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William Avery: Speciesbox; + :Category:Animals described in 1776

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Speciesbox; + Category:Animals described in 1776

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{{italictitle}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Gloydius halys''
| image= Gloydius halys at Tost-Uul Mount, Mongolia.JPG
| image_caption = ''Gloydius halys'' in Southern Mongolia
| taxon = Gloydius halys
| authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
| synonyms = * ''Coluber halys'' Pallas, 1776
* [''Vipera'' (''Echidna'') ''Aspis''] ''Pallasii'' [[Blasius Merrem|Merrem]], 1820
* ''Trigonocephalus Halys'' – [[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]] ''In'' [[Eduard Friedrich Eversmann|Eversmann]] & Lichtenstein, 1823
* ''Vipera Halys'' – Lichtenstein ''In'' Eversmann & Lichtenstein, 1823
* ''Trigonocephalus halys'' – [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1827
* ''Trigonocephalus'' [(''Halys'')] ''Halys'' – [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1849
* ''Halys pallasii'' – [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864
* ''Ancistrodon halys'' – [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896
* ''A''[''gkistrodon'']. ''halys'' – [[Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1907
* ''Ancistrodon halys halys'' – Nikolsky, 1916
* ''Agkistrodon halys halys'' – [[Robert Mertens|Mertens]] & [[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]], 1928
* ''Gloydius halys halys'' – [[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & Romano-Hoge, 1981<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1.'' Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}

:'''''Common names:''' Siberian pit viper,<ref name="G&C90">[[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd HK]], [[Roger Conant (herpetologist)|Conant R.]] 1990. ''Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review''. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.</ref> Halys viper,<ref name="Got">Gotch AF. 1986. ''Reptiles -- Their Latin Names Explained''. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.</ref> Halys pit viper,<ref name="Ste71">Steward JW. 1971. ''The Snakes of Europe''. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). 238 pp. LCCCN 77-163307. ISBN 0-8386-1023-4.</ref> [[#Common names|more]].''

'''''Gloydius halys''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pitviper]] [[species]] found within a wide range that stretches across [[Asia]], from [[Russia]], east of the [[Ural Mountains|Urals]], eastwards through [[China]]. Five [[subspecies]] are currently recognized, including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominotypical form]] described here.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634885 |taxon=Gloydius halys |accessdate=24 May 2007}}</ref>

==Description==
Grows to a maximum total length of {{convert|59|cm|in|abbr=on}}, which was for a female, with an included tail length of {{convert|68|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The largest male on record measured {{convert|53|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length, which included a tail length of {{convert|80|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The body build is described as moderately stout with a snout that is slightly upturned when viewed from the side.<ref name="G&C90"/>

Dorsally grayish, pale brown, reddish, or yellowish, with large dark spots or crossbars, the borders of which are serrated. One or two lateral series of smaller dark spots. A wide dark stripe behind the eye, bordered by light stripes both above and below. Ventrally whitish, speckled with gray or brown.

The strongly keeled dorsal scales are arranged in 23 rows at midbody. Ventrals 149-174; anal plate entire; subcaudals 31-44, divided (paired).<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] 1896. ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ.'' Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.-XXV. (''Ancistrodon halys'', pp. 524-525.)</ref>

==Common names==
Siberian pit viper,<ref name="G&C90"/> Halys viper,<ref name="Got"/> Halys pit viper, Pallas' pit viper, Asiatic pit viper, Asiatic moccasin,<ref name="Ste71"/> shchitomordnik,<ref name="Bro73">Brown JH. 1973. ''Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes''. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. ISBN 0-398-02808-7.</ref> Pallas' viper, Pallas pit viper, Korean pit viper, Mongolian pit viper.<ref name="USN91">U.S. Navy. 1991. ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.</ref>

==Geographic range==
Found in Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through [[Siberia]], [[Iran]], [[Mongolia]] to northern and central China, as well as the southern Ryukyu Islands of [[Japan]]. According to Gloyd and Conant (1990), the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is "Salt Lake near the Lugaskoi Sawod (factory) on the Upper [[Yenisei River|Yenisey]]" (Siberia, Russia). Redefined by Bour (1993) as "Naryn or Ryn Peski desert, near the Russia-Kazakhstan border."<ref name="McD99"/>

==Subspecies==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subspecies<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="Gum04">Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], Ryabov S. 2004. ''Asian Pitvipers''. Berlin: Geitje Books. 1st Edition. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.</ref>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|''[[Gloydius halys boehmei|G. h. boehmei]]''
|Nilson, 1983
|Boehme's pitviper
|style="width:40%"|Known only from the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]]: Andarab valley, [[Baghlan Province|province of Baghlan]], at 2,500 m altitude, eastern [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Gum04"/>
|-
|''[[Gloydius halys caraganus|G. h. caraganus]]''
|(Eichwald, 1831)
|Karaganda pitviper
|From southeastern Europe, in the [[Ural River|Ural]] and [[Emba River]] valleys, and (at least formerly) in the [[Volga River]] valley, through much of [[Kazakhstan]], including northern [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Kirgistan]], into northwestern China.<ref name="G&C90"/>
|-
|''[[Gloydius halys cognatus|G. h. cognatus]]''
|([[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd]], 1977)
|Alashan pitviper
|North-central China, from eastern [[Qinghai]] across southern [[Gansu]], probably also in [[Qinghai]], and possibly eastwards into [[Hebei]] and northwards into [[Inner Mongolia]].<ref name="Gum04"/>
|-
|''G. h. halys''
|([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
|Siberian pitviper
|Southern Siberia and Mongolia, from the [[Zeya River]] west to longitude 74° E.<ref name="G&C90"/>
|-
|''[[Gloydius halys mogoi|G. h. mogoi]]''
|Bour, 1993
|
|Western [[Mongolia]].<ref name="Gum04"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of crotaline species and subspecies]]
* {{c|Crotalinae by common name}}
* {{c|Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms}}
* [[Snakebite]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas, P.S.]] 1776. ''Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs''. Kais. Akad. Wiss. (Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften), St. Petersburg, Volume III. (''Coluber halys'', p. 703.)

==External links==
* {{NRDB species|genus=Gloydius|species=halys|date=12 December|year=2007}}

[[Category:Gloydius]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Snakes of China]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Iran]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Russia]]
[[Category:Fauna of Siberia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1776]]

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