Moderator: 1 revision

2026-05-16T20:02:22Z

1 revision

Diannaa: remove copyright content, too-close paraphrasing from http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gazella_subgutturosa/

2017-04-20T21:11:41Z

remove copyright content, too-close paraphrasing from http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gazella_subgutturosa/

New page

{{refimprove|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Goitered gazelle
| image = Sand gazelle (gazella subgutturosa marica).jpg
| image_caption = Sand gazelle (''Gazella subgutturosa marica'') at [[Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessor=Mallon, D.P.|year=2008|id=8976|title=Gazella subgutturosa|downloaded=18 August 2015}}</ref>
| taxon = Gazella subgutturosa
| authority = ([[Güldenstädt]], 1780)
}}

The '''goitered''' or '''black-tailed gazelle''' (''Gazella subgutturosa'') is a [[gazelle]] found in northern [[Azerbaijan]], eastern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], part of [[Iran]], parts of [[Iraq]] and southwestern [[Pakistan]], southeastern [[Turkey]], [[Afghanistan]], and in Uzbekistan <ref>http://www.rferl.org/</ref> and the [[Gobi Desert]]. The specific name, meaning "full below the throat", refers to the male having an enlargement of the neck and throat during the mating season.

The goitered gazelle inhabits sands and gravel plains and [[limestone]] plateau. It runs at high speed, without the leaping, bounding gait seen in other gazelle species. Throughout much of their range, goitered gazelles [[Animal migration|migrate seasonally]]. Herds cover 10–30 km per day in the winter, with these distances being reduced to about 1–3 km in summer.

Large herds were also present in the Near East. Some 6,000 years ago, they were captured and killed with the help of [[Desert Kites|desert kite]]s.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13123221 |title=Gazelles caught in ancient Syrian 'killing zones' |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=19 April 2011 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1017647108 Role of mass-kill hunting strategies in the extirpation of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in the northern Levant. Guy Bar-Oz, Melinda Zeder, and Frank Hole. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010.]</ref> Rock art found in Jordan suggests [[ritual slaughter]].<ref name=bbc/>

Until recently, goitered gazelles were considered to represent a single, albeit polymorphic, species. However, recent genetic studies show one of the subspecies, ''G. s. marica'', is [[paraphyletic]] in respect to the other populations of goitered gazelles,<ref name=wacher>[http://users.iab.uaf.edu/~kris_hundertmark/Reprints/Wacher%20et%20al%202011.pdf Wacher T, Wronski T, Hammond RL, Winney B, Blacket MJ, Hundertmark KJ, Mohammed OB, Omer SA, Macasero W, Lerp H, Plath M, Bleidor C (2011) Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa). Conserv Genet 12:827–831]</ref> although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species.<ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13364-012-0079-8?null Murtskhvaladze M, Gurielidze Z, Kopaliani N, Tarkhnishvili D (2012) Gene introgression between ''Gazella subguturrosa'' and ''G. marica'': limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes. Acta Theriologica DOI 10.1007/s13364-012-0079-8]</ref>

== Subspecies ==
Several subspecies have been described. Groves & Leslie (2011) distinguish four forms, which they treat as separate [[monotypic]] species.<ref name="Groves & Leslie, 2011">C. P. Groves, D. M. Leslie Jr. (2011). ''Family Bovidae (Hollwo-horned Ruminants).'' (585-588). In: Wilson, D. E., Mittermeier, R. A., (Hrsg.). ''Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals.'' Lynx Edicions, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4</ref> Wacher ''et al.'' <ref name=wacher /> suggest ''G. s. marica'' is a separate species, ''Gazella marica''.
*[[Azerbaijani gazelle]] (''Jeyran (subgutturosa) subgutturosa'') - southeastern Turkey, Azerbaijan, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan
*Turkmen gazelle (''Gazella (subgutturosa) gracilicornis'') - [[Kazakhstan]] ([[Buzachi]]) in the east to about [[Lake Balkash]], Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
*Yarkand gazelle (''Gazella (subgutturosa) yarkandensis'') - northern and northwestern China ([[Xinjiang]], [[Qinghai]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Nei Monggol]]), Mongolia; includes subspecies ''hilleriana''
*Sand gazelle (''Gazella (subgutturosa) marica'') - Saudi Arabia, southern Syria, southwestern Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Oman, offshore [[Persian Gulf]] islands.

It is listed as an endangered species in [[Pakistan]].{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kuhertajagaselli Korkeasaari.jpg|Male of the Persian subspecies (''G. s. subgutturosa'') at [[Korkeasaari]] Zoo
File:Gazella subgutturosa.jpg|Female (''G. s. yarkandensis'') in [[Gobi Desert]]
File:Sir Bani Yas -Sandgasell.JPG|''Gazella subguttorosa marica'') at [[Sir Bani Yas]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
File:The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella subgutturosa.png|''Gazella (subgutturosa) subgutturosa''
File:The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella marica.png|''Gazella (subgutturosa) marica''
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons|Gazella subgutturosa}}
{{Wikispecies|Gazella subgutturosa}}
*http://www.arkive.org/goitered-gazelle/gazella-subgutturosa/
{{Artiodactyla|R.5}}
{{taxonbar}}

[[Category:Gazella]]
[[Category:Mammals of Southwest Asia|Gazelle, Goitered]]
[[Category:Mammals of Azerbaijan|Gazelle, Goitered]]
[[Category:Mammals of Pakistan|Gazelle, Goitered]]
[[Category:Mammals of China|Gazelle, Goitered]]
[[Category:Megafauna of Eurasia|Gazelle, Goitered]]
[[Category:Mammals of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Mammals of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Turkey]]
[[Category:Mammals of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1780]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:02, 16 May 2026
(No difference)

Goitered gazelle - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

Diannaa: remove copyright content, too-close paraphrasing from http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gazella_subgutturosa/