Rjwilmsi: /* Biochemistry */Journal cites, added 1 PMID using AWB (12142)

2017-01-23T12:49:57Z

‎Biochemistry: Journal cites, added 1 PMID using AWB (12142)

New page

{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris scariosa
|image = Iris scariosa curtis botanical garden image.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|species = '''''Iris scariosa'''''
|binomial = ''Iris scariosa''
|binomial_authority = [[Karl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]] ex [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
|Iris astrachanica |Rodion.
|Iris biflora |Falk [Illegitimate]
|Iris elongata |Fisch. ex Baker
|Iris eulefeldii |Regel
|Iris pumila var. scariosa |(Willd. ex Link) Schmalh.
|Iris scariosa var. eulefeldii |(Regel) Maxim.
<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link is an accepted name
|date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322355 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]]) |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>}}
}}
'''''Iris scariosa''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from the mountainsides of [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]]. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi-transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and ''[[Iris glaucescens]]'' became a synonym of ''Iris scariosa'', before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it the main species, despite a slight colour difference.

==Description==
It is similar in form to ''[[Iris pumila]]''.<ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Bearded Irises (IRIS) Sem. Kasatikovye |url=http://flower.onego.ru/other/iris/iris_ir.html |publisher=flower.onego.ru |accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref>

It has a yellow-white,<ref name=flph>{{cite web |title=Iris scariosa |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Irisscariosa |publisher=flph.org |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> thick, fleshy rhizome,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 310 |url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028211 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> that is between {{convert|1.2|-|2.2|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter I Rhizomatous Iris (part 2) |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-i-les-iris-rhizomateux-partie-2-105950846.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |accessdate=14 September 2015}}</ref> Under the rhizome are secondary stolon-like roots.<ref name=irisbotanique/> On top of the rhizome, are the yellow-white,<ref name=flph/> fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR>{{cite web|first=V.L. | last=Komarov | year=1935 | title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV | publisher=archive.org | url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt | accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> The creeping habit of the ground covering rhizomes,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/> makes small tufts of plants.<ref name=telp>{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Waters |title=A Hybridizer's Guide to Bearded Species |date=October 2010 |url=http://www.telp.com/irises/species.htm |publisher=telp.com |accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref>

It has ensiform (sword-shaped),<ref name=flph/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=51}}</ref> sub-lanceolate,<ref name=USSR/> or falcate (sickle-shaped),<ref name=onego/><ref name=efloras/> blue-grey,<ref name=onego/><ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref> or grey-green leaves.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> They can grow up to between {{convert|10|-|18|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/> and between 1 and 1.8 cm wide.<ref name=flph/><ref name=british/> They are generally longer than the flowering stem.<ref name=USSR/><ref name=british/>

It has a flowering stem or [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], that can grow up to between {{convert|10|-|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=british/><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris scariosa Willd. |date=1 December 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecScariosa |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris scariosa |date=30 November 2003 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-scariosa |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> It is normally {{convert|15|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=onego/><ref name=USSR/><ref name=handbook/> The stems are leafless.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/>

The stem has 3 or 4,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/> thin,<ref name=telp/> lanceolate,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/> [[Bract#Spathe|spathes]] (leaves of the flower bud), they are (scarious) membranous,<ref name=handbook/> and semi-transparent.<ref name=british/><ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) |page=246}}</ref> They are {{convert|4|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=onego/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=handbook/> and 1.5–2 cm wide.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> They have a reddish purple,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> or lilac margins.<ref name=USSR/>

It has a brown-purple,<ref name=handbook/> short [[perianth|perianth tube]], which is about 1.5–4 cm long,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=handbook/> and slightly flared upward.<ref name=flph/><ref name=USSR/> It also has short [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]]s (flower stalks).<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/>

The stems hold 2,<ref name=british/><ref name=handbook/> terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in mid to late spring,<ref name=onego/><ref name=European/> between April to May,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/> or May,<ref name=british/> or May to June.<ref name=annals>Houlston and Stoneman (Publisher){{Google books|Bl8CAAAAYAAJ|Annals of Horticulture and Year book of Information on Practical Gardening for 1847|page=76}}</ref>

The unscented,<ref name=onego/> flowers are {{convert|3.5|-|5.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=onego/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=European/> come in shades of violet,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=telp/><ref name=European/> reddish violet,<ref name=british/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=signa/> lilac,<ref name=USSR/> blue-purple,<ref name=onego/><ref name=flph/><ref name=irisbotanique/> or blue.<ref name=onego/><ref name=british/><ref name=annals/> Some sources also refer to rarely,<ref name=onego/> near white or yellow shaded flowers,<ref name=american/><ref name=signa/><ref name=European/> but these may, however only refer to ''[[Iris glaucescens]]''.<ref name=british/>

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref>{{rp|17}} The falls are oblong,<ref name=USSR/> or obovate shaped,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> with a narrow claw (section near the stem).<ref name=flph/><ref name=USSR/> They are {{convert|4.5|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.5 cm wide.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=European/> In the centre of each of the falls is a yellow 'beard' of hairs,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> but it can be sometime white on the blade (the wide part of the petal).<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=USSR/><ref name=handbook/> The erect, oblanceolate shaped standards, are {{convert|3.5|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 0.5 cm wide.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=European/>

It has 1.8 cm long stamens, 1.5 - 2.8 cm long ovary,<ref name=british/> that is fusiform (spindle shaped),<ref name=flph/> and a lavender or pale purple [[Stigma (botany)#Style|style branch]], that is 3.5 cm long.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/>

After the iris has flowered, between mid to late summer,<ref name=onego/> or June to August,<ref name=efloras/> or June to July.<ref name=flph/> It produces an ovoid,<ref name=efloras/> or cylindrical spindle,<ref name=flph/> or oblong shaped seed capsule.<ref name=USSR/> Which is {{convert|5|-|7.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 2.5–3 cm in diameter.<ref name=flph/> It has 6 visible veins or ribs.<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=USSR/> The loculicidal (having compartments) capsule,<ref name=flph/> holds dark brown, round or elongated seeds, that are 4-5,5mm long and 2–3 mm wide.<ref name=onego/>

===Biochemistry===
In 1961, a study was carried out on various iris species in Russia, it found the chromosomal count of ''Iris scariosa'' was 2n=24.<ref name=Karyotypes>{{cite journal |last= Randolph |first=Lowell Fritz |author-link1=Lowell Fitz Randolph |last2=Mitra |first2=Jyotirmay |date=November 1961 |title=Karyotypes of Iris Species Indigenous to the USSR |jstor=2439526|journal=American Journal of Botany |publisher=Botanical Society of America |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=862–870 |doi= 10.2307/2439526}}</ref>

In 2012, a genetic study was carried out on ''[[Iris laevigata]]'' and its from several closely related iris species, including ''[[Iris ensata]]'', ''[[Iris setosa]]'', ''[[Iris halophila]]'', ''Iris scariosa'', ''[[Iris potaninii]]'', ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]'', ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', and ''[[Iris sanguinea]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sun |first=Ming-Zhou |last2=Li |first2=Ming-Rui |last3=Shi |first3=Feng-Xue |last4=Li |first4=Lin |last5=Liu |first5=Ying |last6=Li |first6=Lin-Feng |last7=Xiao |first7=Hong-Xing |date=July 2012 |title=Genomic and EST-derived microsatellite markers for Iris laevigata (Iridaceae) and other congeneric species |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/99/7/e286.full |journal=American Journal of Botany |publisher= |volume=99 |issue=7 |pages=286–288 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1100608 |accessdate=5 May 2015 |pmid=22739712}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|18}}
''Iris scariosa'' has a chromosome count: 2n=24.<ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/> Although one source also mentions 2n=40.<ref name=signa/>

==Taxonomy==
[[File:Iris scariosa curtis botanical garden image.jpg|thumb|Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 112 (ser. 3, vol. 42) 6902 (1886) Drawn by [[Matilda Smith]]]]
It is written as 膜苞鸢尾 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]], and known as ''mo bao yuan wei'' in [[Pidgin]].<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428604 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate= 7 October 2015}}</ref>

It is commonly known as 'Film bud Iris' or 'Membrane bud Iris (in China).<ref name=flph/><ref name=zhiwutong>{{cite web |title=Film Bud Iris |url=http://www.zhiwutong.com/latin/Iridaceae/Iris-scariosa-Willd-ex-Link.htm |publisher=zhiwutong.com |accessdate= 9 October 2015}}</ref> It is also known as 'Iris leathery' in Russia.<ref name=onego/><ref name=zaglyanut>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=calc>{{cite web |first=G. I. |last=Rodionenko |title=Iris (Iris) leathery |url=http://www.calc.ru/krasnaya-kniga/Kasatik-(iris)-Kozhistiy.html |publisher=calc.ru |accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref> It was known in UK as the 'Scarious iris'.<ref name=annals/>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''scariosa'' refers to shrivelled, or thin dry organs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stearn |first=William |year=1973 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 |title=A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names |url= |location=London |publisher=Cassell |page=285 |isbn=0304937215 }}</ref> This refers to the membranous bracts or spathes, under the flowers.

It was originally described from specimens collected from near to the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name=american/>

It was first described by [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link]] and then published by [[Karl Ludwig Willdenow]] (using Link's description of the plant), in 'Jahrbücher der Gewächskunde' (of Berlin and Leipzig, Jahrb. Gewächsk.) Vol.1 Issue3, page71 in 1820.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=american/>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439072-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

It was later published by [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour|Carl Ledebour]] in 'Fl Ross' Vol.4 page104 in 1853,<ref name=flph/> then in 'Gartenflora' Vol.27 page325 in 1878, with a colour illustration (labelled as ''Iris eulefeldi'').<ref name=american/> then by [[Carl Maximowicz|Maxim]] in 'Bull Acad Sci St. Petersb' Vol.26 page534 in 1880 and by [[Boris Fedtschenko]] in 'Kom Fl URSS' Vol.4 page550 in 1935.<ref name=flph/>

An illustration of the iris by [[Matilda Smith]] was published in [[Curtis’s Botanical Magazine]], vol. 112 [ser. 3, vol. 42] no.6902 in 1886.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis’s Botanical Magazine]], vol. 112 [ser. 3, vol. 42] t.6902 in 1886) [M. Smith] |url=http://plantillustrations.org/illustration.php?id_illustration=4375&mobile=0&code_category_taxon= |publisher=plantillustrations.org |accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref>

In 1979, Shevchenko (Iris L. in A.I. Galushko (edited) 'Flora Severnogo Kavkaza' Vol.3 page79, [[Southern Federal University|University of Rostov]]) divided ''Iris glaucescens'' and ''Iris scariosa'' into 2 separate species.<ref name=american/><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref> He thought that there was several morphological and ecological differences between the 2 species. But he did not publish these. Also he noted that the ''Iris scariosa'' distribution range was limited to west of the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name=british/> But this range classification is disputed by other authors, although most sources still split the two irises into separate species.

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.<ref name=grin/>

It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]].<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris scariosa |url=http://eol.org/pages/2898086/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

''Iris scariosa'' is not yet an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[native plant|native]] to temperate central Asia,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=telp/> and eastern Europe (meaning Russia).<ref name=grin/><ref name=calc/>

===Range===
It is found in Russia,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=annals/> (within [[Kalmykia]],<ref name=calc/><ref>{{cite web |first=N.M. |last=Baktasheva |title=Biological Features And Structure Of Natural Tcenopopuljatcij Iris Scariosa Willd.Ex Link In The Republic Of Kalmykia |date=2013 |url=http://rucont.ru/efd/303894 |publisher=rucont.ru |accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref> [[Bashkortostan]] and [[Siberia]],<ref name=USSR/>),<ref name=grin/> Kazakhstan,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=Karyotypes/><ref name=greentours>{{cite web |title=Tulips In The Tien Shan |url=http://www.greentours.co.uk/Asia/TULIPS-IN-THE-TIEN-SHAN-12/ |publisher=greentours.co.uk |accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref> Mongolia,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=USSR/> and China (within the [[Provinces of China|provinces]] of [[Xinjiang]],<ref name=zhiwutong/>).<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=grin/>

The distribution stretches from the [[Ural Mountains]], (above the Caspian Sea,<ref name=handbook/> including along the [[Volta River]],<ref name=signa/>) eastwards to the [[Tien Shan Mountains]],<ref name=telp/><ref name=signa/><ref name=European/> and Altai Mountain range.<ref name=onego/><ref name=handbook/>

In Kazakhstan, it can be found on the Sugaty Plateau of the Ketmen Mountains with ''[[Tulipa iliensis]]''.<ref name="greentours"/>

In China, it is found on the [[Tarbagatai Mountains]] and Maili mountains, with other plant species including; ''[[Fritillaria yuminensis]]'', ''[[Paeonia hybrida]]'' Pall., ''[[Corydalis nobilis]]'' Pers., the cowslip ''[[Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx|Primula veris L. subsp. macrocalyx]]'' (Bunge), ''[[Glaucium squamigerum]]'' Kar. & Kir. and ''[[Chelidonium majus var grandiflorum|Chelidonium majus L. var grandiflorum]]'' Willd.<ref>{{cite web |first=Christine |last=Leon |first2=Michael F. |last2=Fay |first3=Martyn |last3=Rix |title=637. FRITILLARIA YUMINENSIS Liliaceae, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 2009 vol. 26 (1&2): pp. 21–32 |date=2009 |url=http://www.kew.org/science/ecbot/papers/leon2009fritillaria.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref>

===Habitat===
It grows on the alkaline and dry,<ref name=calc/> sunny, open stony hillsides,<ref name=USSR/> beside ditches,<ref name=flph/><ref name=efloras/> and in desert-like [[steppes]].<ref name=USSR/><ref name=calc/>

They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|1500|-|2400|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/>

==Conservation==
It is listed as V (for vulnerable),<ref name=zaglyanut/><ref name=calc/> in the [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation|Red Book of the Russian Federation]], (within the Stavropol and [[Rostov Oblast|Rostov]] regions).<ref name=zaglyanut/>

One colony of plants is within the [[Astrakhan Nature Reserve]].<ref name=zaglyanut/><ref name=calc/>

It is limited in habitat, due to intensive grazing of the land.<ref name=calc/>

==Cultivation==
It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] in Europe to Zone H2,<ref name=European/> meaning hardy to -15 to-20oC (5 to -4oF).<ref>{{cite web |title=Plant Hardiness |url=http://theseedsite.co.uk/hardiness.html |publisher=theseedsite.co |accessdate=3 August 2015}}</ref> It has been tested for hardiness in Russia, in the botanical gardens of Moscow, [[Stavropol|Stavrapole]], and St. Petersburg. It was only cold resistant in Stavrapole.<ref name=onego/><ref name=zaglyanut/><ref name=calc/>

In 1946, it was first introduced to the [[Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences]], but showed unstable results, it did not bloom annually, or fruit and suffers in the winter.<ref name=zaglyanut/>

It prefers to grow in well drained soils in full sun.<ref name=irisbotanique/>

It does not like waterlogged soils, that can damage the rhizomes,<ref name=irisbotanique/> but has high drought and salt tolerance.<ref name=onego/> So could be used in p

It can be grown in rock gardens.<ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=zaglyanut/>

It is only collected and cultivated by iris specialists.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=telp/>

It is cultivated in the botanical gardens of [[Almaty]], [[Barnaul]], [[Dzhezkazgan]], [[Karagandy]], [[Kiev]], [[Leningrad]], Moscow, [[Omsk]] and [[Sverdlovsk, Ukraine|Sverdlovsk]].<ref name=calc/>

===Propagation===
Irises can generally be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]],<ref>{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> or by seed growing.<ref name=calc/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
Due to its high drought and salt tolerance, it would be useful or interesting in plant breeding programmes.<ref name=onego/>
As a diploid iris, it is unlikely to produce fertile offspring in crosses to other types of iris.<ref name=telp/> So it has not been used.<ref name=zaglyanut/>

==Toxicity==
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.<ref>David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}}</ref>

==Uses==
In China, the rhizome of ''Iris scariosa'' has been used to treat [[swollen gums]],<ref name=zhiwutong/> [[anti-inflammatory]] pains, also [[sore throat]] (or chronic [[pharyngitis]],<ref name=zhiwutong/>) and [[hoarseness]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris scariosa |url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/1409750.htm |publisher=baike.baidu.com |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> The rhizome was ground into a powder, then mixed with honey.<ref name=zhiwutong/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other sources==
* Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
* Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:177.
* Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
* Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 34.
* Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
* Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

==External links==
* [http://prairiebreak.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/three-irises-of-altai.html Has images of ''[[Iris ruthenica]]'', ''[[Iris humilis]]'' and ''Iris scariosa'' from the Altai Mountains]
* [http://kazakhsteppe.com/en/photo/230 Has an image of clump of the iris in Kazakhstan]
* [http://molbiol.ru/pictures/80337.html Images of the iris in China]

{{Commons category-inline|Iris scariosa}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris scariosa}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|scariosa]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1820]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]
[[Category:Flora of Siberia]]
[[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]

Iris scariosa - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

Rjwilmsi: /* Biochemistry */Journal cites, added 1 PMID using AWB (12142)

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:01, 16 May 2026
(No difference)