Moderator: 1 revision

2026-05-16T19:49:24Z

1 revision

Mixrunya: /* Operation of the site */

2017-02-17T07:07:02Z

‎Operation of the site

New page

{{Infobox launch pad
| name = Site 41
| image =
| caption =
| site = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]
| location =
| operator = [[Strategic Missile Troops|RVSN]]
| tlaunches = 134
| pads = 3
| paddetails =
{{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Site 41/3
| status = Demolished
| launches = 31
| unknown =
| first = October 24, 1960
| last = December 12, 1967
| rockets = [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]]
}}
{{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Site 41/4
| status = Demolished
| launches = 81
| unknown =
| first = February 2, 1961
| last = December 27, 1967
| rockets = [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]]
}}
{{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Site 41/15
| status = Demolished
| launches = 22
| unknown =
| first = May 25, 1963 |first_details=[[R-16 (missile)|R-16U]]
| last = August 27, 1968 |last_details=[[Kosmos 3]] / [[Kosmos 236]]
| rockets = [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]]<br>[[Kosmos 3]]
}}
}}

'''Site 41''' was a complex of three launch pads at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] originally built for flight testing of Intercontinental [[ballistic missile]] (ICBMs) using storable propellant. The need to develop such missiles was determined by low-tactical-technical and operational characteristics of the first Soviet ICBM [[R-7 Semyorka|R-7]] created by the [[S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|OKB-1]] under the guidance of [[Sergei Pavlovich Korolev]]. May 13, 1959 by a special decree of the Central Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] and the CM of the design Bureau [[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau|«Yuzhnoye»]] (Chief designer-[[Mikhail Yangel|Mikhail K. Yangel]]) assigned to develop an Intercontinental [[ballistic missile]] on storable components of propellant, which has received designation [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]] and index - 8К64 . Together with 41 platform built platform № 42 - technical and № 43 - for residing of serving military personnel and representatives of the industry.

== Construction of the site ==
In the second half of 1959, [[construction]] work began on the construction of the forties sites [http://www.leninsk.ru/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/Stroiteli.pdf]. Construction of pad for IBR [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]], consisting of the two launches, was entrusted E. I. Nikolaev. Thousands of employees of military engineers and civil subcontracting organizations, UPR Durova D. day and night worked with wholeheartedly. On the home page and technical exchanges were first ready-made premises and facilities. They began to mount the equipment. In April 1960 began construction of roads. In the month of may there were opportunities to resettle some of the soldiers in the capital, stone barracks, were ready hostel for officers-builders and customers. The supervision of construction and landfill everything was done to make life easier for a large mass of people. In August the construction work on the sites 41, 42, 43 were completed. And by '''17 October 1960''' and equipment erection works on objects of sites № 41, 42 and 43 were finished.

== Operation of the site ==
{{main|Nedelin catastrophe}}

26 September 1960 at the [[Baikonur]] cosmodrome came the first flight of the rocket product 8К64 № LSD1-ST. In September 1960, was approved by the state Commission for the flight tests of ICBMs [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]]. The [[Chairman]] of the Commission was appointed Deputy Minister of defence Commander-in-chief of the strategic missile forces [[Chief Marshal]] of artillery and rocket forces [[Mitrofan Nedelin|M. I. Nedelin]], the technical leader tests - Chief designer of [[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau|OKB-586]] -[[Mikhail Yangel|Mikhail K. Yangel]]. Until October 20, were carried out complex tests of all systems of the rocket in the Assembly-test complex, and on the morning of '''21 October 1960''' rocket was rolled out from Assembly and testing facility and delivered to the 41-St platform. 21 and 22 October been held under the prelaunch preparation of the docking head, lifting and installation of the rocket on the launch pad, communication connection and testing of all systems. 23 October missile was filled with the propellant components and compressed gases. By decision of state Commission rocket launch was appointed by 19:00 on October 23. But the identified faults forced Госкомиммию postpone the start of a rocket on October 24. First half of the day on October 24, would eliminate the defects. Around 18:45, was declared a 30-minute readiness for launch and started exhibiting in zero software токораспределителя. Occurred unauthorized starting of the engine of the second stage. Fiery stream destroyed the tanks of the oxidant and fuel in the first stage. An avalanche burning lasted about 20 seconds, after which the remains of the units and buildings were burnt down in two hours. Due to the [http://video.yandex.ru/#!/search?text=%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0&where=all&filmId=z5A5bVO08gE accident] site № 41 [http://www.leninsk.ru/gallery/displayimage.php?album=379&pos=30] was completely destroyed, killed 78 people and 42 people injured [[Nedelin catastrophe|[3]]]. In October 1998, the [[Officer|officers]] of the 1st center Baikonur cosmodrome on the 41st floor was installed monument to the testers [http://www.leninsk.ru/gallery/displayimage.php?album=379&pos=30].

== Literature ==
* [http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-1/01.html "Rockets and people"] – [[Boris Chertok|B. E. Chertok]], M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. ISBN 5-217-02942-0 {{ref-ru}};
* "At risk", - A. A. Toul, [[Kaluga]], "the Golden path", 2001. {{Listed Invalid ISBN|5-7111-0333-1}}
* "A breakthrough in space" - Konstantin Vasilyevich Gerchik, M: LLC "Veles", 1994. ISBN 5-87955-001-X
* Harford, James. ''Korolev – How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon''. [[John Wiley & Sons]], Inc., New York, 1997. pp 119–120. ISBN 0-471-14853-9
* "Testing of rocket and space technology - the business of my life" Events and facts - [[Arkady Ostashev|A.I. Ostashev]], [[Korolyov, Moscow Oblast|Korolyov]], 2001.[http://cosmosravelin.narod.ru/r-space/bibliografia.html];
* "Baikonur. Korolev. Yangel." - M. I. Kuznetsk, [[Voronezh]]: IPF "Voronezh", 1997, ISBN 5-89981-117-X
* "Look back and look ahead. Notes of a military engineer" - Rjazhsky A. A., 2004, SC. first, the publishing house of the "Heroes of the Fatherland" ISBN 5-91017-018-X.
* "Unknown Baikonur" - edited by B. I. Posysaeva, M.: "globe", 2001. ISBN 5-8155-0051-8
* "Rocket and space feat Baikonur" - Vladimir Порошков, the "Patriot" publishers 2007. ISBN 5-7030-0969-3
* "Bank of the Universe" - edited by Boltenko A. C., [[Kiev]], 2014., publishing house "Phoenix", ISBN 978-966-136-169-9

==External links==
* [http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/p16/p16.shtml Strategic rocket complex of the R-16 missile 8К64(Р-16У/8К64У)] IP "Rockets"
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqT90VmYgEU Day when not start missiles. Part one]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvHfdDrenaA Day when not start missiles. Part two]
* [http://www.russianspaceweb.com/r16_disaster.html Nedelin Disaster] // RussianSpaceWeb.com {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.mk.ru/incident/2015/10/29/katastrofa-na-baykonure-pochemu-pogibli-124-cheloveka-vo-glave-s-marshalom.html The newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets ] // The disaster at Baikonur {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.baikonuradm.ru/index.php?mod=all/news&ID=4004 The official website of the city administration Baikonur] // Baikonur commemorated a test rocket and space technology.{{ref-ru}}
{{coord|45.97542|N|63.65982|E|region:KZ-BAY_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Baikonur Cosmodrome launch sites}}

[[Category:Baikonur Cosmodrome]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:49, 16 May 2026
(No difference)

Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 41 - Revision history

Moderator: 1 revision

Mixrunya: /* Operation of the site */