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'''Batyr Eset Kotibaruli''' ({{lang-kz|Есет Көтiбарұлы}}) (1803—1889) — Leader of the wars against [[Khiva]] and [[Kokand]] Kingdoms, the head of anti-colonial uprising, the leader of the national liberation movement of [[Kazakhs]].<ref name="TaumanTorekhanovWebsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.tauman-torekhanov.com |title=Official website of Tauman Torekhanov |publisher=Tauman Torekhanov |date= |accessdate=18 October 2014}}</ref>

== Origin ==
Eset batyr is originally from Shekty-Kabak subdivision of Alimuli tribe of the [[Lesser Horde]].<ref name="MarthaOlcott">[https://books.google.com/books?id=0QAraz9qVY4C&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=iset&source=bl&ots=Croou64hd8&sig=ZVwKHVPmk4nMKCIwHH_-zohaXzs&hl=en&ei=0KHaSd2XEZKLsAat2dT1CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Olcott, Martha Brill, ''The Kazakhs''], Hoover Press, 1995, pp. 58-68, ISBN 978-0-8179-9351-1. Retrieved on 18 October 2014</ref> This tribe had nomadic style of life on the territory of modern [[Aktobe Province]] of [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Orenburg]] province of the [[Russian Federation]], as well as between the [[Ural River|Ural]](Zhaik) and [[Volga]] rivers. Eset Batyr was born in 1803 near the Lake Shalkar in [[Kazakhstan]] in the family of famous judge and leader Kotibar.<ref name="TaumanTorekhanovWebsite"/>

== Anti-Khiva uprising ==
[[Kazakhs]] of [[Lesser Horde]] constantly conflicted with [[Khiva]] troops due to aggressive attacks into the territory of the [[Kazakh Steppe]] by the [[Khiva]] Kingdom. Eset Batyr led a large army of [[Kazakhs]] and defeated the aggression of [[Khiva]]. Eset Batyr also successfully defended his ancestral lands against [[Kokand Khanate]]'s aggression.<ref name="DalaHerkulesi">Torekhanov, Tauman. ''Dala Herculesi'', Almaty: Atamura, 2008, ISBN 9965218048</ref>

== Anti-Colonial Uprising ==
In 1847–1858 years Eset batyr led a revolt of [[Kazakhs]] against the Russian administration.<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/> Tsar's administration sent two [[Cossack]] detachments and 200 [[Kazakhs]] controlled by Sultan Taukin and Major Mikhailov from the [[Ural (region)|Ural]] division. Also, 600 [[Kazakhs]] were sent under the leadership of Elekey Kasymov by the Tsar administration.<ref name="MarthaOlcott"/> Eset batyr sent 800 people against Russian troops who were destroyed by people of Eset Batyr.<ref name="KanmenZhazylganTagyrlar">Torekhanov, Tauman. ''Kanmen Zhazylgan Tagdyrlar'', Almaty: Atamura, 1999, ISBN 9965013209</ref> In 1854–1858 years, there was uprising of [[Kazakhs]] living in Aral region, due to high taxes of the Tsar administration. At that time, extortion or taxes carried out by camels. For instance, the military campaign of Perovskii in 1853 to conquer city of Akmeshit in [[Kazakhstan]] required almost 8 thousand camels.<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/> [[Kazakhs]] organized an uprising and moved to the territory of the [[Emba river]].<ref name="MarthaOlcott"/> The rebels put a number of demands: removal of tax for households, termination of sending of punitive detachments to the [[Kazakh steppe]], allowing usage of pastures and the possibility to move on the banks of rivers [[Zhem]], Mugadzhar, Elek, Kobda, Zhayyk. V.A Perovskiy organized a punitive detachment and sent Baron Wrangel with a large army to suppress the uprisings.<ref name="KanmenZhazylganTagyrlar"/> Eset Batyr agreed with Baron Wrangel, but the war did not stop and subsequently Eset batyr continued military actions against the military colonial posts and [[Cossack]] troops. The newly created punitive detachment under the leadership of [[Sultan]] Arslan Zhantorin was defeated by the army of Eset Batyr.<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/> [[Sultan]] Arslan Zhantorin was killed.

== The suppression of uprising ==
The suppression of the uprising was accompanied by mass killings of civilian population. Many rebels were executed while others were sent to jail such as Batyr Becket Serkebaeyev. In 1858 uprising was totally suppressed.<ref name="MarthaOlcott"/> The [[Russian Government]] understood that it would be unsuccessful to continue using force against Eset Batyr and Governor-General Katenin offered peace to Eset Batyr promising to comply with the demands of rebellions. Eset Batyr and the Russian administration reached a peace deal.

== Eset batyr in historical essays ==
* AI Dobrosmyslov, "Turgayskaya Oblast - historical sketch" ([[Orenburg]], 1902, pp. 407–409): "The most important Batyrs were Shekti batyrs Dzhankozha Nurmuhamedov and Eset Kotibarov. Our administration quarrelled with Eset Kotibarov and created a dangerous enemy. His influence and importance among people is indisputable… "<ref name="KanmenZhazylganTagyrlar"/>
* Chief of General Staff of Defense ministries L. Meyer St. Peterburg in 1865, "Kirgiskaya steppe, Orenburgskogo Office" (65-69 pp.) -: "Eset is a good family man, his dangers were shared with his several brothers and a mother who on hearsay, is the woman of excellent mind and energies… "<ref name="KanmenZhazylganTagyrlar"/>
* "Russian art piece" 1858, 1 January 31 issue, "Minor Kirgiz Horde, a nomadic proposes" Ust-Urta ":"… The name of Eset in the Little Orde was also formidable, as of his colleague Keny-Sary, who was killed in the fortieth years … or as the name of the hero Shamil of Caucasus. ".<ref name="KanmenZhazylganTagyrlar"/>
* The artist [[Bronislaw Zaleski]], "Journey to the Kazakh Sahara, Paris, in 1865:" I spent one day at Iset Kotibarov's place. For that era it was the most interesting person, very popular in the steppes…… He remained leader and served as a judge. "<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/>
* E. P. Kovalevsky, Head of Department MFA [[Russian Empire]], during the campaign to [[Khiva]] in 1839-1840: "… At the crossroads of the steppe I have met Batyr Eset Kotibarov, before he led the anti-colonial movement in priaral region, among some of the Kazakhs of the Lesser Horde. Eset had a body comparable to Hercules, his athletic form, his wild beauty and actions full of courage could impress Europeans and had strong influence among his fellow citizens " (" Explorer by land and seas ", kn.1, str.155).<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/>
* Also uprising of Eset widely reported in Russian publications such as Century 19: "Contemporary" (1851), "World illustration" (1860), "Domestic notes" (1860), "Russian Gazette" (1859), "Russian art piece" (1860), etc.<ref name="DalaHerkulesi"/>
* Furthermore, books of Torekhanov Tauman Alybayuly describe in detail about Eset Kotibaruli.<ref name="TaumanTorekhanovWebsite"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Ethnic Kazakh people]]

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