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‎Legacy

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dinmukhamed Kunayev
| native_name = Дінмұхамед Қонаев
| image = Dinmuhkamed Konayev.png
| width =
| caption =
| nationality = [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]
| office4 = Full member of the [[24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|24th]], [[25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|25th]], [[26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|26th]] [[Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start4 = 9 April 1971
| term_end4 = 28 January 1987
| office5 = Candidate member of the [[23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|23rd]] [[Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start5 = 8 April 1966
| term_end5 = 9 April 1971
| office = [[First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party|First Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of Kazakhstan]]
| term_start1 = 19 January 1960
| term_end1 = 26 December 1962
| predecessor1 = [[Nikolay Belyayev]]
| successor1 = [[Ismail Yusupov]]
| term_start = 7 December 1964
| term_end = 16 December 1986
| predecessor = [[Ismail Yusupov]]
| successor = [[Gennady Kolbin]]
| office2 = [[Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR|Chairman]] of the [[Government of Kazakhstan|Council of Ministers]] of the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakh SSR]]
| term_start3 = 31 March 1955
| term_end3 = 29 January 1960
| predecessor3 = [[Elubay Taibekov]]
| successor3 = [[Zhumabek Tashenev]]
| term_start2 = 26 December 1962
| term_end2 = 7 December 1964
| predecessor2 = [[Masymkhan Beysembayev]]
| successor2 = [[Masymkhan Beysembayev]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|1|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Almaty|Verny]], [[Semirechye Oblast]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1993|8|22|1912|1|12}}
| death_place = [[Alma-Ata]], [[Kazakhstan]]
| spouse =
| profession =
| party = [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
| allegiance =
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| commands =
| battles =
| awards =
|}}
'''Dinmukhamed (Dimash) Akhmetuly Kunayev''' ({{lang-kk|Дінмұхаммед (Димаш) Ахметұлы Қонаев}}; {{lang-ru|Динмухаммед Ахмедович Кунаев}}; {{OldStyleDateDY|12 January|1912|31 December 1911}} – 22 August 1993) was a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[communist]] [[politician]].<ref name="indep">Vronskaya, Jeanne (24 August 1993) [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-dinmukhamed-kunayev-1463084.html "Obituary: Dinmukhamed Kunayev"]. ''The Independent'' London, Gazette Section, p. 18.</ref>

==Early life==
Kunayev, the son of a Kazakh clerk, was born at Verny, now [[Almaty]], and grew up in a middle-income family. He graduated from the Institute of Non-Ferrous and Fine Metallurgy in [[Moscow]] in 1936, which enabled him to become a machine operator. By 1939 he had become engineer-in-chief of the Pribalkhashatroi mine, and joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU), a condition of the position.<ref name="indep"/>

==Career==
Kunayev was deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the [[Kazakh SSR]] from 1942 to 1952. In 1947, 1951, 1955 and 1959 he also was a deputy in the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet. Kunayev's rise in Communist Party ranks had been closely tied to that of [[Leonid Brezhnev]]'s. Khrushchev appointed Panteleymon Ponomarenko as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and Leonid Brezhnev as the second secretary, in February 1954.<ref>Dornberg, John (1991) ''Brezhnev: the Masks of Power'', London: Andre Deutsch, ISBN 0465007562, p. 133.</ref> Soon, Kunayev and Brezhnev developed a close friendship which lasted until the death of Brezhnev. Brezhnev became the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1955 and a member of CPSU Politburo in 1956. When Brezhnev left Kazakhstan in 1956, I. Iakovlev became the First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party. Kunayev had to wait until 1960 to attain the post.

Kunayev was an ardent supporter of the [[Virgin Lands]] campaign, which opened millions of hectares of lands in central Kazakhstan to agricultural development and caused a large influx of Russian immigrants into Kazakhstan. In 1962 he was dismissed from his position as he disagreed with Khrushchev's plans to incorporate some lands in Southern Kazakhstan into Uzbekistan. [[Ismail Yusupov]], a supporter of the plan, replaced Kunayev. He became first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan again in 1964 when Khrushchev was ousted and replaced by Brezhnev.<ref>Kunaev, Dinmukhammed (1992) ''O Moem Vremeni'', Almaty: Dauir.</ref> He kept his position for twenty-two more years.<ref name="facts">Drexel, John (1991) "Kunayev, Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich (1912– )" ''The Facts on File Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century'' Facts on File, New York, ISBN 0-8160-2461-8</ref> He was an alternate member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]] from 1967, and a full member from 1971 to 1987.

During Kunayev's long rule, Kazakhs occupied prominent positions in the bureaucracy, economy and educational institutions. A Brezhnev loyalist, he was removed from office under pressure from [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], who accused him of corruption.<ref name="facts"/><ref name="boss">"Memorial plaque put up in Alma-Ata for ex-communist boss" ''ITAR-TASS news agency: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts'' British Broadcasting Company (16 January 1995)</ref> On 16 December 1986 the Politburo replaced him with [[Gennady Kolbin]], who had never lived in the Kazakh SSR before. This provoked street riots in Almaty, which were the first signs of ethnic strife during Gorbachev's tenure.<ref>"Kazakh Reformist Party for Renaming Town after Soviet-era Leader" ''Global News Wire – Asia Africa Intelligence Wire'' British Broadcasting Company (23 August 2004)</ref> In modern Kazakhstan, this revolt is called [[Jeltoqsan]], meaning December in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]].

[[File:E8546-Almaty-Kunaev-Square.jpg|310px|thumb|left|Kunayev Monument in Almaty]]

==Legacy==
Kunayev was awarded the Gold Star of [[Hero of Socialist Labour]] three times.<ref name="boss"/> He spent the last years of his life in charitable activity, establishing the 'Dinmukhamed Kunayev Foundation', one of whose purposes was the support of political reform in Kazakhstan.<ref>Ardayev, Vladimir (Izvestia staff) (24 August 1993) "Dinmukhamed Kunayev Dies" ''The Current Digest of the Soviet Press '' 45(34): p. 28</ref>
An institute and a [[Kunayev Street (Almaty)|street]] in Almaty have been named after him as well as an avenue in downtown Astana.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dinmukhamed Konayev}}
*[https://archive.org/details/KazakhstanSevenYearPlanForProsperity ''Kazakhstan: Seven Year Plan for Prosperity''] by Dinmukhamed Kunayev
*[http://www.allnumis.com/coin/kazakhstan/50-tenge-2012-100-years-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-konayev-22449 Commemorative Coin – 100 years anniversary of Konayev's birth]

{{Heads of state of Kazakhstan}}
{{Prime Ministers of Kazakhstan}}
{{Brezhnev Era}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Konayev, Dinmukhamed}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]]
[[Category:Party leaders of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:People from Almaty]]
[[Category:Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Kazakhstan politicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]

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