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{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris glaucescens
|image = Iris glaucescens.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|species = '''''Iris glaucescens'''''
|binomial = ''Iris glaucescens''
|binomial_authority = [[Alexander Bunge|Bunge]]
|synonyms = Syn. I. eulefeldii <ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref>
}}
'''''Iris glaucescens''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from Asia, [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]]. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades.It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of ''[[Iris scariosa]]'', before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it a synonym of ''Iris scariosa''.

==Description==
It has a thick rhizome, which is up to 3 cm thick and nodular. It has the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves, on top of the rhizome.<ref name=lesnoj>{{cite web |first=M. |last=Silanteva |title=Iris glaucescens Bunge - Iris bluish |url=http://lesnoj-atlas.com/page/255/iris-glaucescens-bunge-iris-kasatik-sizovatyy.html?group=2 |publisher=lesnoj-atlas.com |accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref>

It has falcate (sickle-shaped),<ref name=samluka>{{cite web |first=Samara |last=Bend |title=COLLECTION IRIS natural flora, Introdutciruemyh in the Botanical Garden Samara State University |year=2007 |format=PDF |url=http://www.ssc.smr.ru/media/journals/samluka/2007/16_3_10.pdf |publisher=ssc.smr.ru (Samara State University) |accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=knigi>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> blue-grey,<ref name=samluka/> or grey.<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=canadian>{{cite web| first=Tony | last=Hall | title=Canadian Iris Society, CIS newsletter, Winter 2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 | year=2013| url=http://www.e-clipse.ca/previews/CIS/C-V57N2_hi-rez.pdf | format=pdf | pages=19–21 | publisher=e-clipse.ca (Canadian Iris Society) | accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref>

It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between {{convert|8|-|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=pacific/><ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris glaucescens |date=5 September 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-glaucescens |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref>
It is similar in height to ''Iris scariosa'',<ref name=signa/> and exceeds the height of the leaves.<ref name=lesnoj/>

The stem has (scarious) membranous, [[Bract#Spathe|spathes]] (leaves of the flower bud), that are {{convert|5|-|15|cm|0|abbr=on}} long with long keels.<ref name=samluka/>

The stems hold 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers,<ref name=lesnoj/> blooming between mid to late spring,<ref name=samluka/> between April and May.<ref name=lesnoj/><ref>Moskovskoe Obščestvo Ispytatelej Prirody {{Google books|3NpJAAAAcAAJ|Bjulleten' Moskovskogo Obščestva Ispytatelej Prirody, Volume 14|page=849}}</ref> It flowers for an average of 12 days.<ref name=samluka/>

The flowers are {{convert|3.5|-|5.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=samluka/> come in shades of blue-violet,<ref name=pacific/><ref name=signa/> pale violet,<ref name=signa/> lilac-purple,<ref name=lesnoj/> to deep purple,<ref name=signa/> to light bluish, and almost white tones.<ref name=samluka/>

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref>{{rp|17}} It also has white beards on the falls.<ref name=lesnoj/>

After the iris has flowered, in midsummer,<ref name=samluka/> it produces an fusiform (spindle shaped) seed capsule.<ref name=lesnoj/> Inside the capsule, are wrinkled, dark brown,<ref name=lesnoj/>
and globular seeds. They are 4-5.5mm long and 2-3mm wide.<ref name=samluka/>

===Biochemistry===
In 2012, a study was carried out 2 Siberian based irises, ''Iris glaucescens'' and ''[[Iris bloudowii]]''.<ref name=Nabieva>{{cite journal |last=Nabieva |first=A.Yu. |last2=Elisafenko |first2=T.V. |date=2012 |title=Peculiarities Of Reproduction Of Rare Siberian Species Of The Genus Iris L. – I. Glaucescens Bunge И I. Bloudowii Ledeb. In Culture |url=http://ssbg.asu.ru/turcz/turcz_15_1_80-84.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Turczaninowia |publisher= |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=80–84 |doi= |accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|18}}
It has a chromosome count of 2n=24.<ref name=earthpapers>{{cite web |first=Nina Borisovna |last=Alekseeva |title=Species of the genus Iris L. in the flora of Russia. Problems of protection of nature and the introduction of |date=March 2005 |url=http://earthpapers.net/vidy-roda-iris-l-vo-flore-rossii-problemy-ohrany-v-prirode-i-introduktsi |publisher=earthpapers.net |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
It has the common names of 'Bluish Iris',<ref name=knigi/><ref name=oopt>{{cite web |first=M. |last=Tigireksky |title=Iris glaucescens Bunge |url=http://oopt.aari.ru/bio/45210 |publisher=oopt.aari.ru |accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> and 'Iris dove'.<ref name=samluka/>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''glaucescens'' refers to developing a fine whitish bloom, bluish-green, seagreen, or glaucous.<ref>D. Gledhill {{Google books|NJ6PyhVuecwC|The Names of Plants|page=179}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stearn |first=William |year=1973 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 |title=A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names |url= |location=London |publisher=Cassell |page=154 |isbn=0304937215 }}</ref> Referring to the plants glaucous leaves.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>

In [[Paris Museum of Natural History]], a [[herbarium]] was started by a French geologist [[Patren]], who collected plants from Siberia. German botanist [[Carl Friedrich von Ledebour]] also worked at the herbarium for several years with his students [[Alexander Bunge|Alexander Andrejewitsch Bunge]] and [[Carl Anton von Meyer]]. They discovered and described many new plants, including ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', ''Iris glaucescens'', ''[[Iris tigridia]]'' and others.<ref name=altai>{{cite web |last=Alexeeva |first=N. |title=The successful expedition to Altai |date=2007 |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/ekspeditsii/233/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=25 September 2015}}</ref>

It was first published and described by Alexander Bunge in 'Flora Altaic' (Fl. Altaic edited by Ledebour) Vol.1 on page 58 in 1829.<ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris glaucescens Bunge |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438645-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris glaucescens Bunge |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?468581 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris glaucescens Bunge ex Ledeb. |date=12 May 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecGlaucescens |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref>

In 1870, specimens of ''Iris glaucescens'' were collected in 'Songaria', China (Songaria is now part of [[Gansu]]) for the [[Paris Museum of Natural History]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris glaucescens (MNHN/P/P02158902) |url=http://lesherbonautes.mnhn.fr/specimens/MNHN/P/P02158902 |publisher=lesherbonautes/mnhn.fr |accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref>

It was then later classified as a synonym of ''Iris scariosa'' by botanists including [[William Rickatson Dykes]] in 1913 and G. Rodionenko's descriptions in the 'Iris Year Book' of 1967.<ref name=british/>

In 1979, Shevchenko (Iris L. in A.I.Galushko (editor) 'Flora Severnogo Kavkaza' Vol.3 page79, [[Southern Federal University|University of Rostov]]) divided ''Iris glaucescens'' and ''Iris scariosa'' into 2 separate species.<ref name=pacific/><ref name=american/> He thought that there was several morphological and ecological differences between the 2 species. But he did not publish these. Also he noted that the ''Iris scariosa'' distribution range was limited to west of the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=51}}</ref> But this range classification is disputed by other authors, although most sources still split the two irises into separate species.

It is still listed as a synonym of ''Iris scariosa'' by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] as of 4 September 2015.<ref name=grin/>

It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]].<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris glaucescens |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866624/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=14 September 2015}}</ref>

It is listed in [[The Plant List]], but listed without synonyms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris glaucescens Bunge is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321878 |publisher=theplantlist.org |accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref>

''Iris glaucescens'' is not yet an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]], as of 6 October 2015.

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[native plant|native]] in middle Asia,<ref name=alexeeva>{{cite journal |last=Alexeeva |first=Nina Borisovna |date=2015 |title= Iris glaucescens Bunge (Iridaceae), the rare flag of the Siberian plant kingdom |url=http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article_en.php?id=2621 |journal=Hortus bot. |publisher= |volume=10 |issue= |pages= |doi= 10.15393/j4.art.2015.2621 |accessdate=25 September 2015}}</ref> and central Asia.<ref name=lipsky>V.I. Lipsky {{Google books|xaetCAAAQBAJ|The flora of Central Asia t. E., And Russian Turkistan khanates of Bukhara and Khiva|page=95}}</ref><ref name=greifswald>{{cite web |title=Iris glaucescens Bunge |url=http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?flora_search=Taxon&taxon_id=2062 |publisher=greif.uni-greifswald.de |accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref>

===Range===
It is unsure where ''Iris glaucescens is [[endemic]] due to the merging with ''Iris scarious'' which also has a very similar range as well. Although, ''Iris scariosa'' is only found near the [[Caspian sea]] and [[Caucasus|Caucasia]].<ref name=earthpapers/>

It is found in Russia (within [[Siberia]],<ref name=Nabieva/><ref name=american/><ref name=alexeeva/> [[Barnaul]],<ref name=lesnoj/>), China,<ref name=samluka/><ref name=alexeeva/> Mongolia,<ref name=american/><ref name=alexeeva/><ref name=greifswald/> and Kazakhstan (north of the [[Aral Sea]] to the east of [[Balkash]],<ref name=pacific/><ref name=signa/>).<ref name=samluka/><ref name=alexeeva/>

It was also found in the former Russian [[Turkistan]] khanates of [[Bukhara]] and [[Khiva]].<ref name="lipsky"/> Now in [[Uzbekistan]].

It is listed with ''[[Iris lactea|Iris biglumis]]'', ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'', ''[[Iris ruthenica]]'', ''[[Iris sibirica]]'', ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]'' and ''[[Iris tigridia]]'' (another ''Pseudoregelia Iris'') in the [[Altai-Sayan region]] (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).<ref>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion |url=http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/regnum/eng/species_all.php?right=box-spec-p/iris.php |publisher=bioaltai-sayan.ru |accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref>

===Habitat===
It grows on the mountains,<ref name=greifswald/> of steppes,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=Nabieva/><ref name=alexeeva/> on rocky slopes,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=signa/><ref name=greifswald/> in sand.<ref name=signa/><ref name=alexeeva/><ref name=greifswald/>

They can be found at an altitude of up to {{convert|2700|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=earthpapers/><ref name=greifswald/>

==Conservation==
In Russia, it was listed in the [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation|Red book]] of [[Omsk]] region as apparently extinct.<ref name=knigi/><ref name=oopt/>

It is listed in the Red book of the [[Altai Territory]] (in 2006),<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=Nabieva/><ref name=oopt/> as rare,<ref name=samluka/><ref name=knigi/><ref name=earthpapers/> in the Red book of [[Krasnoyarsk]] territory (in 2005), also in the Red book of [[Novosibirsk]] ob-region (in 2008),<ref name=Nabieva/><ref name=oopt/> and in the Red book of [[Chelyabinsk]] region.<ref name=oopt/>

It is not protected under law,<ref name=knigi/> but it is found in [[Kulunda Steppe reserve]].<ref name=lesnoj/>
It is found in 48 locations, with up to 20,000 plants.<ref name=lesnoj/>

It was confined to land that is also used as grazing or arable land,<ref name=Nabieva/> or ploughing of fallow plots.<ref name=lesnoj/>

==Cultivation==
It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to between [[USDA]] Zone 2 and Zone 3.<ref name=signa/>

It was tested for hardiness in Russia, at the botanical gardens of Barnaul, Novosibirsk, [[St. Petersburg]] (where it winters without shelter), [[Ufa]] (it produces seeds), but it has proved difficult to cultivate.<ref name=knigi/> As it needs hot summers and dry winters.<ref name=signa/>

It prefers to grow in a well drained sandy soils.<ref name=british/>

It can be grown in [[rock gardens]],<ref name=samluka/><ref name=knigi/> as well as for perennial borders as an early spring plant.<ref name=knigi/><ref name=alexeeva/>

It does suffer in waterlogged soils, that may rot the rhizomes.<ref name=knigi/>

It is rarely available for cultivation.<ref name=british/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
The plant may attract plant breeders for cross-breeding with other types of dwarf irises due to its drought and salt resistance.<ref name=alexeeva/>

==Toxicity==
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.<ref>David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other sources==
* Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:177.
* Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000–. Flora of Siberia (English translation). [accepts].
* Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 28, 34.

==External links==
* [http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/20731.html Has many images of the iris]

{{Commons category-inline|Iris glaucescens}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris glaucescens}}
[[Category:Iris (plant)|glaucescens]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1950]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]

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Iris glaucescens - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

Tom.Reding: Fix :Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL when perm identifier present (doi|bibcode|arxiv|pmid|jstor|isbn|issn|lccn|oclc|ismn|hdl) (rem access-date) using AWB