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{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Mirjaqip Dulatuli
| image = Stamps of Kazakhstan, 2010-29.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1885|11|25|mf=y}}
| birth_place = Sarikopa, Qostanay Oblast
| death_date = 1935
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[Writer]], [[Politician]]
}}

'''Mirjaqip Dulatuli''' ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]: Міржақып Дулатұлы, [[Russia]]n: Миржакып Дулатов (1885–1935) was a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[poet]], [[writer]] and one of [[leader]]s of [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] [[nationalist]] [[Alash Orda]] [[government]]. He also is known to have used the pen names ''Madiyar'' and ''Arghyn''.<ref>Tomohiko Uyama, The Geography of Civilizations: Chapter 3-A Spatial Analysis of the Kazakh Intelligentsia's Activities, From the Mid-Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century [http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/98summer/pdf/uyama.pdf]</ref> A common English transliteration of his name (through the Russian) is ''Mir Yakub Dulatov''.

==Early life==
Dulatuli was born on November 25, 1885 in the [[village]] of [[Sarikopa]], [[Kostanay Province]]. He was from [[Middle jüz]], Argin [[tribe]]. He lost his mother, Demesh, at the age of two and his father, Dulat, at the age of 12. He received early education in the traditional village school. In 1897, Dulatuli enrolled in a Kazakh-[[Russia]]n high school and graduated in 1902 as a village [[teacher]]. In 1904, he joined Akhmet Baytursinuli and Alikhan Bokeikhanov in Karkaraly. Under the influence of these two leaders of emerging Kazakh reformist nationalist movement, he developed an anti-colonial, anti-Russian worldview.

He moved to St. Petersburg in 1907 as a delegate of Kazakh Constitutional Democratic Party. In St. Petersburg, he published his first poem in the Kazakh journal "Serke", which ran only one issue. The poem was entitled ''Jastarga'' ("to the Youth").<br /> He contributed another article, ''Bizdin Maksatimiz'' ("Our Objective"), to the second issue of the journal, which was never published.

==Political activities==
Mirjaqip's political formation was greatly maturated when he published his first poetry book, ''Oyan! Qazaq,'' "Wake up! Kazakh" in 1909.<ref>[http://www.peoples.ru/state/teacher/dulatov/ Мир-Якуб Дулатов]</ref> The book was immediately confiscated. He republished ''Oyan! Qazaq'' in 1911 and returned to the Turgay oblast after the publication of the book.

Meanwhile, Dulatuli published his first novel ''Baqitsiz Jamal,'' "Jamal the Unfortunate" in 1910. Baqitsiz Jamal has been the first novel in the contemporary Kazakh literature. The book narrates the story of oppressed Kazakh women.

Thus, in early 1910s, Dulatuli emerges as a leader of emerging Kazakh reformism and nationalist movement. His publications puts him under Russian surveillance, investigations and intimidations. Under Tsarist Russian surveillance, Dulatuli could not have a steady job or settle down in a town for a long time. He was arrested in Semey in 1911 and served one and half years prison term.

After his release, Dulatuli regularly contributed to Kazakh language journals [[Ay Qap|Ayqap]] and [[Qazaq (journal)|Qazaq]] until 1918 when ''Qazaq'' was closed by the Kerensky government. In his essays and poems Dulatuli criticized socio-economic, political conditions of Kazakhs under imperial administration. He also published another poetry, ''Azamat,'' "Citizen" in 1913.<ref>Asur Ozdemir, Kazak Turklerinin Buyuk Edibi, Mirjakip Dulatuli, Bilim ve Kültür Dergisi (bilig-3/Fall, 1996)</ref>

Dulatuli was one of the leaders of [[Alash Orda|Alash Orda Government]] which was formed to promote [[Alash Autonomy|Kazakh autonomy]] under the [[Menshevik]] government. Alash leaders, including Baytursunov and Dulatuli, aligned with the Whites, declared independence of Kazakhstan and fought against [[Bolsheviks]] between December 1917-May 1919. When the leader of the Whites, Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, turned down requests of Alash leaders for help, the Kazakh nationalists realigned with the Bolsheviks expecting autonomy under Bolshevik government. In 1920, autonomous socialist republic was established and Alash leaders participated in local government.

Dulatuli worked as an editor and teacher under Bolshevik government. In 1928, he was arrested on nationalism charges and died in [[Solovki prison camp|Solovki]] labour camp in 1935.

==Legacy==
Dulatuli was rehabilitated post-humously in 1988. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern Kazakh [[literature]], and a leader of Kazakh nationalism.

The first novel in Kazakh literature is "Miserable Jamal" ("Бақытсыз Жамал"). The author describes Jamal, a Kazakh girl, who becomes a victim of patriarchal- feudal traditions and customs, and exposing the fight between old traditions and new generation on this basis. The novel is celebrated for clear depiction of a feeling of equality, among rising young people of that time.<ref>Қирабаев Серік Тәуелсіздік Рухымен Астана: "Фолиант", 2002, 35 page</ref>

==Works==
* ''Oyan! Qazaq, Almati: Altyn Orda (1991)''
::''Sample:''
::Köziñdi aş, oyan, qazaq, köter bastı,
::Ötkizbeý qarañğıda beker jastı.
::Jer ketti, din naşarlap, xal haram bop,
::Qazağım, endi jatw jaramas-tı.

* ''Shigharmalari, Mirjaqip Dulatuli; Z A Akhmetov; Almati: Jazushi Baspasi, 1991''
* ''Baqitsiz Jamal, 1910''
* ''Azamat, 1913''
* ''Terme, 1915''
* ''Esep Kurali, 1922''
* ''Kiyragat Kitabi, 1924''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Films ==
# 1993 «Міржақыптың оралуы» ”Міржақыптың оралуы” - "Міржақыптың оралуы" [[Return of the Mir-Yakub]] (films) (documentary) «[[Kazakhtelefilm]]» film director [[Kalila Umarov]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dulatuli, Mirjaqip}}
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Kazakh-language writers]]
[[Category:Kazakh-language poets]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani people executed by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Executed politicians]]
[[Category:Executed writers]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Executed Kazakhstani people]]
[[Category:20th-century poets]]

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