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[[Image:Dzhaba Ioseliani.png|200px|right|thumb|Jaba Ioseliani]]
'''Jaba''' (or '''Dzhaba''') '''Ioseliani''' (July 10, 1926 – March 4, 2003) was a [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] politician, writer, [[Georgian mafia|thief-in-law]] and leader of the paramilitary [[Mkhedrioni]] organisation.

Born in [[Khashuri]], Georgia, Ioseliani majored in Oriental studies at Leningrad University but did not graduate. He staged a [[bank robbery]] in [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] in 1948, for which he served 17 years in a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] jail. Released in 1965, he later served another sentence for [[manslaughter]]. He eventually returned to his native Georgia and graduated from the Georgian Institute of Theater Arts, where he became a professor. He wrote a number of popular plays.

Ioseliani rose to prominence as the leader of the Mkhedrioni, a heavily armed paramilitary group which he founded in 1989. He attempted to take control of large areas of [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] with the goal of defeating regional separatist elements. In February 1991, his organisation was outlawed by President [[Zviad Gamsakhurdia]] and he was imprisoned along with other Mkhedrioni members. In response, Ioseliani accused Gamsakhurdia of trying to take control of state media and silence rivals.

In December 1991, Ioseliani escaped from prison and joined forces with rebel members of the Georgian National Guard to launch a violent [[coup d'etat]] that forced President [[Zviad Gamsakhurdia]] out of office in January 1992. He was one of the three leaders of the "Military Council" that ruled Georgia from January–March 1992. He subsequently became a powerful figure in the government of President [[Eduard Shevardnadze]], who was forced to rely heavily on Mkhedrioni militiamen because of the weakness of the state security forces. Ioseliani made it clear who he thought was the senior partner: his office in the Georgian Parliament building was located directly above Shevardnadze's and he was constantly surrounded with armed followers wherever he went.<ref>*RAYMOND BONNER [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED71431F935A25752C1A965958260 Georgian Fighter Wields Guns, Money and Charm] The New York Times. November 16, 1993</ref>

Ioseliani played a major role in the disastrous attempt to enforce Georgian rule in the separatist province of [[Abkhazia]], which ended in a crushing defeat for government and Mkhedrioni forces in August–September 1993. Despite this, he was given a formal government position in September 1993 to enforce a national [[state of emergency]]. This gave him almost unlimited powers to detain people. He used these powers enthusiastically, imposing a severely repressive regime that was widely criticised by international human rights organisations. Supporters of the ousted Gamsakhurdia were vigorously targeted, especially in the pro-Gamsakhurdia region of [[Samegrelo]] in western Georgia, where the Mkhedrioni were accused of carrying out a number of [[extrajudicial killing]]s. There were also widespread allegations that Ioseliani and his supporters were systematically "taxing" businesses and individuals in areas under their control.

On August 29, 1995, Shevardnadze narrowly escaped assassination in a bomb attack. The attack was blamed on a shadowy coalition of "mafia forces" including Ioseliani and others. Ioseliani was detained in November 1998 and held for three years pending trial, then sentenced to 11 years for banditry, terrorism, and conspiring to kill Shevardnadze. He denied the charges and was eventually released in the spring of 2000 in a general amnesty of convicts. He suffered a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on February 26, 2003 and died in a [[Tbilisi]] hospital a week later. He is buried in the Pantheon of Didube, Tbilisi.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/mar/05/local/me-dzhaba5 Dzhaba Ioseliani, 76; Oft-Imprisoned Leader of Georgian Paramilitary Force] Los Angeles Times. March 5, 2003</ref>

== References==
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==External links==
*[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jaba-ioseliani-730149.html Jaba Ioseliani. Violent warlord in post-Communist Georgia] The Independent. 25 March 2003. (access on August 21. 2008)
*Александр КРЫЛОВ (Aleksandr Krylov) [http://www.novopol.ru/text6645.html Забытые уроки Джабы Иоселиани] (Forgetting lesson of Dzhaba Ioselani) НОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА (Novaya Politika - New Policy) March 6, 2006. (access on August 21. 2008) (In Russian)
*[http://bp3.blogger.com/__dQUpZS1eOk/R0K4mA2vn7I/AAAAAAAAAXs/pwKzMS600cY/s1600-h/Thomas+DworzakTbilisi.+Georgian+politician+(head+of+Mkhedrioni)+Djaba+IOSSELIANI+in+an+Orthodox+church.jpg Photograph of Jaba Ioseliani]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ioseliani, Jaba}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Shida Kartli]]
[[Category:Svan people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Rebels from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:People from Georgia (country) convicted of manslaughter]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Thieves in law]]
[[Category:Georgian bank robbers]]
[[Category:Mobsters from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]

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