Moderator: 1 revision

2026-05-16T20:01:31Z

1 revision

Bender the Bot: /* Description */http→https for Internet Archive (see this RfC) using AWB

2016-08-19T10:04:41Z

‎Description: http→https for Internet Archive (see this RfC) using AWB

New page

{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris longiscapa
|image =
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|sectio =''Hexapogon''
|species = '''''Iris longiscapa'''''
|binomial = ''Iris longiscapa''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour|Ledeb.]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
| Iris filifolia |Bunge (Illegitimate)<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris longiscapa Ledeb. is an accepted name |date=23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322064 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref>}}
}}
'''''Iris longiscapa''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]'' and in the ''Hexapogon'' section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from the deserts of [[Kazakhstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. They have grass-like leaves, lilac-violet or blue-purple flowers, on a tall slender stem.

It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions

==Description==
It is very similar in form to ''[[Iris songarica]]''.<ref name=Rangelands>Gustave Gintzburger {{Google books|fPzoQAsxGj4C|Rangelands of the Arid and Semi-arid Zones in Uzbekistan|page=395}}</ref>

It has a short, small rhizome.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=planet>{{cite web |title=Iris longiscapa |url=http://www.planetefleurs.fr/Systematique/Iridaceae/Iris_longiscapa.html |publisher=planetefleurs.fr |accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter II iris clump and other (part3) |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-ii-iris-a-touffe-et-autre-partie3-106518511.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref> It produces small, nut-like segments, (which are smaller than ''[[Iris falcifolia]]''), one per year, that spread to create small creeping, dense tufts of plants.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR>{{cite web |first=V.L. |last=Komarov |year=1935 |title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV |publisher=archive.org |url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt |accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> On top of the rhizome are the fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/> Underneath, it has plenty of thick roots.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

It has basal, green, grass-like or filiform (thread-like) linear leaves.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=planet/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris longiscapa Ledeb. |date=6 December 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecLongiscapa |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=alpine>{{cite web |title=Iris longiscapa |url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/longiscapa |publisher=encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net |accessdate=10 April 2015}}</ref>
They are narrow, deciduous and between {{convert|0.02|-|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=american/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|pages=97}}</ref> The leaves are much narrower and straighter than ''Iris falcifolia''.<ref name=alpine/><ref name=british/>

It has a slender stem (or peduncle) that can grow up to between {{convert|50|-|75|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=planet/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american/><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E. |last2=Linnegar |first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised |title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley |publisher=Christopher Helm |page=125 |isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref>
It is more longer and slender than ''Iris falcifolia'',<ref name=FloraofUSSR/> but shorter than ''Iris songarica''.<ref name=Rangelands/>

The stems have 3 [[spathe]]s (leaves of the flower bud), which are narrow and are acuminated (ending in a sharp point), and they have a hyaline (clear and translucent) or membranous margin.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/> The spathes have a small peduncle (stalk) that are between {{convert|1.2|-|2.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=american/>

The stems hold short pedicels (flower stalks), which are {{convert|5|-|7.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=american/> they hold 2-5 flowers,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=planet/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american/><ref name=cassidy/> between April and May.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

The flowers are {{convert|4|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=american/><ref name=british/> they are slightly smaller than ''Iris falcifolia'',<ref name=FloraofUSSR/> but smaller than ''Iris songarica''.<ref name=Rangelands/> They come in shades of lilac-violet,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/> or blue-purple,<ref name=planet/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=rare/>
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref> The falls are oblong shaped,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/> and have darker veins along the margins.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american/> In the centre of the falls, is a large, white, clavate (shaped like a club) beard.<ref name=planet/><ref name=american/> It has a fine yellow centre.<ref name=planet/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=rare>{{cite web |title=Iris longiscapa |url=http://rareplants.co.uk/product.asp?strParents=&CAT_ID=497&P_ID=2620 |publisher=rareplants.co.uk
|accessdate=10 April 2015}}</ref> The standards are erect, narrowly spatulate and can sometimes have hairs.<ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

The flowers are [[bisexual]] and [[actinomorphic]] (have radial symmetry).<ref name=Rangelands/>

After the iris has flowered, it produces a pointed, 3-angled,<ref name=FloraofUSSR/> or 3 edged seed capsule,<ref name=Rangelands/> {{convert|4|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

===Biochemistry===
As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name="ClaireAustin"/>
It has a chromosome count: 2n=18,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=rare/> carried out by Zakharyeva in 1985.<ref name=american/>

== Taxonomy==
It is known locally as '''teke-sakal'' (in Turkmenistan) and ''kacathk'' (in Uzbekistan).<ref name=Rangelands/>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''longiscapa'' refers to long, slender stem,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=rare/> or long scape.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A.W. |last2=Stearn |first2=William T. |date=1972 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 | title= A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names | publisher=Cassell and Company | page=202| isbn=0304937215}}</ref>

It was first published and described by [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour]] in 'Flora Rossica sive Enumeratio Plantarum in Totius Imperii Rossici Provinciis Europaeis, Asiaticis, et Americanis Hucusque Observatarum. Stuttgartiae' (Fl. Ross.) Vol.4 Issue12 page93 in April 1852.<ref name=american/><ref>{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris longiscapa Ledeb. |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438812-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris longiscapa Ledeb. |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428655 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate= 10 April 2015}}</ref>

It was also published in 'Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans' Vol.7 page505 in 1854.<ref name=FloraofUSSR/> The synonym ''Iris filifolia'' Boiss. was published in 'Voy. Espagne' (1839–45) page602 in 1839.<ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

It has never been illustrated except for a small drawing of one flower published in Komarov's 'Flora USSR' in Vol.4, table34 in 1935.<ref name=american/>

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.<ref name=grin/>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Iris longiscapa'' is [[native plant|native]] to temperate regions of Central Asia.<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=grin/>

===Range===
It is found in (the former states of USSR),<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=rare/> of Kazakhstan,<ref name=grin/><ref name=Turanian>{{cite web |first=Peter Martin |last=Rhind |title=Plant Formations in the Turanian BioProvince |date=2010 |url=http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Holarctic%20Vegetation/Turanian%20Vegetation.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref> Afghanistan,<ref name=cassidy/> Tajikistan,<ref name=grin/> Turkmenistan,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=planet/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=grin/><ref>AP Mabuza {{Google books|2-ghBwAAQBAJ|Travel to Turkestan founding member of the Society AP Mabuza|page=147}}</ref> and Uzbekistan.<ref name=planet/><ref name=grin/><ref>{{cite web |title=ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/russia/uzbekistan.shtml |publisher=mobot.org |accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref>
It is also found in Iran,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=rare/> or the [[Turanian]] deserts.<ref name=aralkum>Siegmar-W. Breckle, Walter Wucherer, Liliya A. Dimeyeva and Nathalia P. Ogar (Editors){{Google books|3793LZcmyDIC|Aralkum - a Man-Made Desert: The Desiccated Floor of the Aral Sea (Central Asia)|page=292}}</ref>

They are specifically found in the deserts of [[Kara Kum]] and [[Kyzyl Kum]].<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=american/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=british/>

===Habitat===
It is a (psammophyte) and grows in the sandy-clay deserts,<ref name=Rangelands/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=FloraofUSSR/><ref name=cassidy/> or on [[granite]] hills.<ref name=FloraofUSSR/>
The soils contain NoH.<ref name=aralkum/>

It is also found in the Turanian gypsophilic (gypsum-loving) sagebrush lands of Kazakhstan, growing with ''[[Gagea reticulata]]'', ''[[Nonea caspica]]'' and ''[[Tulipa sogdiana]]''.<ref name=Turanian/>

==Uses==
A harvest of dry leaves of the iris are used as a litter for cattle in barns in Uzbekistan.<ref name=Rangelands/>

It is eaten in spring by sheep in .<ref>J. R. Goodin and David K. Northington (Editors) {{Google books|iSjgBAAAQBAJ|Plant Resources of Arid and Semiarid Lands: A Global Perspective|pages=303}}</ref>

===Cultivation===
''Iris longiscapa'' is cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]], though it is rare.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=rare/>

It is not [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] in Europe, and should be grown in a pot or a cold greenhouse.<ref name=irisbotanique/> It is grown in loamy soils, in full sun with good drainage.<ref name=rare/> It needs to rest and be dry over summer, after it flowers.<ref name=rare/> It needs to be grown in full sun.<ref name=irisbotanique/>

A specimen was sent to [[Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden]].<ref name=FloraofUSSR/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Other sources===
*Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
*Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
*Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 66.

==External links==
* [http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/133246.html Has image of Iris longiscapa from Turkmenistan ]
*{{Commons category-inline|Iris longiscapa}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris longiscapa}}

{{Clear}}
{{Iris subg. Iris}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|longiscapa]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1852]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:01, 16 May 2026
(No difference)

Iris longiscapa - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

Bender the Bot: /* Description */http→https for Internet Archive (see this RfC) using AWB