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‎History

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{{Refimprove|date=April 2008}}
{{Coord|44|51|N|65|31|E|region:KZ_type:city|display=title}}

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name=Kyzylorda
|native_name=Қызылорда
|image_skyline=
|image_flag=
|image_seal=Kyzylorda coat-of-arms.png
|image_map=
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Kazakhstan
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 280
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]
|subdivision_name = [[Kazakhstan]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kyzylorda Region]]
|established_title = Founded
|established_date =1820
|established_title2 = City status
|established_date2 =1867
|government_type =
|leader_title = Akim <small>([[mayor]])</small>
|leader_name = [[Nurlybek Nalibeav]]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_total_km2 = 2400
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of=2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 200900
|population_urban =
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Almaty Time|ALMT]]
|utc_offset = +6
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|44|51|0|N|65|31|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m = 128
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = [[Postal code]]
|postal_code = 120001 - 120018
|area_code = +7 7242
|registration_plate = N
|website = {{URL|http://www.kyzylorda-city.kz/}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Kyzylorda''' ({{lang-kz|Қызылорда}}, ''Qızılorda'' قىزىلوردا), formerly known as '''Kzyl-Orda''' ({{lang-ru|Кзыл-Орда}}), '''Ak-Mechet''' (Russian: Ак-Мечеть), '''Perovsk''' (Russian: Перовск), and '''Fort-Perovsky''' (Russian: Форт-Перовский), is a city in south central [[Kazakhstan]], capital of [[Kyzylorda Region]] and former capital of the [[Kazak ASSR]] from 1925 to 1929.

The city has a population of 157,400 (1999 Census). It historically developed around the [[Syr Darya River]] and the site of a [[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]] fortress. Population: {{Kz-census2009|188,682|punct=;}} {{Kz-census1999|157,364|punct=.}}

==History==
[[Seljuk]], the founder of the Seljuk dynasty, got his start near here. The city had its beginnings in 1820<Ref>Valikhanof et al, The Russians in Central Asia, 1865, page 315, says " according to Kirgiz accounts, about the year 1817." Kirgiz meant Kazakh at that time.</ref> as the site of a [[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]] fortress known as '''Ak-Mechet''', or ''white mosque''.<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 24</ref> The later-famous [[Yaqub Beg]] was once the fort's commander, but he was apparently not in command during the final battle. In 1853, during the [[Russian conquest of Turkestan]], the fort was taken by Russian troops under General [[Vasily Perovsky]].<ref name="Pospelov" /> The Russians established a new fort and called it '''Fort-Perovsky''' ({{lang|ru|Форт-Перо́вский}}), after the general.

The town of '''Perovsk''' ({{lang|ru|Перо́вск}}) in [[Russian Turkestan]] later developed around the fort.<ref name="Pospelov" /> In 1925, the city was renamed Kzyl-Orda ({{lang|ru|Кзыл-Орда}})<ref name="Pospelov" /> and was designated as the capital of the [[Kazak ASSR]]. The name literally means ''a red city'', from the Turkic "кзыл" (''red''; used here in the common Soviet ideological connotation) and the Turkic Mongolian "орда" (''city'').<ref name="Pospelov" /> In 1929 the capital was relocated to the southeastern region and Almaty.

''"Kyzylorda",'' the Kazakh-based romanized spelling, has been used since the late 20th century after the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and Kazakhstan's independence in 1991.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

==Climate==
Kyzylorda has a cold [[desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWk'') with hot summers and cold winters. [[Precipitation]] is low throughout the year, particularly in the summer months. Snow is common, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is {{convert|-33.9|C|1}}, recorded in February 1969, and the highest temperature is {{convert|46.0|C|1}}, recorded in July 1975.<ref name=pogoda/>

{{Weather box
|location=Kyzylorda
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 15.2
|Feb record high C = 21.8
|Mar record high C = 31.3
|Apr record high C = 39.3
|May record high C = 41.4
|Jun record high C = 44.6
|Jul record high C = 46.0
|Aug record high C = 44.7
|Sep record high C = 42.0
|Oct record high C = 35.7
|Nov record high C = 26.0
|Dec record high C = 17.2
|year record high C = 46.0
|Jan high C = -2.5
|Feb high C = 0.2
|Mar high C = 8.8
|Apr high C = 20.3
|May high C = 27.2
|Jun high C = 32.9
|Jul high C = 34.3
|Aug high C = 32.6
|Sep high C = 26.1
|Oct high C = 17.4
|Nov high C = 7.2
|Dec high C = -0.4
|year high C = 17.0
|Jan mean C = -6.8
|Feb mean C = -5.0
|Mar mean C = 2.7
|Apr mean C = 13.3
|May mean C = 20.3
|Jun mean C = 26.1
|Jul mean C = 27.8
|Aug mean C = 25.7
|Sep mean C = 18.6
|Oct mean C = 10.2
|Nov mean C = 1.9
|Dec mean C = -4.7
|year mean C = 10.8
|Jan low C = -10.3
|Feb low C = -9.2
|Mar low C = -2.2
|Apr low C = 6.9
|May low C = 13.2
|Jun low C = 18.8
|Jul low C = 20.8
|Aug low C = 18.6
|Sep low C = 11.7
|Oct low C = 4.0
|Nov low C = -2.4
|Dec low C = -8.2
|year low C = 5.1
|Jan record low C = -33.0
|Feb record low C = -33.9
|Mar record low C = -26.0
|Apr record low C = -8.0
|May record low C = -0.8
|Jun record low C = 7.2
|Jul record low C = 10.9
|Aug record low C = 6.0
|Sep record low C = -1.0
|Oct record low C = -12.6
|Nov record low C = -25.1
|Dec record low C = -31.0
|year record low C = -33.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 19
|Feb precipitation mm = 15
|Mar precipitation mm = 17
|Apr precipitation mm = 16
|May precipitation mm = 16
|Jun precipitation mm = 10
|Jul precipitation mm = 6
|Aug precipitation mm = 4
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 10
|Nov precipitation mm = 17
|Dec precipitation mm = 17
|year precipitation mm = 151
|Jan humidity = 78
|Feb humidity = 74
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 49
|May humidity = 41
|Jun humidity = 35
|Jul humidity = 34
|Aug humidity = 34
|Sep humidity = 40
|Oct humidity = 52
|Nov humidity = 70
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 54
| Jan rain days = 4
| Feb rain days = 4
| Mar rain days = 6
| Apr rain days = 6
| May rain days = 6
| Jun rain days = 4
| Jul rain days = 3
| Aug rain days = 2
| Sep rain days = 2
| Oct rain days = 5
| Nov rain days = 6
| Dec rain days = 5
|year rain days = 53
|Jan snow days = 12
|Feb snow days = 9
|Mar snow days = 4
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.03
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.4
|Nov snow days = 3
|Dec snow days = 9
|year snow days = 38
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161125142716/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38062.htm
| archivedate = 25 November 2016
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38062.htm
| title = Weather and Climate - Kyzylorda
| accessdate = 25 November 2016
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|date=November 2012}}

==Agriculture==
Kyzylorda is known for its rice production. Many hundreds of hectares are devoted to rice production. Two rice mills operate in the city.<ref>Staff US Rice Producers Association</ref>

==Education==
There are 285 comprehensive schools in the region, where 150,472 students are taught. In addition there are 17 secondary professional schools and 13 professional technical schools. There are 11 higher educational institutions, among them one state institute, 5 branches associated with it, and 5 independent High Education Institutes. In the region there are 67 children's preschool establishments, where 4476 children are taught.

'''Kyzylorda State University (KSU) after Korkyt ata'''<ref>[http://www.korkyt.kz korkyt.kz]</ref> is the leading center of education, a science and culture center in the Aral region of the Republic Kazakhstan. Established in 1950, the university trains highly skilled specialists in 54 specialties, at 11 faculties, 48 chairs, on 20 specialties of a bachelor of degree and 7 specialties of magistracy (master's degree).

==Transportation==
[[File:Syr Darya.jpg|thumbnail| The [[Syr Darya River]] flows through the city]]

Kyzylorda has one [[Kyzylorda Airport|airport]]. It has developed as the supply center of the important oilfields in the nearby [[Turgay Basin]].

==Sport==
For regular employment of the population of region by physical training and sport there are 7 stadiums, 6 sports complexes, 1 swimming pool, 1 track and field athletics arena, 1 hippodrome, 113 shooting galleries,4 tennis courts, 687 sports-ground, 136 playgrounds, 15 sports nucleus, 1 bowling center, 168 adapted gymnasiums (gyms).

In May 2005 [[Ilya Ilin]] won the world championship among youthful sportsmen in [[Pusan]] (S.Korea), Rusjianovsky Roman became the bronze prize-winner. A victory of 17-year-old sportsman of heavy athletics, Ilya Ilin in the world championship in [[Qatar]] was the triumph of the year. He improved a personal record, established two records of the world among youthful sportsmen.

In December cyclists finished the participation of regional sportsmen in the international competitions. In December, 15-18, 2005 they took part in the championship of Asia on a bicycle track. [[Berik Kupeshov]](recently rider of the [[Astana Team|Astana Cycling Team]]) and Kilibayev Alexander became champions of the Asian contingent.

Within one year players of handball club "Seihun-KАМ" were success; they won the first place in the republic championship. In 2006 the republic won a championship in the [[Greco-Roman wrestling]] in weight categories of {{convert|55|and|74|kg|0|abbr=on}}. Kuketov Ermek and Zhusipov Dastan won a gold, medal and Bakhyt Sagaev became a bronze prize-winner.

The city sent a [[bandy]] team to the [[Spartakiade]] 2009.<ref>[http://akghaik.ru/photo/9-2-0-0-2?photo=172 Спартакиада-2009. - Фототека - Бесплатные онлайн-тесты]</ref>

==Tourism==
{{Refimprove section|date=June 2011}}

Kyzylorda region is one of the historical centers of the [[Silk Road]], which connected China and Southeast Asia to western Asia and Europe. The tourist centers organize tourist trips on this route, which includes historical places in the cities of [[Sauran]] and [[Shyganak]], and the archeological monuments and mausoleums of Sunak Ata, Aikozha Ishan, Karasopy, Okshy Ata, Dosball be, and Esabyz; the Aktas mosque, the memorial complex of Korkyt Ata, and the well-known [[Baikonur cosmodrome]].

There are 543 monuments in Kyzylorda region; 495 are deemed to be of great value as historical and religious monuments. These include architectural and archeological monuments and mausoleums of prominent people.

The regional management of tourism and sport and other tourist companies took part in the [[Berlin]] International Tourist Stock Exchange and the International Tourist Fair in [[Almaty]].

==Notable people==
*[[Asim Thahit Abdullah Al Khalaqi]] (1968-2015), Yemeni formerly held in [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]], given asylum by Kazakhstan in 2015.
*[[Vladimir Hotineanu]] (born 1950), former Health Minister of Moldova
*[[Eliezer Kulas]] (born 1944), Israeli politician
*[[Oleg Tozoni]] (1927-2012), engineer and inventor
*[[Marina Volnova]] (born 1989), Olympic boxer

==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Kazakhstan}}

Kyzylorda is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Bursa]], [[Turkey]]<ref name="Bursa twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bursa.bel.tr/kardes-sehirler/sayfa/261/|title=Kardeş Şehirler|accessdate=July 27, 2013|work=Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez|publisher=Tüm Hakları Saklıdır}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|United States}} [[Arvada]], [[Colorado]], [[United States]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*[http://aboutkazakhstan.com/kyzylorda-city History, facts and photos]

{{Kyzylorda Region}}
{{Cities of Kazakhstan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}

[[Category:Populated places in Kyzylorda Region]]
[[Category:Syr-Darya Oblast]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1820]]

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