Davidcannon: clean up, typo(s) fixed: chinese → Chinese, , → ,; Fixed citation parameter; ; Fixed unbalanced brackets using AWB

2015-11-29T11:39:32Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: chinese → Chinese, , → ,; Fixed citation parameter; ; Fixed unbalanced brackets using AWB

New page

:''For the ''tiger iris'', see [[Tigridia pavonia]].''
{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris tigridia
|image = Iris tigridia.JPG
|image caption = From Altai, Russia
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|sectio = ''Pseudoregelia''
|species = '''''Iris tigridia'''''
|binomial = ''Iris tigridia''
|binomial_authority = [[Alexander Andrejewitsch von Bunge|Bunge]] and [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour|Ledeb.]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
| Iris pandurata |Maxim.
| Iris tigridia var. tigridia | (Unknown)<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb. is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322490 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]]) |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
| Iris pygmaea | Pallas
| Iris pumilae affinis | Pallas
| Iris praecox | Pallas.<ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris tigridia Bunge |date=29 November 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecTigridia |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
}}}}
'''''Iris tigridia''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Pseudoregelia section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]]. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single (or rarely 2) flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.

==Description==
It has small compact rhizomes.<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=107}}</ref><ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 311 |url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028221 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref> Which are brown,<ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/ |publisher=irisbotanique.com |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> yellow or white, fibrous.<ref name=csdb>{{cite web |title=Coarse roots Iris Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb. |url=http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/chs_contents.aspx?CPNI=CPNI-252 |publisher=plants.csdb.cn |accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Underneath the rhizome are numerous fleshy, secondary roots,<ref name=british/> which are between 3 – 4 mm wide.<ref name=csdb/> On top of the rhizome are the dense, brown,<ref name=lesnoj>{{cite web |first=M.M. |last=Silanteva |title=IRIS TIGRIDIA BUNGE - IRIS (Iris) tiger |url=http://lesnoj-atlas.com/page/260/iris-tigridia-bunge-iris-kasatik-tigrovyy.html?group=2 |publisher=lesnoj-atlas.com |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=icc>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Juss. Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://www.icc.mn/Plants/eplant/pl100.htm |publisher=icc.mn |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Tiger Iris - Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://flower.onego.ru/other/iris/irie_cae.html |publisher=flower.onego.ru |accessdate=20 July 2015}}</ref> or dark brown,<ref name=gasu>{{cite web |first=I.A. |last=Damn |title=Plants, Rdb Altai Territory |url=http://e-lib.gasu.ru/konf/sssk/arhive/2006/01/R_3_3.html |publisher=e-lib.gasu.ru (Gorno-Altaisk State University) |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref> fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=red>{{cite web |first=V.M. |last=Doronkin |first2=A.G. |last2=Mans |title=Iris (Iris) tiger - Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://www.g-abs.ru/red/red/str/41%20Iris tigridia.htm |publisher=g-abs.ru |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref> It creates small tufted plants.<ref name=icc/><ref name=red/>

It has dark green,<ref name=csdb/> or greyish green leaves,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=red/> that can grow up to between {{convert|5|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and between 1.5 and 6 mm wide.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=gasu/><ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) |page=251}}</ref> At the time of flowering, they are {{convert|5|-|13|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/> and between 1.5 and 2 mm wide.<ref name=csdb/> They then elongate to the final height of up to 30 cm tall.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=csdb/> They are grass-like, they can be erect and linear,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> or slightly curved.<ref name=icc/><ref name=gasu/> They do not have a midvein,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> but have an acuminate apex (pointed) tip.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/><ref name=icc/> This form separates them from ''[[Iris potaninii]]''.<ref name=handbook/> In mild temperate areas, they are evergreen (lasting through the winter).<ref name=onego/>

It has a slender stem,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> that can grow up to between {{convert|3|-|15|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris tigridia |date=10 October 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-tigridia |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=126 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref> Sometimes, the stem seems to only just appear above ground.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>

The stem has 2,<ref name=gasu/> yellow-green, (scarious) membranous, [[Bract#Spathe|spathes]] (leaves of the flower bud).<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/>
They are lanceolate and between {{convert|3|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=icc/> with a pointed tip.<ref name=csdb/>

The stems hold 1, (or rarely 2,<ref name=European/>) terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April and May,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=handbook/> normally in May.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/>

The flowers are {{convert|3.5|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=british/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=csdb/> come in shades of violet,<ref name=british/><ref name=irisbotanique/> dark blue,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=European/><ref name=aril>{{cite web| title=Aril irises S-Z| date=14 April 2014 | url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/ArilIrises | publisher= pacificbulbsociety.org | accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> blue-purple,<ref name=onego/><ref name=gasu/><ref name=handbook/> dark purple,<ref name=red/> mauve,<ref name=american/><ref name=stebbings>{{cite book |last=Stebbings |first=Geoff |year=1997|title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises |url= |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David and Charles |page=16 |isbn=0715305395 }}</ref> lilac,<ref name=american/><ref name=European/> lavender,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/><ref name=aril/> or light purple.<ref name=efloras/> The flowers have darker spots, veining or mottling.<ref name=gasu/><ref name=red/><ref name=European/>

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref> The falls are
obovate, and {{convert|3|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=icc/> and 1-1.5 cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> It has in the centre of the petal, is a white patch,<ref name=European/> and a beard,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=onego/><ref name=gasu/> with blue-white,<ref name=british/> or white hairs,<ref name=aril/> tipped with yellow,<ref name=american/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=European/> or yellow hairs.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>
The erect,<ref name=british/> or tilting outwards,<ref name=csdb/> standards are oblanceolate,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> and {{convert|2.5|-|3|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 0.4-0.7 cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> They are darker shade than the falls.<ref name=british/>

It has a 5 mm long [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]],<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> and 2 cm long [[perianth|perianth tube]],<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=handbook/> that widens out at the top.<ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/>

It has 2.3-2.5 cm long [[Stigma (botany)#Style|styles]],<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> that have triangular crests.<ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/> It has blue [[pollen]],<ref name=british/> and a long, green [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]], that is up to 1.2 cm long.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> It has 1.5 cm long stamens.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>

After the iris has flowered, between June and July,<ref name=onego/> or up to August,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> it produces an ovoid,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> or fusiform (spindle shaped),<ref name=onego/><ref name=red/> seed capsule. That is between {{convert|2.5|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/><ref name=icc/> and 1.5–2 cm in diameter.<ref name=csdb/> It has a beak like top, attached to the remains of the perianth tube.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> Inside the capsule are roundish,<ref name=british/> or pear shaped (pyriform), seeds.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>
They have a creamy,<ref name=british/> or yellowish white aril (appendage).<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>

===Biochemistry===
In 2003, a study was carried out on the chromosome sequencing of various Irises from the Siberian region of central Asia. They sequenced the [[RuBisCO|rbcL gene]] from some Siberian Iris species belonging to different subgenera including, ''[[Iris halophila]]'', ''[[Iris ludwigii]]'', ''[[Iris uniflora]]'', ''[[Iris pseudacorus]]'' and ''[[Iris laevigata]]''. Their results supported [[Brian Mathew]]’s classification from 1989. That ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', ''[[Iris humilis]]'', ''[[Iris ivanovae]]'', ''Iris tigridia'', and ''[[Iris glaucescens]]'' form a cluster.<ref name=phlogenetic>{{cite journal |last=Makarevitch |first=Irina |last2=Golovnina |first2=Kseniya |last3=Scherbik |first3=Svetlana |last4=Blinov |first4=Alexander |date=2003 |title=Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Siberian Iris Species Inferred From Noncoding Chloroplast Dna Sequences |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/249158477_Phylogenetic_Relationships_of_the_Siberian_Iris_Species_Inferred_from_Noncoding_Chloroplast_DNA_Sequences |journal=Int. J. Plant Sci. |publisher=The University of Chicago |volume=164 |issue=2 |pages=229–237 |doi= |accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref>

In 2011, a chromosome and [[karyotype]] analysis study was carried out on the rhizomes of ''Iris tigridia''. It found that the chromosome number of Iris tigridia was 2n=18.<ref name=casb>{{cite journal |last=Xiaoying |first=Bi |last2=Zhiwei |first2=Zhao |last3= Yang |first3=Zheng |last4=Dongsheng |first4=Li |date=2011 |title=Staining and Slide-preparing Technique of Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis of Iris tigridia |url=http://www.casb.org.cn/PublishRoot/casb/2011/13/2010-3585.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin |publisher= |volume=27 |issue=13 |pages=157–160 |doi= |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>
It has been counted several times. Including by [[Vladimir M. Doronkin|Doronkin]] in 1984.<ref name=american/>
It has been counted as 2n=18,<ref name=casb/> 20,<ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/> 22,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/><ref name=pacific/> 24,<ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/> 28,<ref name=pacific/> 32,<ref name=pacific/> 34,<ref name=american/> 38,<ref name=british/><ref name=pacific/> and 40.<ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/>

== Taxonomy==
It is written as 粗根鸢尾 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]] and known as ''cu gen yuan wei'' in [[Pidgin]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?413660 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref>

It is also commonly known as 'thick-root iris' in China.<ref name=grin/> or 'coarse roots iris'.<ref name=csdb/>
In Russia, it is commonly known as 'tiger Iris'.<ref name=csdb/><ref name=oopt>{{cite web |title=Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://oopt.aari.ru/bio/43062 |publisher=oopt.aari.ru |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=innature>{{cite web |title=Red Book (Flora) 2 |url=http://innature.kz/viewpage.php?page_id=383 |publisher=innature.kz |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>

It is known as 'Bartsooxor tsaxildag' in Mongolian.<ref name=Palatability>{{cite web |title=Palatability Of Mongolian Rangeland Plants, Circular of Information No. 3 |date=December 2005 |publisher=Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center |url=http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/3087/Palatability%20of%20Mongolian%20Rangeland%20Plants.pdf.txt?sequence=3 |accessdate=20 January 2015}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''tigridia'' refers to 'tigris' or tiger-like. This refers to the colour marking of the perianth,<ref>D. Gledhill {{Google books|NJ6PyhVuecwC|The Names of Plants|page=390}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A.W. |last2=Stearn |first2=William T. |date=1972 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 | title= A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names | publisher=Cassell and Company | page=314 | isbn=0304937215}}</ref> or the rather motley coloured flower of the iris.<ref name=gasu/>

It was first published and described (written in [[Latin]]) by [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour]] and [[Alexander Andrejewitsch von Bunge]] in 'Flora Altaica' Vol.1 on page 60 in 1829.<ref>Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, [[Carl Anton von Meyer|Karl Anton Meyer]] and Alexander von Bunge {{Google books|uUo-AAAAcAAJ|Flora Altaica: Classis 1 - 5, Volume 1 (1829) |page=60}}</ref><ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris tigridia Bunge | url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439185-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=kew>{{cite web |title=Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 60 (1829) |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=322490 |publisher=apps.kew.org |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>

It was then published by Ledebour in 'Icones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum Floram rossicam' (Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross.) tab. 342. in 1830 (or 1833,<ref name=csdb/>) with a colour illustration,<ref name=american/> then by [[Karl Maximovich|Maxim]] in the 'Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences St Petersburg' (Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb.) Vol.26 on page530 in 1880 and by [[Charles Henry Wright|C.H. Wright]] in the 'Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany' (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.) Vol.36 on page 85 in 1903.

It was once placed with ''[[Iris potaninii]]'' and ''[[Iris pumila]]'' in the Pogoniris group,<ref name=handbook/> before being re-classified as in the ''Pseudoregelia section''.

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 19 May 1999, then updated on 1 December 2004.<ref name=grin/>

It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]].<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris cuniculiformis |url=http://eol.org/pages/2898094/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate= 17 August 2015}}</ref>

''Iris tigridia'' is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]], it was last listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iris tigridia |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/20970/Iris-tigridia/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[native plant|native]] to temperate Asia.<ref name=aril/><ref name=grin/><ref name=eol/>

It is [[endemic]] to the north-east Asia,<ref name=red/> from the Altai mountain range and Siberia to Manchuria in China.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=kew/>

===Range===
It is found in Russia,<ref name=csdb/><ref name=signa/><ref name=pacific/> within the Russian states of [[Aga-Buryat]], [[Buryatia]],<ref name=onego/> [[Chita Oblast|Chita]],<ref name=onego/> [[Chukchi Peninsula|Chukchi]], [[Gorno-Altay]], [[Irkutsk Oblast|Irkutsk]], [[Magadan Oblast|Magadan]], [[Tuva]],<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=onego/><ref name=red/> and [[Sakha Republic|Yakutia (Sakha)]].<ref name=grin/> Including the [[Altai mountains]],<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=ipni/><ref>M.S. Mani {{Google books|NHvoCAAAQBAJ|Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects|page=358}}</ref> [[Altai Republic]],<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=red/>
and [[Transbaikal|Trans-Baikal]] region.<ref name=onego/>

Within middle Asia, it is found in Mongolia,<ref name=csdb/><ref name=stebbings/><ref>P.D. Gunin, Elizabeth A. Vostokova, Nadezhda I. Dorofeyuk, Pavel E. Tarasov, Clanton C. Black (Editors) {{Google books |USf2CAAAQBAJ|Vegetation Dynamics of Mongolia|page=185}}</ref>(in the territories of [[Khövsgöl Nuur|Khubsugul]], Khentei, [[Khangai, Arkhangai|Khangai]], Mongol-Daurian and Middle Khalkha,<ref name=icc/>) and in Kazakhstan.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=grin/>

It is also found in China,<ref name=onego/><ref name=signa/><ref name=pacific/> within the [[Provinces of China|provinces]] of [[Gansu]], [[Heilongjiang]],<ref name=csdb/> [[Jilin]],<ref name=csdb/> [[Liaoning]],<ref name=csdb/> [[Nei Monggol]],<ref name=csdb/> [[Qinghai]], [[Shanxi]],<ref name=csdb/> and [[Sichuan]].<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=grin/><ref name=eol/>

It is listed with ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', ''[[Iris glaucescens]]'', ''[[Iris ruthenica]]'', ''[[Iris sibirica]]'', ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]'' and ''[[Iris psammocola]]'' (another ''Pseudoregelia Iris'') as being found in the [[Altai-Sayan region]] (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).<ref>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion |url=http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/regnum/eng/species_all.php?right=box-spec-p/iris.php |publisher=bioaltai-sayan.ru |accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref>

===Habitat===
It grows in (rocky or gravelly) screes,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=onego/><ref name=greif>{{cite web |title=Scientific name:Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?flora_search=taxon&taxon_id=2068 |publisher=greif.uni-greifswald.de |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> on the dry hillsides (or slopes),<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=icc/><ref name=red/> in dunes,<ref name=eol/> in sandy meadows or grasslands,<ref name=csdb/><ref name=gasu/><ref name=eol/> in steppes,<ref name=icc/><ref name=onego/><ref name=greif/> and beside forest margins.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/>

They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=onego/><ref name=red/>

==Conservation==
It is listed as 'rare' in Russia,<ref>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> only single specimens are found.<ref name=onego/>
It is also rare in Mongolia.<ref name=icc/>

It is listed in the [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation]],<ref name=red/><ref name=oopt/> the Data Book of the Altai Republic,<ref name=oopt/> (or Territory),<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=red/> of USSR,<ref name=red/><ref name=oopt/> of the Tuva Republic,<ref name=red/><ref name=oopt/> and the Republic of [[Khakassia]],<ref name=red/><ref name=oopt/> and of Kazakhstan.<ref name=innature/>

It is found in [[Dauria]] and Sokhondinsky State Biosphere Reserve (in Chita).<ref name=oopt/>

==Cultivation==
It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to Zone H3 in Europe.<ref name=European/> Meaning that it is hardy to -10 to -15oC (14 to 5oF).<ref>{{cite web |title=Plant Hardiness |url=http://theseedsite.co.uk/hardiness.html |publisher=theseedsite.co |accessdate=3 August 2015}}</ref> In non-hardy areas, it can be grown in an [[alpine house]] or [[bulb frame]].<ref name=cassidy/> Due to the fact that the plant needs to be protected from winter moisture.<ref name=onego/>

It has been tested for hardiness in Russia, in the botanical gardens of [[Barnaul]] (The South-Siberian Botanical Garden), [[Novosibirsk]] (Central Siberian Botanical Garden), [[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]] (Trans-Baikal Botanical Garden) and [[Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden]]. Only in St. Petersburg, it was found to be not hardy.<ref name=onego/>

It can be grown in well drained soils, in a sunny position.<ref name=onego/><ref name=cassidy/>

It can be grown in a rock garden.<ref name=onego/><ref name=handbook/>

It is thought best planted between August and September.<ref name=handbook/>

===Propagation===
It can be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]] or by seed growing. It can only be divided, when the plant makes new side-shoots.<ref name=lesnoj/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
Several cultivars have been introduced including;
* ‘Violet Peafowl’ (purple)
* ‘Starry Diamond’ (violet blue)
* ‘Rainbow in May’ (purple-pink)
* ‘Bright Vitas’ (blue).
All 4 cultivars are between 12 cm to 14 cm tall, flower between April and May, are hardy, drought tolerant and salt tolerant.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Luo |first=Gang-Jun |last2=Bi |first2=Xiao-Ying |last3=Meng |first3=Tong-Fei |last4=Zheng |first4=Yang |last5=Xu |first5=Wen-Ji |last6=Lei |first6=Jia-Jun |date=2014 |title=New Iris tigridia Cultivars ‘Violet Peafowl’, ‘Starry Diamond’，‘Rainbow in May’ and ‘Bright Vitas’ |url=http://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract4620.shtml |journal=Acta Horticulturae Sinica |publisher= |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=2163–2164 |doi= |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Murrain |title=Perks of the "job" |date=12 August 2013 |url=http://theamericanirissociety.blogspot.co.uk/2013_08_01_archive.html |publisher=theamericanirissociety.blogspot.co.uk |accessdate=21 August 2015}}</ref>
* 'Medianite' (a lilac and pink form, but lost in cultivation)<ref name=american/>

''Iris tigridia var. fortis'' (Y. T. Zhao) is listed as a variant from (Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi) in China. It grows {{convert|10|-|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall, with violet flowers.<ref name=signa/><ref name=pacific/>

==Toxicity==
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.<ref>David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}}</ref>

==Uses==
It is used in gardens, also in herbal medicines,<ref name=icc/> and as a [[fodder]] plant for farm animals.<ref name=icc/><ref name=Palatability/>

It has been eaten by cattle and horses, at most times of the year. It is also consumed by goats but it is thought to be an undesirable food source.<ref name=Palatability/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Other sources===
* Fedtsch, B. 1935 Kom Fl URSS 4, 549.
* Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
* Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977–. Flora intramongolica.
* Lineam, Kitagawa 1939 Fl Mansh 149.
* Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
* Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 68.
* Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
* Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
* Liu Ying, Liu 1936 Chinese Journal of Botany Vol.3 Issue 2 page 947

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Iris tigridia}}
* [http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/20838.html Has several images of the iris growing in Russia]
* [http://www.edgewoodgardens.net/plants_album/the%20plants%20-%20%20complete%20collection/iridaceae/Iris/Subgen%20Iris%20Sect%20Pseudoregelia/I%20tigridia/slides/Iris%20tigridia%200005.html Has a large image of the iris]
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris tigridia}}

{{Clear}}
{{Iris subg. Iris}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|tigridia]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Flora of Siberia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1829]]

Iris tigridia - Revision history

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Davidcannon: clean up, typo(s) fixed: chinese → Chinese, , → ,; Fixed citation parameter; ; Fixed unbalanced brackets using AWB

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