Rjwilmsi: /* Biochemistry */Journal cites:, added 1 PMID using AWB (12150)

2017-04-02T09:28:38Z

‎Biochemistry: Journal cites:, added 1 PMID using AWB (12150)

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{{italic title}}{{Taxobox
|name = ''Iris tenuifolia''
|image = Iris tenuifolia; Baikonur 005.jpg
|image caption = flower head of Iris tenuifolia in Kazakhstan.
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]''
|series=''[[Iris series Tenuifoliae]]''
|species = '''''I. tenuifolia'''''
|binomial = ''Iris tenuifolia''
|binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pall]]
| synonyms = {{species list
|Cryptobasis tenuifolia |(Pall.) Nevski
|Iris acaulis |Pall.
|Iris regelii | Maxim. ex Regel
|Joniris tenuifolia |(Pall.) Klatt
|Neubeckia tenuifolia |(Pall.) Alef.
|Xiphion tenuifolium |(Pall.) Schrank }}<ref name=plantlist>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. is an accepted name |date=23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322290 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]]) |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>
}}
'''''Iris tenuifolia''''' is a beardless [[iris (plant)|iris]] in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', in the subgenus ''[[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]'' and in the ''[[Iris series Tenuifoliae|Tenuifoliae series]]'' of the species. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from a wide region over central Asia, including [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], (the former [[Soviet Union]] republics of); [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Mongolia]] and in [[China]]. It has long greyish-green leaves, short stem and pale violet, lilac, pale blue, or purple flowers.

==Description==
[[File:Iris tenuifolia; Baikonur 004.jpg|thumb]]
Iris tenuifolia is very similar in form to the [[Mediterranean]] ''[[Iris unguicularis]]''. As they both have very small stems and the seed capsules are often hidden within the leaves of the plant.<ref name=dykesonirises/>

It has a dark brown, thin, short, knobbly, tough, wood-like rhizomes.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora>{{cite web |first=V.L. | last=Komarov | year=1935 | title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV |publisher=archive.org | url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt |accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> Underneath, it has a network of fibrous roots.<ref name=swewe/>
On top of the rhizome, at the base of the leaves, are the brown or red-brown, fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves. Which act as sheaths, for the new leaves.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification(2011) |page=259}}</ref> The sheaths can be up to {{convert|6|-|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/>

It can be either a single plant or can grow into thick clumps of plants.<ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=knigi/>

It has greyish-green, linear, twisted, leaves, that can grow between {{convert|20|-|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.5–2 mm wide.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=European/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=hort/><ref name=onego/>
They do not have a mid-vein but paralled veins,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/> and are acuminate (ending in a point).<ref name=ussrflora/>
They continue to grow after blooming, and can end up as a mass of twisted leaves.<ref name=hort/>

The leaves are longer than the flowering stems.<ref name=ussrflora/>

It has a very short flowering stem or [[Scape (botany)|scape]], {{convert|10|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=European/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=onego/><ref name=rainbow/><ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapitre II iris a touffe et autre (partie2) |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-ii-iris-a-touffe-et-autre-partie1-106517062.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |accessdate=20 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref>
Although, sometimes the stems do not emerge above ground.<ref name=efloras/>

It has 2 to 4, pointed (acuminate), [[Biological membrane|membranous]], green, between {{convert|5|-|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 8–10 mm wide, [[spathe]]s (leaves of the flower bud).<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=European/>

The stems hold normally 1–3, terminal (top of stem) flowers,<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=European/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=onego/><ref name=rainbow/> blooming in spring, between April and May,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=hort/><ref name=irisbotanique/> or late as earl June (in Russia).<ref name=onego/>

The scented flowers,<ref name=ussrflora/> are {{convert|4|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=European/> and come in shades of pale violet,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=pacific/> lilac,<ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=rainbow/><ref name=pacific/> pale blue,<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=onego/><ref name=rainbow/><ref name=irisbotanique/> or purple.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=onego/><ref name=rainbow/><ref name=irisbotanique/>
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]], known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin/> The falls are spatulate (spoon shaped) or obovate-lanceolate,<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/> {{convert|4.5|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=European/> They have a thin central yellow crest or mid-vein, dark veins (on a pale colour), and a band of papillose (or small hairs).<ref name=efloras/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=pacific/>
The narrower, oblanceolate, erect standards are {{convert|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 5–9 mm wide.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/>

It has a long, slender thread-like, perianth tube, {{convert|4.5|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=European/><ref name=onego/>

It has 3 single coloured, style branches, {{convert|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 4–5 mm wide.<ref name=efloras/> They [[attenuate]] (narrow slightly) and at the tips, are toothed.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/>

It has a slender 3–4 mm long pedicel,<ref name=ussrflora/> {{convert|3|cm|0|abbr=on}} long Stamens and a cylindric {{convert|7|-|12|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 2 mm wide, Ovary.<ref name=efloras/>

After the iris has flowered, between late July and early August (in Russia),<ref name=onego/> or between August and September (in China). It produces an ovoid or sub-globose, {{convert|3.2-4.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.2-1.8|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide, seed capsule. It has short beak-like appendage on the top.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=hort/><ref name=onego/>

The seeds are oval (or turbinate – like a top) shaped, wrinkled and black-brown to brown.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=onego/>

Often, the seed capsule is hidden by the long leaves.<ref name=dykesonirises/>

===Biochemistry===
In February 1997, a study was published in which 6 new [[flavanone]]s, isolated from the rhizomes of ''Iris tenuifolia'', using high resolution [[mass spectrometry]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Kojima |first=Keisuke |last2= Gombosurengyin |first2= Purevsuren |last3= Ondognyi |first3= Purev |last4= Begzsurengyin |first4=Dagvatseren |last5= Zevgeegyin |first5= Oyun |last6= Hatano |first6= Keiichiro |last7=Ogihara |first7= Yukio |date= February 1997 |title=Flavanones from Iris tenuifolia |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942296005961 |journal=Phytochemistry |publisher=Elsevier Ltd. |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=711–714 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00596-1 |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref>

In 2005, it was noted that the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia are the source of the largest number of new 2’-O-substituted simple [[flavanone]]s within a single species.<ref>{{cite book |first=Oyvind M. |last=Andersen |first2=Kenneth R. |last2=Markham |title=Flavonoids: chemistry, biochemistry, and applications. |date=9 December 2005 |publisher=CRC Press |url=http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849320217 |isbn= 9780849320217 |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref>

Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and ''[[Iris halophila]]''. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The irises have been used in various tradition herbal remedy’s, such as traditional Mongolian herb medicine and [[Uighur]] herb medicine.<ref name=metapop>{{cite web |title=Hui Wang (PhD) http://www.metapop.univ-montp2.fr/?page_id=532 |publisher=metapop.univ-montp2.fr |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>

In 2008, several chemical compounds were extracted from ''Iris tenuifolia''. These included; 'izalpinin', 'alpinone', 'arborinone', 'irilin B', 'irisone A', 'irisone B', 'betavulgarin', 'beta-sitosterol' '5,7-dihydroxy-2', '6-dimethoxy-isoflavone' , 2',5-dihdroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanone, 'irisoid A' and 'ethyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside'. Also 2 new compounds were found, ''tenuifodione'' and ''tenuifone''. All found using [[spectroscopic]] methods.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Choudhary |first=Muhammad Iqbal |last2=Hareem |first2=Sumaira |last3=Siddiqui |first3=Hina |last4=Anjum |first4=Shazia |last5=Ali |first5=Shamsher |last6=Zaidi |first6=Mudassir Israr |date=1 June 2008 |title=A benzil and isoflavone from Iris tenuifolia. |url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/18472117 |journal=Phytochemistry |publisher=sigmaaldrich.com |volume=69 |issue=9 |pages=1880–1885 |doi= 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.03.011|accessdate=28 January 2015 |pmid=18472117}}</ref>

In 2011, 2 flavans and a flavanone, were extracted from the rhizomes of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and then tested against [[stem cell]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cui |first=Yan-Mei |last2=Wang |first2=Hui |last3=Liu |first3=Quan-Ru |last4=Han |first4=Mei |last5=Lu |first5=Yang |last6=Zhao |first6=Chang-Qi |date=17 August 2011 |title=Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and their effects on β-amyloid aggregation and neural stem cells proliferation in vitro. |url=http://www.pubfacts.com/detail/21737268/Flavans-from-Iris-tenuifolia-and-their-effects-on-%CE%B2-amyloid-aggregation-and-neural-stem-cells-proli |journal=Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. |publisher= |volume=21 |issue=15 |pages=4400–4403 |accessdate=28 January 2015 |doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.039}}</ref>

In 2012, a genetic study was carried out on ''[[Iris laevigata]]'' and several of its closely related iris species, including ''[[Iris ensata]]'', ''[[Iris setosa]]'', ''[[Iris halophila]]'', ''[[Iris scariosa]]'', ''[[Iris potaninii]]'', ''Iris tenuifolia'', ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', and ''[[Iris sanguinea]]''.
<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sun |first=Ming-Zhou |last2=Li |first2=Ming-Rui |last3=Shi |first3=Feng-Xue |last4=Li |first4=Lin |last5=Liu |first5=Ying |last6=Li |first6=Lin-Feng |last7=Xiao |first7=Hong-Xing |date=July 2012 |title=Genomic and EST-derived microsatellite markers for Iris laevigata (Iridaceae) and other congeneric species |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/99/7/e286.full |journal=American Journal of Botany |publisher= |volume=99 |issue=7 |pages=286–288 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1100608 |accessdate=5 May 2015 |pmid=22739712}}</ref>

In 2014, the characteristics of phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptation of ''Iris tenuifolia'' from various habitats in [[Xinjiang]], China, were studied.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lu |first=Zhuo |last2=Guan |first2=Kai-Yun |last3=Li |first3=Wen-Jun |last4=Duan |first4=Shi-Min |date=2014 |title=Phenotypic plasticity and biomass allocation of Iris tenuifolia Pall. in different habitats. |url=http://www.cje.net.cn/EN/abstract/abstract6909.shtml |journal=Chinese Journal of Ecology |publisher=Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=618–623 |doi= |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]]. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite web| first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| pages=274–275 | url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=worldtracker.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref>
It has a chromosome count: 2n=14<ref name=efloras/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Wang |first=Yan Limei |last2=Wei |first2=Yan Sha |date=January 1999 |title=Karyotype Analysis in Iris Tenuifolia |url= |journal=Journal of Qiqihar University (Natural Science Edition) |publisher=Qiqihar University |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate= 28 January 2015}}</ref>

== Taxonomy==
It is written as 细叶鸢尾 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]] and known as ''xi ye yuan wei'' in [[Pinyin]] Chinese.<ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 305 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id= 200028220 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=fabaceae>{{cite web |title=中国豆科植物在线 (chinese name) |url=http://fabaceae.onlineflora.cn/taxonomy/term/12959 |publisher=fabaceae.onlineflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title= Taxon: Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20429 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''tenuifolia'' comes from the almagamtion of two Latin words ''tenuis'' meaning 'fine or thin' and ''folia'' mean ''leaf''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A.W. |last2=Stearn |first2=William T. |date=1972 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 | title= A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names | publisher=Cassell and Company | pages=68–69 | isbn=0304937215}}</ref>

It has the common names of ''Egeria Iris''<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe>{{cite web |title=Egeria Iris |url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris |publisher=tl.swewe.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sect. Limniris Tausch |url=http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Sect. Limniris |publisher=frps.eflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> Note; 'Egeria' means water buffaloes or cows pulling (in China).<ref name=fabaceae/> Another common name is ''narrow leafed iris'',<ref name=mongolmed>{{cite journal |last=Sarantsetseg |first=B. |last2=Ambaga |first2=M. |last3=Khürelbaatar |first3=L. |date=2001 |title=Narrow-leaf iris (Iris tenuifolia) kidney protection activity |url= http://www.mongolmed.mn/article/1189 |journal=Mongolian Medicine |publisher=Mongolian Association of Medical journals |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> or ''fine leaved iris'',<ref name=exhibition>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref> or ''slender-leaf iris'',<ref name=grin/> or ''silk leaves Iris''.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=pan/>

It was published and described by [[Peter Simon Pallas]] in ''Reise Russ. Reich.'' Vol.3 page714 in 1776.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439173-1|publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>

It was introduced to Russia in 1812, and was noted as growing in the front garden of Mr. A. Razumovsky near [[Moscow]].<ref name=exhibition>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

It was later published with an illustration in [[The Gardeners' Chronicle]] 3rd. Series Vol.59 page196 on 8 April 1916.<ref name=america>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(Spec) Iris tenuifolia Pall. |date=30 November 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecTenuifolia |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society) |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.<ref name=grin/>

As of January 2015, it is listed as a ''tentativily accepted'' name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9383/Iris-tenuifolia/Details |publisher=rhs.org.uk |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Iris tenuifolia; Baikonur 003.jpg|thumb|Iris tenuifolia on the left bank of [[Syr-Darya]] river in Kazakhstan]]
''Iris tenuifolia'' is [[native plant|native]] to a wide region, of various [[temperateness|temperate]] areas of Central [[Asia]].<ref name=grin/><ref name=rhs/>
Which extends from the [[Volga]] through [[Turkestan]] into [[Mongolia]],<ref name=handbook/> and China.

===Range===
It is found in the western Asian countries of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=grin/>

In the middle Asian countries of (the former [[Soviet Union]] republics of); [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Mongolia]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=hort/><ref name=onego/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=grin/>
Also found in regions of Russia, including [[Agin-Buryat Okrug]], [[Bashkortostan]], [[Chelyabinsk]], Chita and [[Siberia]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=hort/><ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=grin/>

It is listed with ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', ''[[Iris humilis]]'', ''[[Iris ruthenica]]'', ''[[Iris sibirica]]'' and ''[[Iris tigridia]]'' as being found in the [[Altai-Sayan region]] (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).<ref>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion |url=http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/regnum/eng/species_all.php?right=box-spec-p/iris.php |publisher=bioaltai-sayan.ru |accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref>

It is found within central China,<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=hort/><ref name=onego/><ref name=pacific/> in the [[Provinces of China|provinces]] of [[Gansu]], [[Hebei]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Jilin]], [[Liaoning]], [[Nei Mongol]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], ([[Shangdong]]<ref name=efloras/>), [[Shanxi]], [[Xinjiang]] and [[Xizang]].<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=grin/>

One reference mentions Turkey.<ref name=swewe/> One reference mentions Iran.<ref name=hort/> Since most others do not mention these countries, they are not regarded as valid.

===Habitat===
It is grown in semi-desert, desert or mild mountainous areas.<ref name=rainbow/>

On sandy [[steppe]]s, on dunes, beside sandy riverine grasslands or river banks, on dry coastal sand regions, on gravelly desert-like slopes and in the crevices of rocks.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=ussrflora/><ref name=knigi/><ref name=onego/><ref name=rainbow/>

It is also grown at altitudes of 1000 to 4200m above sea level.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=swewe/><ref name=knigi/><ref name=irisbotanique/>

In north east China, it is found growing on poor soils on open tree-less plains.<ref name=hort/>

==Conservation==
In 2003, it was listed as an endemic [[vascular]] species of the temperate [[steppe]] region of [[Inner Mongolia]], China, along with ''[[Stipa grandis]]'', ''[[Artemisia frigida]]'', ''[[Festuca ovina]]'', ''[[Thymus serpyllum]]'', ''[[Caragana microphylla]]'', ''[[Koeleria cristata]]'' and others.<ref name=forest>Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editor){{Google books|VmtPnUbH-uIC|Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia (2003)| page=80}}</ref>

It is included in the [[IUCN]] 'Red Data Book' of the [[Chita Oblast]] of 2002, listed as 'rare'. It is now protected in Dauria and Khopyor reserves.<ref name=exhibition/>

==Cultivation==
''Iris tenuifolia'' is rare in cultivation in the UK.<ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.|last2=Linnegar |first2=Sidney |date=1987 |edition=Revised |title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley |publisher=Christopher Helm | page=139 |isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref><ref name=blight>Samuel Hereman {{Google books|D6tWAAAAcAAJ|Blight on flowers; or figures and descriptions of the insects infesting the flower garden (1840)|page=142}}</ref> It is rare in cultivation in the US as well.<ref name=hort>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Murrain |title=Subject: Iris tenuifolia |date=3 June 2010 |url=https://www.hort.net/lists/iris-species/jun10/msg00026.html |publisher=hort.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref>

They are more grown by specialised collectors or for scientific and research purposes.<ref name=swewe/><ref name=hort/>

It was sometimes used as [[annual plant]] and only planted during the summer (in the UK, in 1800s).<ref name=blight/>

It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]], if sited in a northern continental climate. Similar to Nebraska, North Dakota or South Dakota.<ref name=hort/> It is hardy in parts of Russia. It has been grown in Moscow, St Petersburg and [[Chita Oblast|Chita]].<ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Subgenus Tenuifolia (Tenuifolia) - fine-leaved irises |url=http://flower.onego.ru/other/iris/iris_ten.html |publisher=flower.onego.ru |accessdate=22 January 2015}}</ref>

It prefers sandy or sandy loam soils, similar to the desert habitat.<ref name=swewe/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=rainbow>{{cite web |title=Rainbow |date=9 December 2014 |url=http://wdtns.ru/?p=586 |publisher=wdtns.ru |accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref> It prefers alkaline soils.<ref name=knigi>{{cite web |title=Subgenus Tenuifolia (Tenuifolia) - fine-leaved iris |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/64/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref>

They prefer positions in full sun.<ref name=knigi/>

It needs to be kept dry during winter, needing the protection of [[bulb frame]]s (in the UK). It only needs water during the growing period.<ref name=cassidy/>
The plant loses its foliage during the winter, as it is removed by the forces of wind, snow and other bad weather conditions. It then re-grows leaves, in April and May.<ref name=hort/>

It has high drought and heat tolerance (desert-like conditions).<ref name=knigi/><ref name=hort/><ref name=rainbow/>

==Propagation==
The seed of Iris tenuifolia is rarely used by western horticulturists, as the plants rarely flower.<ref name=hort/> [[William Rickatson Dykes]] notes that it ''made no satisfactory growth'' and never flowered.<ref name=dykesonirises>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |title=Dykes on Iris |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/dykes%20on%20irises%20-%20part1.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=21 November 2014}}</ref>

In other flowering regions, the seed can be harvested in autumn, washed, fresh or dried.<ref name=swewe/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
Due to its high drought and heat resistance, it could be useful in breeding purposes.<ref name=onego/><ref name=exhibition/>

==Uses==
In 2001, a study was carried to monitor the effects of the iris, within a herbal remedy for [[kidney]] protection was carried out.<ref name=mongolmed/>

The Iris genus has been used as a traditional folk medicine, used to treat a variety of diseases, such as [[cancer]], inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.<ref name=patent>{{cite web |title=Extract from Iris tenuifolia, preparation method and application thereof |url=http://www.google.com/patents/CN101716262B?cl=en |publisher=google.com |accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> It was found that compounds isolated from ''[[Iris germanica]]'' have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malarial parasite and anti-TB and other positive effects.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rahman |first=A.U. |last2=Nasim |first2=S. |last3=Baig |first3=I. |last4=Jalil |first4=S. |last5=Orhan |first5=I. |last6=Sener |first6=B. |last7=Choudhary |first7=M.I. |date=June 2003 |title=Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |publisher= |volume=86 |issue=2–3 |pages=177–180 |doi= 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00055-2|pmid=12738083}}</ref>

The roots, seeds and flowers of the iris, are used as ingredients in herbal medicines. They have been used as [[tocolysis]] (also called anti-contraction medications or labor represents) and to treat [[fetal]] [[metrorrhagia]].<ref name=swewe>{{cite web|title=Egeria Iris |url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris |publisher=tl.swewe.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref>

On 24 December 2009, a [[patent]] was granted, for the extraction of ''Iris tenuifolia''. Due to its chemical compounds being used in the treatment of [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name=patent/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Other sources==
*Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
*Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:175.
*Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
*Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 123–124.
*Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
*Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
*Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

{{Commons category-inline|Iris tenuifolia}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris tenuifolia}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|tenuifolia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1776]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]
[[Category:Flora of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]

Iris tenuifolia - Revision history

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