] of less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).

Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced [[Foreign relations of Kazakhstan|foreign policy]] and worked to develop its [[Economy of Kazakhstan|economy]], especially its [[hydrocarbon]] industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's [[Politics of Kazakhstan|politics]]. Several opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years, and Western observers generally do not consider [[Elections in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan's elections]] to be free and fair. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building.<ref>Zarakhovich, Yuri (September 27, 2006). [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1539999,00.html "Kazakhstan Comes on Strong"], Time Magazine.</ref> It is now considered to be the dominant state in [[Central Asia]].<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2008/5/3442f45a-7517-425d-956c-78d0c6af7ac2.html Medvedev Visit Underscores Kazakh Victory Over Uzbekistan For Regional Dominance] Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</ref> The country belongs to many international organizations, including the [[United Nations]], [[Partnership for Peace|NATO's Partnership for Peace]], the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]], and the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organization]]. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]]. In 2011, it formed a [[Eurasian Economic Community|customs union]] with Russia and [[Belarus]].

Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to [[Forced settlements in the Soviet Union|mass deportations]] of many ethnic groups to the country during [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin's]] rule. Kazakhs are the largest group, followed by Russians. Kazakhstan allows [[Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan|freedom of religion]], and many different beliefs are represented in the country. [[Islam]] is the primary religion, followed by [[Orthodox Christianity]]. The official language is [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], though [[Russian language|Russian]] is still commonly used for everyday communication.

{{TOC limit|limit=2}}

== General reference ==
[[Image:Kazakhstan 2001 CIA map.jpg|thumb|An enlargeable relief map of [[Kazakhstan]]]]
* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]:
* Common English country name: [[Kazakhstan]]
* Official English country name: The [[Republic of Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Adjectives]]: [[Kazakhs]]tani, [[Kazakh (disambiguation)|Kazakh]]
* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Demonym]](s):
* [[Etymology]]: [[Name of Kazakhstan]]
* [[International rankings of Kazakhstan]]
* [[ISO country codes]]: KZ, KAZ, 398
* [[ISO region codes]]: See [[ISO 3166-2:KZ]]
* [[Internet]] [[country code top-level domain]]: [[.kz]]

== Geography of Kazakhstan ==

{{Main|Geography of Kazakhstan}}

* Kazakhstan is: a [[landlocked country]]
* Location:
** Kazakhstan is a region or subregion of:
*** [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[Eastern Hemisphere]]
**** [[Eurasia]]
***** [[Asia]]
****** [[Central Asia]]
***** [[Europe]]
****** [[Eastern Europe]] (a small portion only)
** [[Time zone]]s:
*** Eastern Kazakhstan Time [[UTC+6]]
*** Western Kazakhstan Time [[UTC+5]]
** [[Extreme points of Kazakhstan]]
*** High: [[Khan Tengri]] {{convert|7010|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
*** Low: [[Caspian Depression]] {{convert|-132|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
** Land boundaries: 12,185 km
::{{Flag|Russia}} 6,846 km
::{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} 2,203 km
::{{Flag|China}} 1,533 km
::{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} 1,224 km
::{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} 379 km
:* Coastline: ''none''<ref name=Paratethys>[[Kazakhstan]] borders the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Aral Sea]], remnants of the ancient [[Paratethys Sea]].</ref>
* [[Population of Kazakhstan]]: 15,422,000 – [[List of countries by population|62nd most populous country]]
*
* [[Area of Kazakhstan]]: 2,724,900 km2
* [[:commons:Atlas of Kazakhstan|Atlas of Kazakhstan]]

=== Environment of Kazakhstan ===
[[Image:Kazakhstan World Wind blank.png|thumb|An enlargeable satellite image of [[Kazakhstan]]]]
{{Main|Environment of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Climate of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Environmental issues in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Renewable energy in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Geology of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Protected areas of Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of biosphere reserves in Kazakhstan|Biosphere reserves in Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of national parks of Kazakhstan|National parks of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Wildlife of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Fauna of Kazakhstan]]
*** [[List of birds of Kazakhstan|Birds of Kazakhstan]]
*** [[List of mammals of Kazakhstan|Mammals of Kazakhstan]]

==== Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan ====

* [[Glaciers of Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of islands of Kazakhstan|Islands of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Lakes of Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of mountains of Kazakhstan|Mountains of Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of volcanoes in Kazakhstan|Volcanoes in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of rivers of Kazakhstan|Rivers of Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of waterfalls of Kazakhstan|Waterfalls of Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan]]

=== Regions of Kazakhstan ===

==== Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan ====
{{main|Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Districts of Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Municipalities of Kazakhstan]]

===== Provinces of Kazakhstan =====
{{Main|Provinces of Kazakhstan}}

{| style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="2px"
|
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Province !! [[Status symbol|Status]] !! [[Kazakh language|Full Kazakh name]] !! [[Timezone]]
|-
| [[Akmola Province|Akmola]] || province || Ақмола облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Aktobe Province|Aktobe]] || province || Ақтөбе облысы || UTC+5
|-
| [[Almaty]] || city(1) || Алматы қаласы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Almaty Province]] || province || Алматы облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Astana]] || city(1) || Астана қаласы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Atyrau Province|Atyrau]] || province || Атырау облысы || UTC+5
|-
| [[Baikonur]] || city(2) || Байқоңыр қаласы || UTC+6
|-
| [[East Kazakhstan Province|East Kazakhstan]] || province || Шығыс Қазақстан облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Karagandy Province|Karagandy]] || province || Қарағанды облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Kostanay Province|Kostanay]] || province || Қостанай облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Kyzylorda Province|Kyzylorda]] || province || Қызылорда облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Mangystau Province|Mangystau]] || province || Маңғыстау облысы || UTC+5
|-
| [[North Kazakhstan Province|North Kazakhstan]] || province || Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[Pavlodar Province|Pavlodar]] || province || Павлодар облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[South Kazakhstan Province|South Kazakhstan]] || province || Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы || UTC+6
|-
| [[West Kazakhstan Province|West Kazakhstan]] || province || Батыс Қазақстан облысы || UTC+5
|-
| [[Zhambyl Province|Zhambyl]] || province || Жамбыл облысы || UTC+6
|}
|[[Image:Kazakhstan provinces and province capitals.svg|thumb|right|400px|Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
|}

Notes:
* (1) [[Almaty]] and [[Astana]] cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province.
* (2) [[Baikonur]] city has a special status because it is currently being leased to [[Russia]] with [[Baikonur cosmodrome]] through the year 2050.


===== Districts of Kazakhstan =====
{{Main|Districts of Kazakhstan}}

[[Image:Kazakhstan rayons.png|left|300px|thumb]]
{{Clear}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Province
! District(s)
|-
| [[Akmola Province]]
|
* [[Akkol District]]
* [[Arshaly District]]
* [[Astrakhan District]]
* [[Atbasar District]]
* [[Bulandy District]]
* [[Egindikol District]]
* [[Enbekshilder District]]
* [[Ereymentau District]]
* [[Esil District, Akmola Province]]
* [[Korgalzhyn District]]
* [[Sandyktau District]]
* [[Shortandy District]]
* [[Shuchinsk District]]
* [[Zerendi District]]
* [[Zhaksy District]]
* [[Zharkain District]]
|-
| [[Aktobe Province]]
|
* [[Alga District]]
* [[Ayteke Bi District]]
* [[Bayganin District]]
* [[Kargaly District]]
* [[Kobda District]]
* [[Khromtau District]]
* [[Martuk District]]
* [[Mugalzhar District]]
* [[Oiyl District]]
* [[Shalkar District]]
* [[Temir District]]
* [[Yrgyz District]]
|-
| [[Almaty Province]]
|
* [[Aksu District, Almaty Province]]
* [[Alakol District]]
* [[Balkhash District]]
* [[Enbekshikazakh District]]
* [[Eskeldi District]]
* [[Ile District, Kazakhstan]]
* [[Karasay District]]
* [[Karatal District]]
* [[Kerbulak District]]
* [[Koksu District]]
* [[Panfilov District, Kazakhstan]]
* [[Raiymbek District]]
* [[Sarkant District]]
* [[Talgar District]]
* [[Uygur District]]
* [[Zhambyl District, Almaty Province]]
|-
| [[Atyrau Province]]
|
* [[Inder District]]
* [[Isatay District]]
* [[Kurmangazy District]]
* [[Kyzylkoga District]]
* [[Makat District]]
* [[Makhambet District]]
* [[Zhylyoi District]]
|-
| [[East Kazakhstan Province]]
|
* [[Abay District, East Kazakhstan]]
* [[Ayagoz District]]
* [[Beskaragay District]]
* [[Borodulikha District]]
* [[Glubokoe District]]
* [[Katonkaragay District]]
* [[Kokpekti District]]
* [[Kurshim District]]
* [[Shemonaikha District]]
* [[Tarbagatay District]]
* [[Ulan District]]
* [[Urzhar District]]
* [[Zaysan District]]
* [[Zharma District]]
* [[Zyryanovsk District]]
|-
| [[Karagandy Province]]
|
* [[Abay District, Karagandy Province]]
* [[Aktogay District, Karagandy Province]]
* [[Bukhar-Zhyrau District]]
* [[Karkaraly District]]
* [[Nura District]]
* [[Osakarov District]]
* [[Shet District]]
* [[Ulytau District]]
* [[Zhanaarka District]]
|-
| [[Kostanay Province]]
|
* [[Altynsarin District]]
* [[Amangeldi District]]
* [[Auliekol District]]
* [[Denisov District]]
* [[Fyodorov District]]
* [[Kamysty District]]
* [[Karabalyk District]]
* [[Karasu District]]
* [[Kostanay District]]
* [[Mendykara District]]
* [[Nauyrzym District]]
* [[Sarykol District]]
* [[Taran District]]
* [[Uzunkol District]]
* [[Zhangeldi District]]
* [[Zhetikara District]]
|-
| [[Kyzylorda Province]]
|
* [[Aral District]]
* [[Karmakshy District]]
* [[Kazaly District]]
* [[Shieli District]]
* [[Syrdariya District]]
* [[Zhalagash District]]
* [[Zhanakorgan District]]
|-
| [[North Kazakhstan]]
|
* [[Aiyrtau District]]
* [[Akkayin District]]
* [[Akzhar District]]
* [[Esil District, North Kazakhstan province]]
* [[Gabit Musirepov District]] (Tselinniy)
* [[Kyzylzhar District]]
* [[Magzhan Zhumabaev District]] (Bulaev)
* [[Mamlyut District]]
* [[Shal akyn District]] (Sergeev)
* [[Taiynsha District]]
* [[Timiryazev District]]
* [[Ualikhanov District]]
* [[Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Province]]
|-
| [[Pavlodar Province]]
|
* [[Akku District]]
* [[Aktogay District, Pavlodar Province]]
* [[Bayanaul District]]
* [[Ertis District]]
* [[Kashyr District]]
* [[May District, Kazakhstan|May District]]
* [[Pavlodar District]]
* [[Sharbakty District]]
* [[Uspen District]]
* [[Zhelezin District]]
|-
| [[South Kazakhstan Province]]
|
* [[Baydibek District]]
* [[Kazygurt District]]
* [[Maktaaral District]]
* [[Ordabasy District]]
* [[Otyrar District]]
* [[Saryagash District]]
* [[Sayram District]]
* [[Shardara District]]
* [[Sozak District]]
* [[Tole Bi District]]
* [[Tulkibas District]]
|-
| [[West Kazakhstan Province]]
|
* [[Akzhaik District]]
* [[Bokey Orda District]]
* [[Borili District]]
* [[Karatobe District]]
* [[Kaztal District]]
* [[Shyngyrlau District]]
* [[Syrym District]]
* [[Taskala District]]
* [[Terekti District]]
* [[Zelenov District]]
* [[Zhanakala District]]
* [[Zhanybek District]]
|-
| [[Zhambyl Province]]
|
* [[Bayzak District]]
* [[Korday District]]
* [[Merke District]]
* [[Moiynkum District]]
* [[Sarysu District]]
* [[Shu District]]
* [[Talas District, Kazakhstan|Talas District]]
* [[Turar Ryskulov District]]
* [[Zhambyl District, Zhambyl Province]]
* [[Zhualy District]]
|}

===== Municipalities of Kazakhstan =====
{{Main|Municipalities of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Kazakhstan: [[Capital of Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of cities in Kazakhstan|Cities of Kazakhstan]]

=== Demography of Kazakhstan ===
{{main|Demographics of Kazakhstan}}

== Government and politics of Kazakhstan ==

[[Politics of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Form of government]]: [[presidential republic]]
* [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Kazakhstan: [[Capital of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Elections in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of political parties in Kazakhstan|Political parties in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Taxation in Kazakhstan]]

=== Branches of the government of Kazakhstan ===
{{Main|Government of Kazakhstan}}

==== Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan ====
* [[Head of state]]: [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], [[President of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Head of government]]: [[Karim Masimov]], [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Cabinet of Kazakhstan]]

==== Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan ====

* [[Parliament of Kazakhstan]] ([[bicameral]])
** [[Upper house]]: [[Senate of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Lower house]]: [[Mazhilis]]

==== Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan ====
{{Main|Court system of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Supreme Court of Kazakhstan]]

=== Foreign relations of Kazakhstan ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Kazakhstan}}

* [[List of diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan|Diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Diplomatic missions of Kazakhstan]]

==== International organization membership ====
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of:<ref name=CIA_World_Factbook/>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
*[[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB)
*[[Collective Security Treaty Organization]] (CSTO)
*[[Commonwealth of Independent States]] (CIS)
*[[Economic Cooperation Organization]] (ECO)
*[[Eurasian Economic Community]] (EAEC)
*[[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council]] (EAPC)
*[[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD)
*[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO)
*[[General Confederation of Trade Unions]] (GCTU)
*[[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA)
*[[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (IBRD)
*[[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO)
*[[International Criminal Police Organization]] (Interpol)
*[[International Development Association]] (IDA)
*[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRCS)
*[[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC)
*[[International Fund for Agricultural Development]] (IFAD)
*[[International Labour Organization]] (ILO)
*[[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO)
*[[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF)
*[[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC)
*[[International Organization for Migration]] (IOM)
*[[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO)
*[[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] (ICRM)
*[[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU)
{{Col-2}}
*[[International Telecommunications Satellite Organization]] (ITSO)
*[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] (IPU)
*[[Islamic Development Bank]] (IDB)
*[[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]] (MIGA)
*[[Nonaligned Movement]] (NAM) (observer)
*[[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] (NSG)
*[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC)
*[[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE)
*[[Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW)
*[[Organization of American States]] (OAS) (observer)
*[[Partnership for Peace]] (PFP)
*[[Shanghai Cooperation Organization]] (SCO)
*[[United Nations]] (UN)
*[[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD)
*[[United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO)
*[[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] (UNIDO)
*[[Universal Postal Union]] (UPU)
*[[World Confederation of Labour]] (WCL)
*[[World Customs Organization]] (WCO)
*[[World Federation of Trade Unions]] (WFTU)
*[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)
*[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO)
*[[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO)
*[[World Tourism Organization]] (UNWTO)
*[[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) (observer)
{{Col-end}}

=== Law and order in Kazakhstan ===
{{main|Law of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Constitution of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Crime in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Human rights in Kazakhstan]]
** [[LGBT rights in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Law enforcement in Kazakhstan]]

=== Military of Kazakhstan ===
{{main|Military of Kazakhstan}}

* Command
** [[Commander-in-chief]]:
*** [[Ministry of Defence (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Defence of Kazakhstan]]
* Forces
** [[Army of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Navy]] of Kazakhstan: None
** [[Air Force of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Special forces of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Military history of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Military ranks of Kazakhstan]]

=== Local government in Kazakhstan ===
{{Main|Local government in Kazakhstan}}

== History of Kazakhstan ==
{{main article|History of Kazakhstan|Timeline of the history of Kazakhstan|Portal:Current events/Kazakhstan|l3=Current events of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Military history of Kazakhstan]]

== Culture of Kazakhstan ==
{{main|Culture of Kazakhstan}}

* [[Architecture of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Cuisine of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Festivals in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Languages of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Media in Kazakhstan]]
* [[National symbols of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Coat of arms of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]
** [[National anthem of Kazakhstan]]
* [[People of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Kazakhs]]
*** [[Russians in Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Koreans in Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Germans of Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Armenians in Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Greeks in Kazakhstan]]
*** [[Kazakh Jews]]
* [[Prostitution in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Public holidays in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of records of Kazakhstan|Records of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Religion in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Buddhism in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Christianity in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Hinduism in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Islam in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Judaism in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Sikhism in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan]]

=== Art in Kazakhstan ===
* [[Art in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Cinema of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Literature of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Music of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Television in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Theatre in Kazakhstan]]

=== Sports in Kazakhstan ===
{{main|Sports in Kazakhstan}}

* [[Football in Kazakhstan]]
*[[Kazakhstan at the Olympics]]

== Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan ==
{{main|Economy of Kazakhstan}}

* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)]]: 55th (fifty-fifth)
* [[Agriculture in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Banking in Kazakhstan]]
** [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Communications in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Internet in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of companies of Kazakhstan|Companies of Kazakhstan]]
*[[Currency|Currency of Kazakhstan]]: [[Kazakhstani tenge|Tenge]]
**[[ISO 4217]]: [[KZT]]
* [[Energy in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Energy policy of Kazakhstan]]
** [[Oil industry in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Health care in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Mining in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Kazakhstan Stock Exchange]]
* [[Tourism in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Transport in Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of airports in Kazakhstan|Airports in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Rail transport in Kazakhstan]]
** [[Roads in Kazakhstan]]

== Education in Kazakhstan ==
{{main|Education in Kazakhstan}}

== Health in Kazakhstan ==
{{Main|Health in Kazakhstan}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Kazakhstan|Asia}}
{{InterWiki|Kazakh language|code=kk}}
{{InterWiki|Russian language|code=ru}}
{{Main|Kazakhstan}}
*[[Index of Kazakhstan-related articles]]
*[[List of Kazakhstan-related topics]]
*[[List of international rankings]]
*[[Member states of the United Nations]]
*[[Outline of Asia]]
*[[Outline of geography]]
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Sisterlinks|Kazakhstan}}

{{Wikiatlas|Kazakhstan}}
* [http://en.government.kz Government of Kazakhstan]
* [http://www.akorda.kz/www/www_akorda_kz.nsf/index?OpenForm&lang=en President of the Republic of Kazakhstan]
* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Kazakhstan Atlas of Kazakhstan]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298071.stm BBC News Country Profiles – ''Kazakhstan'']
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html CIA World Factbook – ''Kazakhstan'']
* [http://www.state.gov/p/sca/ci/kz/ U.S. Department of State – ''Kazakhstan''] includes links to various reports
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan}}
* [http://www.worldbank.org.kz/ The World Bank – ''Kazakhstan''] development issues
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kztoc.html Library of Congress – ''A Country Study: Kazakhstan''] last updated March 1996
* [http://newsite.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=KZ&RegionCode=ASI Kazakhstan: Humanitarian Country Profile] – [[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Kazakhstan}}

{{Outline footer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Outline Of Kazakhstan}}
[[Category:Outlines of countries|Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Kazakhstan| ]]
[[Category:Kazakhstan-related lists| ]]

Outline of Kazakhstan - Revision history

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