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Migrate {{Infobox settlement}} coordinates parameters to {{Coord}}, see Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes

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{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Ekibastuz
| native_name = Екібастұз
| image_skyline =
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Ekibastuz_seal.png
| image_map =
| map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Kazakhstan
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 280
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kazakhstan|Region]]
|subdivision_name = [[Kazakhstan]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Pavlodar Region]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1948
| established_title1 = Incorporated ([[city]])
| established_date1 = 1957
| government_type =
| leader_title = Akim <small>([[mayor]])</small>
| leader_name = Verbnyak Alexandr Fedorovich
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of= 2013
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 146991
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_km2 =
| timezone = [[Almaty Time|ALMT]]
| utc_offset = +6
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|51|40|0|N|75|22|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes=
| elevation_m = 347
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code = 141200
| area_code = +7 7187
| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]]
| website = http://ekibastuz.gov.kz/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ekibastuz''' ({{lang-kk|'''Екібастұз'''/Ekibastuz}}, ەكئباستۇز; {{lang-ru|Экибастуз}}) is a town in [[Pavlodar Region]], northeastern [[Kazakhstan]]. The population was {{Kz-census2009|125,012|punct=;}} {{Kz-census1999|127,197|punct=.}} Ekibastuz is served by [[Ekibastuz Airport]].

==History==
The history of Ekibastuz begins in the 19th century, when Kosym Pshembayev, a native [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] who was commissioned by Russian merchants to look for mineral resources in that region, alighted on a coal field southeast of [[Pavlodar]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} The commercial exploitation of the field started soon after. The field afterwards was sold to a British businessman named Urquart. The railway connection was constructed and the village Ekibastuz was established in 1899, named after the nearby lake of the same name, which means 'two-headed lake' in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (''eki'' 'two' + ''bas'' 'head' + ''tuz'' 'salt').<ref>E.M. Pospelov, ''Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira'' (Moscow, 1998), p. 479.</ref>

The [[Russian Revolution of 1917|revolution in the Russian Empire]], as well as two World Wars, distracted the attention of the state from the exploitation of the field. The village was totally deserted. However, in 1948 the first team (only 50 people) started construction of the future town. The borders of the future open-cast coal fields were also marked at that time.

[[File:Ekibastuz Energy post USSR 1981.jpg|left|thumb|Energy of Ekibastuz for the national economy. <small>Post of USSR, 1981.</small>]]

December 1954 was a significant period for Ekibastuz, because the first train loads of coal were loaded. From that time the industrial development of Ekibastuz started. In 1955 the millionth ton of the coal was produced. In the summer of 1958, [[Malenkov|Georgy Malenkov]] and his wife were exiled to Ekibastuz, where they were kept under close surveillance.<ref>William Taubman, ''Khrushchev''</ref>

The status of the "town" was given to Ekibastuz on July 12, 1957 by a decree of the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]. At that time the population of Ekibastuz was approximately 25,000 people. Nowadays, the population of Ekibastuz is about 141,000 people.

==Industry==
[[File:Kraftwerk Ekibastus.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Flue gas stacks at CHP (TPP) power station in Ekibastuz]]
The [[Vostochny Coal Mine]] company is located in Ekibastuz. Today Ekibastuz is the biggest open-cast coal field and one of the most perspective open-cast coal regions in the world. It contains more than 13 billion tons of coal in the area of 62 square kilometers. In other words, there are 74 million tons of coal per km³.

Near Ekibastuz there are two [[coal]] fired [[power plant]]s: [[Ekibastuz GRES-1|GRES-1]], with installed capacity of 4,000 MW, and [[GRES-2 Power Station|GRES-2]], with an installed capacity of 1,000 MW. GRES-2 has the [[Chimney of GRES-2 Power Station|tallest chimney]] in the world (419.7 m).<ref>[http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?20374745 Diagram of 25 tallest flue gas stacks worldwide]</ref>

The construction of GRES-2 was part of a Program for Ekibastuz coalfield development, foreseeing to be built four thermal power plants, each one of 4,000 MW (8 units x 500 MWe). In years 1991–93 only Units No 1 and 2 were commissioned. The construction of Unit No 3 was started 1990 but later stopped.

From Ekibastuz to Kokshetau runs an [[overhead power line]] designed for a transmission voltage of 1,150 kV, the [[powerline Ekibastuz-Kokshetau|Ekibastuz-Kokshetau powerline]].

Located in a naturally arid area, the city of Ekibastuz and its industries are supplied with water primarily from the [[Irtysh]] River, via the [[Irtysh–Karaganda Canal]], which passes about {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} north of Ekibastuz, where a number of water reservoirs are located.<ref>{{citation
|first=M. I. |last=L'vovich
|title=World Water Resources and Their Future
|publisher=American Geophysical Union
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TxJUOqTKtAIC&pg=PA344
}}</ref>

==Gulag==
It was the location of a major [[labor camp]] of the [[Gulag]] system maintained by the [[Soviet Union]] from the 1920s to the 1950s. [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] served in this camp and it is now the [[Shakhtyor Stadium (Ekibastuz)]] soccer stadium.<ref>http://www.rferl.org/content/fifty-years-after-denisovich-solzhenitsyn-visit-kazakhstan-former-site-of-gulag-camp-ekibastuz/24779476.html</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kengir]], a related camp and site of uprising partly supported by prisoners from Ekibastuz.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://ekibastuz.kz/ official site of Ekibastuz city]

{{Pavlodar Region}}
{{Cities of Kazakhstan}}
{{coord|51|40|N|75|22|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Ekibastuz| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Pavlodar Region]]
[[Category:Camps of the Gulag]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1948]]

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